Ultrastructural morphometry of anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments: an experimental study in rabbits.

This study presents morphometric analyses of collagen subfascicle area fraction and collagen fibril diameter distributions for the anterior cruciate (ACL) and medial collateral (MCL) knee ligaments from transmission electron micrographs of ligament cross sections of five mature, female New Zealand White rabbits. Statistically significant differences in subfascicular area fractions were found between the ACL and MCL (0.89 +/- 0.02, 0.97 +/- 0.01, respectively; p less than 0.001). Mean fibril diameters for the ACL and MCL were also significantly different (0.059 +/- 0.005, 0.085 +/- 0.011 microns, respectively; p less than 0.025). Fibril eccentricity (a measure of parallel alignment of collagen fibrils within the ligaments, defined as the ratio of minor to major axes of elliptical fibril outlines) was 0.89 +/- 0.03 and 0.85 +/- 0.08, respectively, for the ACL and MCL; these data were not significantly different (p greater than 0.1). The relative amount of variation in the pooled fibril diameter data due to variation between animals, ligaments, locations within ligaments, and among fibrils at individual locations are reported. The variation of fibril diameter distributions between the ACL and MCL was substantially greater than the variation between different locations within each ligament cross section as well as between different animals. The structural differences reported may help explain known differences in the biomechanical properties of the ACL and MCL.     

Short-term inhibition of cardiac cellular autophagy by isoproterenol

It is shown in the present study by means of quantitative electron microscopy that the volume fraction of autophagic vacuoles is significantly reduced to about half the control value within a short time interval (about 10 min) after low dose administration of isoproterenol. The data suggest that stimulation of cardiac work is accompanied by an immediate anticatabolic reaction which can be assumed to represent an early contribution to the adaptative increase in myocardial mass known to result from long-term stimulation of cardiac work.     

A quantitative pathological investigation of the cervical cord,roots and ganglia after long-term amputation of the unilateral upper arm

Summary A pathological study was conducted on an autopsied patient who had undergone amputation of the right arm at the level of the shoulder 38 years prior to death. The numbers of anterior horn cells, spinal ganglion cells and myelinated fibers in the anterior and posterior spinal roots at the cervical segments were examined quantitatively and compared with those of age-matched control subjects. On the amputation side, anterior horn cells, spinal ganglion cells and large myelinated fibers of the anterior and posterior roots were decreased in number. In addition, on the spared side, the medium-sized neurons of Rexed's lamina IX were shrunken, or decreased in number, and the number of small- and medium-sized myelinated fibers in the anterior roots was decreased. These findings indicate that the long-term effects of axonal amputation induce retrograde degeneration of the anterior horn and spinal ganglion cells on the amputation side, resulting in atrophy and a decrease of medium-sized neurons in the anterior horn even on the contralateral, spared side.     

大鼠下丘脑弓状核神经元的衰老性变化——光,电镜定量研究

目的：为了研究中药的抗衰老作用，为弓状核提供形态学资料；方法：采用光、电镜技术和形态计量方法对20只SD老年大鼠下丘脑弓状核神经元进行了形态定量研究。结果：①弓状核由亮、暗神经元胞体，胶质细胞胞体，血管和神经毡组成；②老年大鼠弓状核神经元胞体的面积分数、面数密度和胞体、胞核的等效直径未见明显改变（P＞0．05）；③老年大鼠弓状核亮细胞内细胞器和分泌颗粒的面积分数和面数密度未见改变（P＞0．05），而暗细胞内线粒体、溶酶体的面积分数和面数密度均增加（P＜0．05），粗面内质网、高尔基复合体、游离核糖体和分泌颗粒的面积分数和面数密度明显减少（P＜0．05）。结论：①老年大鼠弓状核内亮、暗细胞的形态定量改变不一致，呈现不同的反应；②衰老引起神经内分泌功能紊乱可能与弓状核的衰老变化直接相关。     

穿透性角膜移植术后移植片内皮细胞远期形态学观察

目的 :分析穿透性角膜移植术 (PK)后透明植片内皮细胞远期的形态学变化和与植片寿命的关系。同时调查穿透性角膜移植术后 2 3年间白内障、青光眼、角膜排斥反应、植片失活的机率。方法 :应用非接触内皮显微镜和图像分析技术对 14 8名单眼PK手术患者移植片和手术眼角膜进行活体内皮细胞形态定量分析。结果 :1 术后 3月～ 10年 ,植片内皮细胞数量下降迅速 ,达到 72 5± 17 7% (M±SD) (r =13 % ) ;细胞面积、形态系数、细胞周长和非六角形细胞比率增大P <0 0 1,而六角形细胞比率和细胞形态系数变小P <0 0 0 6。 2 术后 10～ 2 3年 ,植片内皮细胞丢失速度减慢 (r =3 % ) ,同时细胞面积的变异系数变得相对稳定 (2 7 8% )P <0 0 1。六角形细胞比率和细胞形系数逐渐恢复到正常水平P <0 0 5。 3 PK术后白内障手术率 14 % ,青光眼和排斥反应的发病率是 16%和 2 9%。 4 PK术后植片失活率是18%。晚期植片内皮功能衰竭是晚期植片失活的主要原因 ,术后 5～ 2 3年 12例植片失活患者中发生了 7例。结论 :1 PK术后 11～ 2 3年 ,每年内皮细胞密度稳定下降。六角形细胞比率和细胞形状系数恢复正常 ,面积变异系数稳定说明内皮细胞层稳定性得以恢复。细胞密度和细胞形态在评估PK术后的愈合过程是同样重要。 2 PK术     

