Comparison of a Web-Based Dietary Assessment Tool with Software for the Evaluation of Dietary Records

Background

Dietary assessment in clinical practice is performed by means of computer support, either in the form of a web-based tool or software. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the comparison of a Slovenian web-based tool with German software for the evaluation of four-day weighted paper-and-pencil-based dietary records (paper-DRs) in pregnant women.

Methods

A volunteer group of pregnant women (n=63) completed paper-DRs. These records were entered by an experienced research dietitian into a web-based application (Open Platform for Clinical Nutrition, OPEN, http://opkp.si/en, Ljubljana, Slovenia) and software application (Prodi 5.7 Expert plus, Nutri-Science, Stuttgart, Germany, 2011). The results for calculated energy intake, as well as 45 macro- and micronutrient intakes, were statistically compared by using the non-parametric Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The cut-off for Spearman’s rho was set at >0.600.

Results

12 nutritional parameters (energy, carbohydrates, fat, protein, water, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, dietary fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and stearic acid) were in high correlation (>0.800), 18 in moderate (0.600–0.799), 11 in weak correlation (0.400–0.599), while 5 (arachidonic acid, niacin, alpha-linolenic acid, fluoride, total sugars) did not show any statistical correlation.

Conclusion

Comparison of the results of the evaluation of dietary records using a web-based dietary assessment tool with those using software shows that there is a high correlation for energy and macronutrient content.     

Cognitive Interviews of Vietnamese Americans on Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Health Educational Materials

The purpose of this study was to better understand if a health educational presentation using culturally adapted materials was understandable and culturally appropriate, and that the content was retained, in an older Vietnamese American population. This study used cognitive interviewing. A convenient sampling was used to recruit eight participants by staff of a community-based organization from its client base. This is the first study to document that family eating style poses a challenge for estimating food intake among Vietnamese Americans. Participants who ate in a family eating style were not able to recall or estimate the number of servings of protein and vegetables. Some older Vietnamese Americans used food for healing and self-adjusted portion sizes from dietary recommendations. Cognitive interviewing is a useful method to improve comprehension, retention, and cultural appropriateness of health educational materials. Further nutrition research concerning intake measurement in ethnic groups that practice a family eating style is warranted.     

Effects of decentralisation and health system reform on health workforce and quality‐of‐care in Indonesia, 1993–2007

The impact of decentralisation, socioeconomic changes and healthcare reforms in Indonesia on type and distribution of healthcare providers and quality‐of‐care has been unclear. We examined workforce trends for healthcare facilities from 1993 to 2007 using the Indonesian Family Life Surveys. Each included a sample of public and private healthcare facilities, used standardised interviews for numbers and composition of staffing, and quality‐of‐care vignettes. There was an increase in multiprovider facilities and shift in profile of solo providers—increasing proportions of midwives and drop in doctors in rural areas (including facilities with doctors) and nurses in urban areas. Quality‐of‐care scores were low, particularly for nurses as solo providers. Despite increased numbers of healthcare workers and growth of the private sector, outer Java‐Bali and rural areas continued to be disadvantaged in workforce capacity and quality‐of‐care. The results have implications for accreditation and in‐service training requirements, the legal status of nurses and private sector regulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

心理危机评估与干预软件的研制与测试

目的评估心理危机中自杀的危险程度,为基层心理医生预防自杀提供实用和有效的辅助软件。方法研制由4个国际通用的自杀评估量表和1个自杀行为观察他评量表模块构成的心理危机评估体系,并设有1项干预模块引导使用者进行专业干预。结果软件能快速给出测评结果并自动显示危险程度和处理意见;对超过中等危险度的数据,能给予屏显和声响2种方式报警。经对680名大学生进行自杀意念筛选,有较高的特异性。对30例有自杀意念者进行测评表明,自评量表评分与他评量表中相对应因子分呈明显正相关,r为0.55~0.72(P0.05,P0.01)。对113例心理疾病患者进行测评,软件测评的自杀意念阳性率为53.5%,明显高于访谈测评结果(34.5%)(P0.01)。结论软件设计合理,可以对自杀意念作出较准确的评估,对专业化开展心理危机干预有较大帮助。     

急性脑梗死侧支循环建立的神经影像学评估

急性脑梗死是神经系统的常见病和多发病,目前治疗的关键是恢复血流,挽救缺血半暗带。研究显示良好的侧支循环可减少梗死面积、改善预后。因而早期对侧支循环进行准确而完整地评估有着重要意义。随着现代影像技术的发展,为评估急性脑梗死侧支循环的建立提供了重要手段,文中就急性脑梗死侧支循环建立的影像学检查技术和方法作一综述,旨在为合理的选择影像学检查方法提供依据。     

瑞芬太尼与芬太尼对老年患者术后认知功能的影响

目的：对比瑞芬太尼与芬太尼对老年患者全麻术后认知功能的影响。方法筛选我院2013年1月至2014年10月进行非心脏择期手术患者84例作为研究对象。所有患者均在全麻下进行手术,随机将其分为瑞芬太尼组与芬太尼组,其中瑞芬太尼组采用瑞芬太尼联合丙泊酚靶控输注,芬太尼组采用芬太尼联合丙泊酚靶控输注,比较两组患者术后睁眼时间、拔管时间及语言唤醒应答时间,并采用简易智力状态调查量表（ MMSE）评估两组患者术前6h,术后2、4、6h认知情况。结果瑞芬太尼组术后睁眼时间、拔管时间及语言唤醒应答时间明显短于芬太尼组（P＜0．05）;两组患者术后2 h均较术前MMSE评分显著降低（ P＜0．05）,但瑞芬太尼术后2、4、6 h MMSE评分明显高于芬太尼组（ P＜0．05）。结论瑞芬太尼与芬太尼均可引起老年患者全麻术后短暂认知功能障碍,但瑞芬太尼对认知障碍影响效果弱于芬太尼,并且睁眼时间、术后苏醒时间较短。     

七氟醚不同麻醉深度对术后应激反应以及血清兴奋性氨基酸、S-100β、NSE含量的影响

目的:研究七氟醚不同麻醉深度对术后应激反应以及血清兴奋性氨基酸、S-100β、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量的影响.方法:将2013年4月～2014年5月期间在我院接受静吸复合麻醉的120例患者纳入研究,根据七氟醚麻醉深度不同分为两组,观察组患者接受高浓度七氟醚麻醉[脑电双频指数(BIS)值35～45]、对照组患者接受低浓度七氟醚麻醉(BIS值50～60),比较两组患者的术后应激反应以及血清兴奋性氨基酸、S-100β、NSE含量.结果:(1)应激反应:观察组患者的血清皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)含量低于对照组(P＜0.05);(2)兴奋性氨基酸:观察组患者的血清谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、甘氨酸(Gly)含量低于对照组(P＜0.05);(3)血清生化指标:观察组患者的血清S-100β、NSE含量低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:高浓度七氟醚麻醉(BIS值35～45)有助于缓解术后应激反应、减少神经细胞损伤、降低血清兴奋性氨基酸含量、S-100β、NSE含量,是更为理想的七氟醚麻醉深度.     

The process of reflection: A principle‐based concept analysis

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the concept reflection as a process using a principle‐based method of analysis that acknowledges the philosophical premises of formal cognitive operations (experiencing, understanding, judging, and deciding) espoused by Bernard Lonergan. The aim is to understand how we think and process cognitively in reflection while developing consciousness in knowing. Using Lonergan's formal cognitive operations adds a philosophical perspective and structure to the concept. Fostering the enactment of reflection is a complex process, but it is vital for nursing science and disciplinary advancement.