The ratio of serum eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid and risk of cancer death in a Japanese community: The Hisayama Study

Background

Whether the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or arachidonic acid (AA) affects the risk of cancer remains unclear, and the association between the serum EPA:AA ratio and cancer risk has not been fully evaluated in general populations.

1990～1992年广西肺结核死亡率及死因构成分析

本文根据１９９０～１９９２年广西随机抽样１０个市，县的死因调查资料，分析广西肺结核的死亡率和死因构成。其特点表现为城乡，民族和经济收入等级间的不均衡性，对当前全球结核病的流行趋势以及影响流行的因素进行讨论。     

1996至2000年全国5岁以下儿童死亡监测主要结果分析

目的了解1996至2000年全国5岁以下儿童年龄别和主要死因别死亡率的变化趋势。方法采用全国5岁以下儿童死亡监测网收集的1996至2000年以人群为基础的监测资料,计算不同地区的新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率及5岁以下儿童主要死因别死亡率。结果2000年全国新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为22．8‰、32．2‰和39．7‰,较1996年(24．0‰、36．0‰和45．0‰)分别下降了5．0％、10．6％和11．8％;2000年城市新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为9．5‰、11．8‰和13．8‰,较1996年(12．2‰、14．8‰和16.9‰)分别下降了22．1％、20．3％和18．3％;2000年农村新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为25．8‰、37．0‰和45．7‰,较1996年(26．7％0、40．9％0和51．4％0)分别下降了3．4％、9．5％和11．1％。1996至2000年,全国5岁以下儿童的痢疾、肺炎、腹泻、神经管缺陷和溺水死亡率有明显下降趋势。结论1996至2000年,我国城市和农村的新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率有明显的下降趋势,且肺炎、腹泻等可避免死因的死亡率下降在农村地区尤为明显。     

Mortality rates in the Federal Republic of Germany following previous occupational exposure to asbestos dust

Summary In 1972, a procedure was introduced by the Industrial Injuries Insurance Institutes (Berufsgenossenschaften) of the Federal Republic of Germany, which is to be used by the special occupational health service for employees exposed to asbestos dust. Since 1 January 1972, occupational health examinations are performed when exposure to asbestos dust has been of at least 3 years' duration.On 1 January 1977, a prospective cohort study was started with employees formerly exposed to asbestos dust whilst working for companies manufacturing or using asbestos. Data on these persons are collected in the Central Register of Employees Exposed to Asbestos Dust of the Industrial Injuries Insurance Institutes. A total of 3,070 male and female employees in whom asbestos exposure terminated after 1 January 1972 formed subcohort I of the study. For comparison, 665 persons whose exposure terminated before 1 January 1972 served as subcohort II. In addition to several other inclusion criteria, each individual's permission was required before personal data could be evaluated.Of the subjects in the two subcohorts, 185 and 71, respectively, had died by 31 December 1982. Tumours were more frequently than this cause of death is expected in the general population. In addition to a high incidence of mesothelioma, the standard mortality rate was especially increased for lung cancer.The proportional mortality rates of about 40% for tumours of all sites (with about 17% lung cancer and 8% mesothelioma) especially in subcohort II, seemed to be comparable to the international figures for epidemiological mortality.Supported by the Central Office of the Industrial Injuries Insurance Institutes, Bonn, Contract no.638.31:376.3-4104.Presented as a Short Communication at the XXI International Congress on Occupational Health, Dublin, September 9–14, 1984.     

辽宁省1984-2010年城乡居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病死亡率变化趋势分析

目的 分析辽宁省城乡居民1984-2010年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)死亡变化趋势.方法 利用Joinpoint Regression Program软件对数线性泊松回归模型产生的Monte Carlo组合检验确定趋势线拐点,分析拐点前后COPD死亡率的年均变化率及总体变化趋势.结果 辽宁省城市居民1984-2010年和农村居民1999-2009年COPD死亡率均呈显著下降趋势.城市居民COPD中国人口标化死亡率从1984年的243.93/10万下降为2010年的33.13/10万,年均下降5.8％.农村居民COPD中国人口标化死亡率从1999年的251.33/10万单调下降至2009年的102.25/10万,年均下降6.8％.1994-2010年城市居民COPD死亡率均下降9.0％,超过农村居民1999-2009年年均下降水平(6.8％).支气管炎死亡率的下降是导致COPD总体死亡率下降的主要原因.COPD死亡率总体水平城市低于农村,城市男性高于城市女性,农村女性高于农村男性.结论 辽宁省1984-2010年COPD死亡率呈显著下降趋势.     

