改良式颈前路椎间盘切除减压融合术治疗退变性颈椎后凸患者的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨颈前路经椎间隙扩大减压融合术（anterior trans-intervertebral space decompression and fusion,ATIDF）治疗退变性颈椎后凸患者的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2017年6月～2019年6月在我科接受ATIDF手术治疗的65例退变性颈椎后凸患者的临床资料。其中男性37例,女性28例;年龄63.4±11.2岁（35～85岁）,病程18.2±8.4个月（4~28个月）。接受两节段ATIDF患者16例（C3~C5 7例、C4~C6 9例）,三节段ATIDF患者38例（C3~C6 18例、C4~C7 20例）,四节段ATIDF（C3~C7）患者11例。纳入患者中僵硬型后凸患者35例（53.85%）,柔韧性后凸患者30例（46.15%）;僵硬型后凸患者在减压时均采用了部分钩椎关节切除。分别于术前、术后第2天及末次随访时采用日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA）评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（neck disability index,NDI）及疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）对患者的神经功能和疼痛情况进行评估;拍摄颈椎正侧位及动力位X线片评价颈椎曲度（C2~C7 Cobb角）、手术节段Cobb角、手术节段椎间隙高度、C2~C7矢状位轴向垂直距离（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）,并计算后凸的矫正率。采用颈椎MRI平扫和CT评估患者神经减压情况和植骨融合情况。记录纳入患者随访期间相关并发症出现情况。结果：纳入患者随访时间为33.5±5.4个月（24~50个月）。手术时间为158.2±31.4min（105~215min）,术中出血量为117.6±36.3ml（65~200ml）。纳入患者均取得了满意的神经功能改善,术后和末次随访时JOA评分、NDI和VAS评分均较术前明显改善（P＜0.05）。所有纳入患者术后颈椎后凸角度均取得一定程度的改善,后凸矫正率为147.43%。术后第2天和末次随访时C2~C7 Cobb角、手术节段局部Cobb角较术前明显增加（P＜0.05）,SVA较术前明显改善（P＜0.05）。手术节段的平均椎间隙高度从术前的2.14±1.53mm增加至术后第2天的5.94±3.11m（P=0.001),末次随访时为5.36±2.47mm（P=0.001)。随访期间有8例（12.31%）患者出现颈部轴性症状,术后第2天有33例（50.77%）患者主诉吞咽困难,3例（4.62%）患者出现C5神经根麻痹,经对症处理后均改善。结论：ATIDF治疗退变性颈椎后凸可取得满意的临床疗效和后凸矫正,对于存在严重椎间隙狭窄、钩椎关节增生的僵硬型颈椎后凸具有良好的矫形和减压作用。     

高龄腰椎管狭窄症患者的手术方式选择及疗效

目的 :探讨高龄腰椎管狭窄症患者的手术方式选择及其疗效。方法 :回顾分析2012年3月~2015年3月在我院行手术治疗并获得至少1年随访的39例80岁以上腰椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料,男21例,女18例;年龄80~90岁(82.4±3.1岁)。术前13例伴有一种合并症,12例伴有两种或两种以上合并症。按相关科室会诊意见处理合并疾病,应用美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)体格状态分级评估患者可耐受全麻下手术。12例根性疼痛和间歇性跛行症状为主、无明显腰椎不稳者,采用椎板开窗减压术(单纯减压组);27例明确存在腰椎不稳/腰椎滑脱或术中需要手术切除小关节突、椎板范围较大发生继发性不稳者采用经椎间孔入路椎间融合内固定术(TLIF)(融合内固定组)。采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)评估手术的临床疗效。结果:39例患者均完成手术。12例患者发生围手术期并发症,单纯减压组3例(肺炎1例,尿路感染1例,肺炎合并术后贫血1例),融合内固定组9例(肺炎3例,硬膜撕裂、尿潴留、心律失常、术后贫血、术后认知功能障碍各1例,尿路感染合并认知功能障碍1例),均经保守治疗后好转;无围手术期死亡病例。单纯减压组JOA评分由术前的10.8±2.3分改善至末次随访时的19.0±4.8分,融合内固定组JOA评分由术前的11.8±2.2分改善至末次随访时的21.8±3.4分,两组患者末次随访时与术前比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者末次随访时的腰痛和腿痛VAS评分(单纯减压组3.2±1.7分和3.5±2.1分,融合内固定组3.0±1.2分和2.9±1.2分)与术前(单纯减压组7.4±0.9分和7.8±1.0分,融合内固定组7.4±1.7分和7.7±1.1分)比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 :对于高龄退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者,术前充分评估患者全身状况,积极处理合并疾病后,根据临床症状、体征及影像学资料,确定责任节段及致病因素,合理选择手术方式,可获得满意的疗效。     

