前路减压内固定结合中药治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨应用颈前路椎体次全切钛网植骨钢板内固定结合中药治疗相邻二节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法回顾性分析47例采取颈前路椎体次全切钛网植骨钢板内固定脊髓型颈椎病患者资料。对照组行手术治疗,治疗组术后结合中药治疗,观察并比较其近期疗效。结果所有患者均随访6-24个月。术后椎间高度及生理曲度维持良好。按JOA评分术前及随访时改善率评定疗效,术后6月,治疗组临床疗效均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论应用颈前路椎体次全切钛网植骨钢板内固定、结合中药治疗脊髓型颈椎病,减压彻底、术后恢复理想、疗效满意。     

非手术脊柱减压系统对腰椎间盘突出症患者腰椎旁肌表面肌电信号的影响

目的 探讨非手术脊柱减压系统（SDS）对腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）患者腰椎旁肌表面肌电信号的影响。 方法 选取12例磁共振检查诊断为L4-5椎间盘突出症的患者,依入院顺序按随机数字表法分为SDS组和对照组,每组6例,分别行单次SDS治疗和腰椎牵引治疗。分别于治疗前、治疗中和治疗后,采用表面肌电记录2组患者椎旁肌的平均肌电（AEMG）值并进行统计学分析比较。 结果 治疗前,SDS组患者右竖脊肌、左竖脊肌、右多裂肌和左多裂肌的AEMG值分别为（2.222±0.194）μV、（1.802±0.138）μV、（1.893±0.196）μV和（1.925±0.152）μV,对照组的AEMG值依次为（7.128±1.476）μV、（7.559±2.119）μV、（6.375±1.728）μV和（5.163±1.011）μV,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗过程中,SDS组右竖脊肌、右多裂肌的AEMG值分别为（2.343±0.286）μV和（1.792±0.165）μV,对照组依次为（8.779±1.680）μV和（11.921±5.490）μV,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。治疗后,SDS组右竖脊肌和右多裂肌的AEMG值分别为（2.242±0.276）μV和（1.840±0.142）μV,对照组依次为（9.168±2.266）μV和（9.091±3.413）μV,组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论 与单次腰椎牵引相比,单次SDS治疗能明显降低患者腰椎旁肌的紧张度,减轻肌肉疲劳。     

Orbital Decompression for the Treatment of Spontaneous Globe Luxations

Aims: To describe the results of orbital decompression in patients with spontaneous globe luxations and to evaluate predisposing factors for this condition.

Methods: The clinical records of patients who underwent orbital decompression for the treatment of spontaneous globe luxations between 2010 and 2013 were reviewed. Data collected were age, gender, predisposing factors, preoperative and postoperative exophthalmometry, duration of follow-up, presence of diplopia before and after surgery and intra- and postoperative complications.

Results: Seven patients underwent orbital decompression after spontaneous globe luxation during the study period. Six patients underwent bilateral decompression. Two patients underwent a three-wall decompression, four of them medial and lateral decompression and one patient medial decompression. The predisposing factors for globe luxation were Graves’ orbitopathy, malar hypoplasia, high myopia, floppy eyelid syndrome and orbital fat hypertrophy in the context of obesity. After orbital decompression, none of the patients reported new globe luxations. No intraoperative complications were observed. None of the patients developed de novo diplopia.

Discussion: Orbital decompression is an effective method for the prevention of new episodes in patients with spontaneous globe luxations. It has good aesthetic and functional results and addresses the exophthalmos present in most cases.     

微血管减压术治疗颅神经根疾病152例临床分析

目的：探讨微血管减压术治疗颅神经根疾病三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛、舌咽神经痛手术方法、特点。方法分析152例颅神经疾病患者,包括原发性三叉神经痛81例,面肌痉挛69例,舌咽神经痛2例的手术方法及并发症。结果原发性三叉神经痛手术有效率为91.36%;面肌痉挛手术效率为89.86%;舌咽神经痛2例,术后均取得满意效果。结论微血管减压手术是有效的,但风险大,良好的手术策略对于提高手术疗效具有重要意义。     