2004-2005年江西省消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡率回顾性分析

目的 了解江西省2004-2005年消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡水平和分布特征,为制订防治策略提供科学依据.方法 利用2004-2005年江西省第3次死因回顾抽样调查消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡数据,按性别和地区分别计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、恶性肿瘤死因顺位等.结果 2004-2005年江西省调查地区消化系统恶性肿瘤粗死亡率63.63/10万,中标率45.49/10万,消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡率男性(86.41/10万)高于女性(38.99/10万),差异有统计学意义(x2 =599.942,P＜0.01);城市(67.73/10万)高于农村(62.36/10万),差异有统计学意义(x2=5.553,P=0.018).江西省消化系统恶性肿瘤死因顺位前4位依次为肝癌、胃癌、结直肠肛门癌和食管癌,占全部消化系统恶性肿瘤的90％以上.结论 江西省消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡率略低于全国平均水平,肝癌、胃癌、结直肠肛门癌和食管癌是江西省居民消化系统肿瘤干预的重点.     

2004-2019年中国农村人群自杀死亡趋势的年龄-时期-队列模型分析

目的 采用年龄-时期-队列模型(age-period-cohort,APC)分析我国2004-2019年10～84岁农村人群自杀死亡率的变化趋势,为自杀的防治评价提供科学依据.方法 收集2005-2020年《中国卫生统计年鉴》中10～84岁农村人群的自杀死亡监测资料,采用APC模型和内在估计法对年龄、时期和队列效应进行...     

世界卫生组织-全球抗癫痫运动中国农村癫痫示范项目结束后四年随访结果

目的了解全球抗癫痫运动中国农村抗癫痫示范项目终止后4年曾接受苯巴比妥治疗的癫痫患者的远期治疗效果及转归,以为我国农村癫痫患者的防治和管理提供参考依据。方法2008年7—12月由经过培训的乡卫生院医师采用问卷与访谈相结合的形式入户调查,对原示范项目6省（市）共8个县经苯巴比妥治疗管理的2455例惊厥型癫痫患者进行随访。结果接受苯巴比妥治疗的2455例患者中共随访到1780例,其中939例（52．75％）继续服药,无发作和发作减少超过50％（有效）的患者于项目终止后的12、24、36和48个月时所占比例分别为66．77％（627／939）、68．37％（642／939）、71．35％（670／939）和73．06％（686／939）;841例（47．25％）停药患者中244例（29．01％）无发作、320例（38．05％）仍然发作但已停药、277例（32．94％）改用其他类型抗癫痫药物。对939例继续服用苯巴比妥与841例停药的癫痫患者进行疗效比较,继续服药者的远期疗效优于停药者（x2=12．423,P=0．002）。停药原因分别为发作停止（244例,29．01％）、改用其他抗癫痫药物（277例,32．94％）、未提供免费药物或无钱买药（93例,11．06％）、治疗效果欠佳（92例,10．94％）、当地买不到苯巴比妥（54例,6．42％）等。至2008年随访结束时共有206例患者死亡,标化死亡比达19．10;其中意外事故死亡为59例（28．64％）,其次为脑血管病30例（14．56％）、癫痫持续状态窒息死亡28例（13．59％）。结论“全球抗癫痫运动”中国农村癫痫示范项目开展成功,远期治疗效果良好,值得进一步推广。癫痫人群死亡率高,尤其是意外事故死亡率高,值得引起注意。     

Total arch repair versus hemiarch repair in the management of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection

Objective: In acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection, it is still controversial whether to perform extended aortic replacement to improve long-term outcome or to use a conservative strategy with ascending aortic and hemiarch replacement to palliate a life-threatening condition. Methods: Between 1999 and 2009, 188 consecutive patients (93 women; mean age, 57.4 ± 11.7 years) with acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection underwent hemiarch (Hemiarch group; n = 144) or total arch replacement (Total arch group; n = 44) in conjunction with ascending aorta replacement. Clinical outcomes were compared after adjustment for baseline characteristics using inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting. Results: Median follow-up was 47.5 months (range 0–130.4 months) and was 92.0% (n = 173) complete. Five-year unadjusted survival and permanent-neurologic-injury-free survival rates were 65.8 ± 8.3% and 43.1 ± 9.7% in the Total arch group, and 83.2 ± 3.3% and 75.2 ± 4.0% in the Hemiarch group, respectively (P = 0.013 and <0.001). After adjustment, the Total arch group patients were at greater risks of death (hazard ratio (HR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–4.67; P = 0.012), and permanent neurologic injury (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.31–8.04; P = 0.011) compared to the Hemiarch group patients. The risks of the re-operation for aortic pathology or distal aortic dilatation (>55 mm) were similar for both groups (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.08–1.43; P = 0.14). Conclusions: Total arch repair was associated with greater morbidity and mortality compared with hemiarch repair in acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. Rates of aortic re-operation or aortic dilatation were not significantly different between the two surgical strategies. These findings support a conservative surgical approach to circumvent this life-threatening situation.