Pancreaticoduodenectomy after placement of endobiliary metal stents

Contemporary treatment programs for patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer often involve preoperative therapy. When the duration of preoperative therapy exceeds 2 months, the risk of plastic endobiliary stent occlusion increases. Metal stents have much better patency but may complicate subsequent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We evaluated rates of perioperative morbidity, mortality, and stent complications in 272 consecutive patients who underwent PD at our institution from May 2001 to November 2004. Of these 272 patients, 29 (11%) underwent PD after placement of a metal stent, 141 underwent PD after placement of a plastic stent, 10 had PD after biliary bypass without stenting, and 92 had PD without any form of biliary decompression. No differences were found between the Metal Stent group and all other patients in median operative time, intraoperative blood loss, or length of hospital stay. No perioperative deaths occurred in the Metal Stent group versus 3 (1.2%) deaths in the other 243 patients. The incidence of major perioperative complications was similar between the two groups, including the rates of pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal abscess, and wound infection. Furthermore, there were no differences in the perioperative morbidity or mortality rates between patients who underwent preoperative biliary decompression with a stent of any kind (metal or plastic) and those patients who underwent no biliary decompression at all. Metal stent-related complications occurred in 2 (7%) of 29 patients during a median preoperative interval of 4.1 months; in contrast, 75 (45%) of the 166 patients who had had plastic stents experienced complications, including 98 stent occlusions, during a median preoperative interval of 3.9 months (P < 0.001). We conclude that the use of expandable metal stents does not increase PD-associated perioperative morbidity or mortality, and as such an expandable metal stent is our preferred method of biliary decompression in patients with symptomatic malignant distal bile duct obstruction in whom surgery is not anticipated, or in whom there is a significant delay in the time to surgery. Presented at the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Chicago, Illinois, May 14–18, 2005 (oral presentation). Supported by the Lockton Fund for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.     

食管癌术后应用逆行胃肠减压管与十二指肠营养管的护理体会

目的改进传统经鼻置入胃肠减压管和十二指肠营养管的方法,总结食管癌根治术后病人应用逆行胃肠减压管和十二指肠营养管的临床护理经验。方法采用常规根治性外科手术,行胃代食管弓下或弓上吻合术,于胃窦部前壁戳孔置入自制胃肠减压管和十二指肠营养管。两管汇合部于胃壁处作荷包包埋处理,大网膜包绕后经左侧肋弓下腹壁穿出固定。对食管癌术后应用逆行胃肠减压管和十二指肠营养管患者实施心理护理、常规护理及术后恢复指导等综合护理措施。结果84例患者中无一例发生胃肠潴留和／或吻合口瘘、肺部感染、管周皮肤严重损害等相关并发症;拔管后无局限性腹膜炎或瘘口迁延不愈。由于术后合理护理,减少了患者恐惧与术后不适,术后无严重并发症发生,精神状态良好,生活质量得以改善。结论使用逆行胃肠减压管和十二指肠营养管置入方式,克服了传统置管的不适,操作简便、安全可靠、易于实施。加强术后护理,可减少术后并发症,明显提高患者的生活质量。     

Treatment of herniated lumbar disc by percutaneous laser disc decompression combined with synchronous suction technique through syringe

Objective： To compare the outcomes of percutaneous laser disc decompression （PLDD） and PLDD with synchronous suction through syringe in the patients with herniated lumbar disc（HLD）. Methods： Forty-two patients with HLD on MRI and those who did not respond to conservative treatment for 6 weeks were randomly divided into group A and group B. In group A, the patients were treated with PLDD and those in group B with PLDD and synchronous suction through syringe. GaAIAS diode laser at 810 nm was used for the ablation in both groups. The treatment effect was evaluated by modified MacNab＇s criteria on the 7^th, 30^th and 90^th day. Results： Evaluated by modified MacNab＇s criteria, the percentages of the excellent and good cases in total patients treated for group B and A were 80.95% and 57.14% on the 7^th follow-up day, 85.71% and 66.67% on the 30^th follow-up day, and 95.24% and 71.43% on the 90^th follow-up day, respectively. Conclusion： Synchronous suction technique through syringe during PLDD improves the overall outcome in the treatment of herniated lumbar disc.     