主动加压减压心肺复苏对心跳骤停患者有效性的Meta分析

目的系统性评价主动加压减压心肺复苏(ACD-CPR)对心跳骤停患者的有效性。方法利用Pubmed、Web of Science、COCHRANE LIBRARY、WanFang Data和CNKI Data等数据库检索建库至2020年1月的相关文献;严格按照纳入标准筛选文献、提取资料,应用Review Manager 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10项随机对照研究,包括1612例患者。ACDCPR组与标准心肺复苏(S-CPR)组的总自主循环恢复率、院内自主循环恢复率、总24 h存活率、院外24 h存活率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);两组院外自主循环恢复率、院内24 h存活率、收住入院率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论主动加压减压心肺复苏与标准心肺复苏相比具有一定优势。     

关木通致急性肾小管坏死患者肾间质微血管病变的研究

目的探讨肾间质微血管病变在关木通致急性肾小管坏死肾间质纤维化中的作用及发生机制。方法取4例关木通致急性肾小管坏死患者(A组)、5例抗生素致急性肾小管坏死患者(B组)、5例非IgA型轻度系膜增生性肾小球肾炎患者(C组)肾活检标本,免疫组化SP法观察肾小管上皮血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达及肾小管周围毛细血管(PTC)密度及形态改变,电镜观察微血管内皮细胞和基底膜的结构变化。结果(1)A组PTC数目明显少于B组及C组(P<0.01),并可见管腔扩张变形或缩小、血管壁断裂。(2)A组电镜见PTC内皮细胞肿胀,有胞质空泡、致密颗粒,细胞局部与基底膜分离。基底膜有皱缩及增厚。(3)A组肾小管上皮VEGF表达明显少于B组,但2组VEGF表达均多于C组。(4)A、B组PTC密度与肾小管VEGF表达呈正相关(均r=0.793,P<0.01),与肾小管上皮再生呈正相关(r分别为0.880、0.802,P值均小于0.01)。结论关木通致急性肾小管坏死存在原发性肾间质微血管损伤,肾小管VEGF低表达可能参与了损伤过程。关木通致急性肾小管坏死中的微血管病变可能是肾小管中毒性损伤后修复不良及病变慢性化进展的原因之一。     

Pancreatic B-cell function in relation to diabetic retinopathy in Asian Indian NIDDM patients

Summary Pancreatic B-cell function in relation to diabetic retinopathy was studied in 195 NIDDM patients with long-standing diabetes. Background diabetic retinopathy (BDR) was present in 95 (48.7%) and proliferative retinopathy (PDR) in 17 (8.7%) of the subjects. There was no significant difference between the BDR, PDR, and non-retinopathy groups with respect to age, age at diagnosis of diabetes and HbA₁ values. Mean duration of diabetes was higher in the PDR group (p<0.05). Serum C-peptide values showed no correlation with the presence of retinopathy or with the duration of diabetes. The C-peptide values were widely scattered in patients with BDR and PDR showing no association between pancreatic B-cell reserve and occurrence or severity of retinopathy in NIDDM patients. Thus, decreased pancreatic B-cell reserve does not appear to be a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in NIDDM patients.     

Impact of different topical negative pressure levels on myocardial microvascular blood flow

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that a myocardial topical negative pressure (TNP) of -50 mmHg significantly increases microvascular blood flow in the underlying myocardium in normal, ischemic, and reperfused porcine myocardium. The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of different TNP levels between -50 and -150 mmHg on microvascular flow in normal and ischemic myocardium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven pigs underwent median sternotomy. The microvascular blood flow in the myocardium was recorded, before and after the application of TNP, using laser Doppler velocimetry. Analyses were performed before left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion (normal myocardium) and after 20 min of LAD occlusion (ischemic myocardium). RESULTS: A TNP of -50 mmHg significantly increased microvascular blood flow in both normal (from 320.0+/-56.1 PU before TNP application to 435.7+/-65.5 PU after TNP application, P=.028) and ischemic myocardium (from 110.0+/-36.7 PU before TNP application to 194.3+/-56.2 PU after TNP application, P=.012). TNP between -75 and -150 mmHg showed no significant increase in microvascular blood flow in normal or ischemic myocardium. CONCLUSIONS: Of pressures between -50 and -150 mmHg, a TNP of -50 mmHg seems to be the most effective negative pressure concerning significant increase in microvascular blood flow in both normal and ischemic myocardium.