From myth of marginality to portrayals of an addictive society: Reporting on addictions in the Finnish press (1968–2006)

This study uses a systematically collected dataset to explore and discuss how the coverage of addiction has changed in Finland's biggest daily, Helsingin Sanomat, during the period 1968–2006. Newspaper texts have been collected through systematic reading of 432 issues (N = 432) from sampled weeks with the main aim of investigating some general trends in the addiction reporting over time. The study consists of two main parts. First, based on a systematic reading the themes, formats and frequency of addiction reporting were examined. In the second stage, a content analysis was conducted on a corpus of texts on addiction (n = 200) selected with the main criteria of dealing with “continous problematic repetitive behavior” that is related to excessive alcohol use, drug intake, tobacco use, compulsive eating, gambling, and sexual behavior. Variables to be analyzed are (1) type of addiction dealt with, (2) who is the addict, and (3) view(s) on type of problem as portrayed in the text. The results from the study show that the addiction reporting starts out from being a more clear product of so called time-out culture (Jensen BK. 1995. The social semiotics of mass communication. London: SAGE Publications), reflecting on the extraordinary and describing marginality. In the end of the 1990s, the texts start to have another function as compulsive behaviors are seen as something more common, and described more often from the individual's perspective. At the same time, a general tabloidization is putting its marks on the form and content of the addiction coverage.     

Alcohol,Tobacco, Illicit Drugs,and Sex: An Analysis of Risky Behaviors among Young Adults

The most critical unresolved issue associated with psychoanalysis is whether its core precepts belong in today's substance use armamentarium. Psychoanalytic theories have resisted the criterion of falsifiability, putting them at odds with the current paradigm for treating addiction. However, Freud's earliest pronouncement on the subject, “making the patient a collaborator in his own treatment” (i.e., therapeutic alliance) not only holds up to scientific scrutiny, but is a robust determinant in improving treatment outcomes. Psychoanalytic constructs today appear as conjectures, but recognition of the primacy of the collaborative therapeutic relationship is one example of how psychoanalytic observations have influenced current research.     

组蛋白修饰在酒精成瘾中的作用及机制

酒精是全世界最常用且已被公认的成瘾物质,随着我国经济的快速发展,与饮酒相关的健康问题和社会问题亦急剧增加。酒精成瘾是一种精神疾病,会对人体带来多方面的影响。本文从表观遗传学的角度介绍酒精成瘾对组蛋白修饰的作用及其机制,有助于读者了解酒精成瘾的发生机制以及与之相关的长期神经适应。     

Group marital therapy: A review

The demand for marital therapy has steadily increased as have divorce rates. Accompanying this phenomenon is the continual enquiry as to how clinicians can offer a cost-effective service for couples in distress. This paper reviews the area of group marital therapy indicating that this form of treatment is widely practised. Attention is given to the role of the therapist, the therapeutic factors operating in group marital therapy, indications and contra-indications and a brief evaluation of the research.     

A systematic review of IT for diabetes self-management: Are we there yet?

BackgroundRecent advances in information technology (IT) coupled with the increased ubiquitous nature of information technology (IT) present unique opportunities for improving diabetes self-management. The objective of this paper is to determine, in a systematic review, how IT has been used to improve self-management for adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe review covers articles extracted from relevant databases using search terms related information technology and diabetes self-management published after 1970 until August 2012. Additional articles were extracted using the citation map in Web of Science. Articles representing original research describing the use of IT as an enabler for self-management tasks performed by the patient are included in the final analysis.ResultsOverall, 74% of studies showed some form of added benefit, 13% articles showed no-significant value provided by IT, and 13% of articles did not clearly define the added benefit due to IT. Information technologies used included the Internet (47%), cellular phones (32%), telemedicine (12%), and decision support techniques (9%). Limitations and research gaps identified include usability, real-time feedback, integration with provider electronic medical record (EMR), as well as analytics and decision support capabilities.ConclusionThere is a distinct need for more comprehensive interventions, in which several technologies are integrated in order to be able to manage chronic conditions such as diabetes. Such IT interventions should be theoretically founded and should rely on principles of user-centered and socio-technical design in its planning, design and implementation. Moreover, the effectiveness of self-management systems should be assessed along multiple dimensions: motivation for self-management, long-term adherence, cost, adoption, satisfaction and outcomes as a final result.     

Epstein-Barr Virus–Related Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Transplant Recipients: A Case Series

Background

Solid organ transplantation is associated with a higher risk of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–related lymphoproliferative disease due to immunosuppressive regimen. Little evidence is currently available on post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) in the lung transplant (LuTx) setting, particularly in cystic fibrosis (CF) recipients.

Prevalence of Internet addiction and its association with social support and other related factors among adolescents in China

A cross-sectional study design was applied amongst a random sample (n = 10158) of Chinese adolescents. Self-completed questionnaires, including demographic characteristics, Internet use situation, Youth Internet Addiction Test, Youth Social Support Rating Scale and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale were utilized to examine the study objectives. Among the study population, the prevalence rate of Internet addiction was 10.4%, with 1038 (10.2%) moderately and 21 (0.2%) severely addicted to the Internet. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that a variety of related factors have significant effects on Internet addiction (parental control, per capita annual household income, academic performance, the access to Internet, online activities). The correlation coefficients showed that Internet addiction was negatively correlated with social support and positively associated with depression. Social support had a significant negative predictive effect on Internet addiction. The mediating effect of depression between social support and Internet addiction was remarkable.     

Barriers to Care and Unmet Needs for HIV-Positive Women Caring for Children

ABSTRACT

Grounded theory was used to explore barriers to care and unmet needs for HIV-positive women caring for children under 18 years of age. The main study group consisted of 40 HIV-positive women caring for children. There were 21 Latinas, 11 Euro-Americans, 6 African Americans, and 2 participants from other ethnic groups. In addition, 5 providers of HIV services were interviewed to ensure trustworthiness of the data. The main findings identify and discuss needs for: (1) mental health and addiction services, (2) a better understanding of professional and paraprofessional roles, (3) improved privacy and confidentiality, (4) improved cultural sensitivity, and (5) other support service gaps are outlined and discussed in this study.