微创食管癌根治术后早期去除胃肠减压管的临床观察

目的 观察微创食管癌根治术后早期去除胃肠减压管对胃肠功能恢复的影响及并发症发生情况,探讨微创食管癌根治术后早期去除胃肠减压管的可行性及安全性.方法 行微创食管癌根治术的胸段食管癌患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,分别于术后第2、7天去除胃肠减压管.比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、首次排气时间及排便时...     

经后路不同减压术在胸腰椎爆裂性骨折治疗中的效果比较

目的：探讨经后路不同减压术在胸腰椎爆裂性骨折治疗中的临床价值。方法：将2012年1月-2013年3月本院收治的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者84例按不同治疗方法分为试验组和对照组,每组各42例,试验组在常规治疗基础上采取后路固定间接减压术,对照组在常规治疗基础上采取后路固定直接减压术,综合比较两组治疗效果。结果：两组术后椎体高度比、椎管占位率及Cobb角均有较大改善,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但两组术后比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;试验组独立生活率达66.67%,ASIA评级改善率达50.00%,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：间接减压术与直接减压术疗效相当,但间接减压术并发症较少、独立生活率高及神经功能改善较好,值得作为临床首选术式。     

前路减压钛网重建脊柱治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的:探讨前路减压、钛网重建脊柱和内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的手术方法及其临床疗效。方法:对因胸腰椎爆裂性骨折治疗且行前路减压钛网重建脊柱的方法治疗的患者32例的手术方法、疗效和随访记录等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:32例患者均顺利的完成手术,均进行钛网植骨重建脊柱。患者融合节段的平均凸度角为5.0°,矫正率达到92%。对患者在术后进行X线和CT复查,椎管减压非常彻底,椎体的复位情况非常良好。术后对患者进行随访,随访时间为10～15个月,在随访期间,2例患者的钛网内置物出现轻微的松动和移位,但患者没有具体的临床表现,其余患者都达到骨性融合的效果,神经功能均有不同程度的恢复。结论:对胸腰椎爆裂性骨折行前路减压钛网重建脊柱治疗能够很好的恢复患者脊柱的正常生理结构,重建脊柱的稳定性,患者术后神经功能的恢复效果比较显著,手术安全可靠,具有很强的临床应用价值。     

低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年6月在该院行低位直肠癌前切除术的158例患者的临床资料,对患者临床特征及治疗因素行单变量和多变量的相关性分析.结果 吻合口漏的总发病率为5.7%(9/158).单因素分析显示患者年龄、性别、BMI、术前合并疾病、肿瘤分期、部位、病理类型、术前有无肠梗阻、手术方式(腹腔镜与开腹手术)与术后吻合口漏发生率无显著相关性(P>0.05).预防性回肠造口术不影响吻合口漏的发生率(P=0.694).术后放置经肛直肠减压管可降低吻合口漏的发生率(P=0.047).单变量及多变量分析显示术后腹泻是吻合口漏发生的独立危险因素(OR=10.522,P=0.001).结论 术后早期腹泻是低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生的独立危险因素.术后放置经肛直肠减压管可降低吻合口漏的发生率.     

氟骨症性椎管狭窄的影像学表现及手术治疗

氟骨症是由于在高氟环境中生活而引起慢性氟中毒所形成的一系列骨关节等损害性疾病,其中黄韧带骨化是引起胸腰椎管狭窄的主要原因。影像学表现是诊断氟中毒性脊髓压迫症的重要依据,也是确定治疗过程中手术部位的重要依据。本病保守治疗无效,一般采用后路或旁路椎板切除减压术。