脱落细胞形态计量及DNA含量测定对膀胱癌的诊断意义

采用图象细胞分析技术（ＩＣＭ）对８例膀胱冲洗液脱落细胞及６例正常对照进行形态计量和ＤＮＡ含量分析研究．结果显示：正常对照ＤＮＡ主峰位于２Ｎ范围，ＤＮＡ含量≥５Ｎ细胞为０．６７％，肿瘤脱落细胞ＤＮＡ主峰右移超过４Ｎ范围，ＤＮＡ含量≥５Ｎ细胞为４３．０％．对膀胱冲洗液脱落细胞的９项几何学参数进行检测，均表明良恶性间有显著差异，核／细胞面积比（ＡＲＮＣ）和细胞圆度（ＳＰＣ）两项参数具有临床诊断价值及代表性．     

Morphometric analysis of the postnatal mouse optic nerve following prenatal exposure to alcohol

Pregnant female mice were divided on day 12 post coitum into a control and an experimental group. The experimental group was given a single intraperitoneal dose of 0.015 ml/g body weight of 25% solution of alcohol in distilled water while the control group was exposed to a similar weight related dose of normal saline. The optic nerves were isolated from the offspring of both control and experimental groups at wk 2, 3 and 5 (i.e. during the juvenile period of postnatal development) and analysed by light and electron microscopy. Although in both groups the optic nerve grew in size rapidly during the period studied, the rate of growth in the experimental groups lagged behind that of the controls. The difference was initially significant but tailed off, so that by wk 5 it was no longer significant. The time of initial onset and progression of myelinogenesis in the optic nerve of alcohol exposed mice also lagged behind that of controls. In both groups the size distribution of the myelinated nerve fibres in the optic nerve was unimodal with a positive skewing for all ages. The spectrum of size distribution of the nerve fibres was, however, broader in controls than in the corresponding experimental groups. With increasing age the proportion of small and medium size fibres was greater in the experimental group than in the controls, while for the large diameter fibres the reverse was observed. It is suggested that this study may shed light on the teratogenic effect of 'binge' drinking during pregnancy and that it is the critical period when exposure occurs that is more important than the duration of administration.     

出生后大鼠螺旋神经节神经元形态学研究

目的 证实出生后第2周是大鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节神经元发育的关键时刻。方法 选用60只出生后1—49d(postnatal day 1 to 49，PND l—49)的SD大鼠(分为10组)和6只成年(4月龄)SD大鼠。取平行蜗轴的中轴切片，光镜下观察螺旋神经节神经元形态；通过形态学测量神经元细胞面积、细胞核面积、Rosenthal隧道截面积并计数神经元，计算核浆比和细胞密度。结果 PND l—14大鼠神经元细胞面积逐渐增大；PND l—3大鼠细胞核面积较小，此后无明显变化趋势；PND 7大鼠细胞密度和核浆比明显下降，PND l4大鼠核浆比有明显下降。发育最早从钩回开始，逐渐向顶回发展。结论 出生后第2周是大鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节神经元发育的重要阶段。     

Orthogonal arrays of particles in astroglial cells: quantitative analysis of their density, size, and correlation with intramembranous particles

Astroglial cells were investigated by means of freeze-fracture in normal rat and mouse brain, cell culture and human gliomas. Membranes of these cells were quantitatively analyzed for their intramembranous particles (IMPs) and orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs). Measurement of the size of OAPs and IMPs has permitted the search for a correlation between the 7-nm IMPs, which are distributed randomly in the membrane, and the subunits of OAPs (OAP-Su, also 7 nm in diameter). Using cultured astroglial cells treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), arginine vasopressin, or sorbitol, good evidence for a relationship between the density of 7-nm IMPs and the size of OAPs can be demonstrated. These findings led to a hypothetical model of OAP modulation. A preliminary report has been published elsewhere (Neuhaus and Wolburg, 1989).     

小儿睾丸胚胎性癌的组织形态计量研究——与年龄相关的生物行为机理探讨

应用形态计量技术,对14例小儿睾丸胚胎性癌进行了研究。肿瘤细胞的面数密度、体密度、核分裂-碎裂指数与年龄呈直线相关(0.001相似文献