The accuracy of using last menstrual period to determine gestational age for first trimester medication abortion: a systematic review

Objective

We sought to evaluate the accuracy of assessing gestational age (GA) prior to first trimester medication abortion using last menstrual period (LMP) compared to ultrasound (U/S).

Study Design

We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases through October 2013 for peer-reviewed articles comparing LMP to U/S for GA dating in abortion care. Two teams of investigators independently evaluated data using standard abstraction forms. The US Preventive Services Task Force and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guidelines were used to assess quality.

Results

Of 318 articles identified, 5 met inclusion criteria. Three studies reported that 2.5–11.8% of women were eligible for medication abortion by LMP and ineligible by U/S. The number of women who underestimated GA using LMP compared to U/S ranged from 1.8 to 14.8%, with lower rates found when the sample was limited to a GA < 63 days. Most women (90.5–99.1%) knew their LMP, 70.8–90.5% with certainty.

Conclusion

Our results support that LMP can be used to assess GA prior to medication abortion at GA < 63 days. Further research looking at patient outcomes and identifying women eligible for medication abortion by LMP but ineligible by U/S is needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of providing medication abortion using LMP alone to determine GA.     

女性尘肺病及观察对象胸膜病变患者月经情况调查

目的了解女性尘肺病及观察对象胸膜病变患者月经的情况,为保护该人群的健康提供依据。方法对53例女性尘肺病及观察对象胸膜病变患者(简称接尘组)的月经情况进行回顾性调查。结果接尘组月经总异常率较高,为62.26%,且以月经失调、经前紧张综合征为主要表现,月经失调、经前期综合征检出率分别为9.43%、13.21%,均高于对照组。两组比较,以上3项差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论女性接尘组的月经异常发生情况较对照组明显,有关部门应予以重视。     

Epidemiological and clinical aspects of migraine in users of combined oral contraceptives

Background

Migraine was assessed in users of combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

Study Design

This study had a cross-sectional design. Women with headaches were evaluated according to International Headache Society criteria and subsequently allocated to a “migraine” or “non-migraine” group.

Results

Migraine was detected in 80/480 women (16.6%), while other types of headache not classified as migraine were observed in 400 women (83.4%). Following COC use, headaches worsened in 32.5% and 19.3% [odds ratio (OR)=3.02; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.68-5.4] and improved in 30% and 13.8% (OR=3.9; 95% CI=2.12-7.18) of the “migraine” and “non-migraine” groups, respectively. In the migraine group only, headache episodes occurred predominantly during or around the hormone-free interval (OR=2.05; 95% CI=1.26-3.35). The combination of ethinylestradiol (EE) and drospirenone (DRS) was significantly associated with an improvement in the frequency and/or intensity of migraine-type headaches, compared with other types of COCs.

Conclusions

The prevalence of migraine in COC users appears similar to that found in the general population. Migraines, but not other types of headache, were significantly affected by COCs. The EE/DRS combination was associated with a greater likelihood of improvement in migraine compared with other types of COCs.     

Menstruation: choosing whether...and when

For many women in the United States, menstruation is a major health concern because menstrual disorders and other conditions that may be aggravated during menses (e.g., migraine headaches, epilepsy) carry substantial morbidity. Women today menstruate nearly 3 times as often as in primitive societies, and evidence suggests that frequent, repetitive menstrual cycles may increase health risks. Because the conventional 21/7 combination oral contraceptive (OC) regimen provides only limited relief for women with menstrual disorders, alternative OC regimens that reduce menstrual frequency have been proposed. A new OC formulation specifically designed to decrease menstrual bleeding to 4 times per year is currently under investigation. Most women welcome less frequent menses or even amenorrhea. Women who may derive particular benefit from reduced menstrual frequency include not only those with medical conditions directly caused or aggravated by menses, but also those serving in the military, female athletes, mentally-retarded women with menstrual hygiene problems, young teens, and perimenopausal women.     

接触激素药尘对女工健康的影响

目的　探讨激素药尘对女工健康的影响。方法　进行现场卫生学调查并对 67名女工和 5 5名对照女工进行体格检查。结果　药尘作业女工体内激素水平发生明显变化 ,出现生理改变和临床症状。结论　该作业有一定的职业危害 ,应提出相应防护措施。     

1 056例皮下埋植避孕剂取出原因分析

目的：探讨皮下埋植避孕剂取出原因与取出年龄和放置时间的关系。方法：对1994年1月—2014年12月在本所门诊取出皮下埋植避孕剂的1 056例育龄妇女进行取出原因分析,比较不同取出年龄段及不同放置时间的因症取出原因的构成比。结果：1 056例皮下埋植避孕剂取出人群中,539例期满取出,395例因月经异常取出,97例因除月经外其他不适取出,23例因计划妊娠或改用其他避孕方法取出,2例在有效期内避孕失败取出。皮下埋植避孕剂取出原因构成比在不同取出年龄组中差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,在不同放置时间组中差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;其中不同取出年龄和放置时间组中,月经异常和头痛、痤疮等其他症状的构成比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,计划妊娠或改用其他避孕方法的构成比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：皮下埋植避孕剂是持久、高效、简便的避孕方法,月经异常和头痛、痤疮等症状是不同年龄段和放置时间皮下埋植避孕剂取出的主要原因。     

补肾活血组方对人流术后月经过少的临床观察

目的探究补肾活血组方对人流术后月经过少的临床疗效。方法将90例人流术后月经过少患者随机分为两组,观察组给予补肾活血组方治疗,对照组给予常规治疗,对比两组疗效。结果观察组有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,观察组行经时间显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组子宫内膜厚度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论人流术后月经过少患者经补肾活血法治疗,可有效促进月经恢复,疗效显著。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者心理健康状况研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄妇女最常见的内分泌疾病,占无排卵性不孕的70%～80%。PCOS是一种具有高度异质性的内分泌及代谢性疾病,临床表现呈现多样性,至今病因未明,心理因素对于PCOS的发生和发展起着重要的作用。国内外多项研究表明,PCOS患者较正常人存在明显的抑郁、焦虑等心理障碍,同时这些心理问题又能加重内分泌功能失调,进一步导致PCOS病情的发展。因此,临床上制定有关治疗、预防PCOS的策略及具体实施方案时,应重视心理社会因素的作用,以利对患者综合全面地治疗,提高其生活质量。     

曼月乐节育环对子宫腺肌病患者月经模式和性生活质量影响的临床研究

目的探讨曼月乐节育环治疗子宫腺肌病后对患者的月经模式和性生活质量的影响。方法选择2009年8月至2009年12月子宫腺肌病放置曼月乐节育环的患者56例,采用月经失血图法,痛经评分法,国际女性性功能评估量表评价患者治疗前、治疗后1、3、6、9、12个月月经模式、子宫体积和性功能情况。结果53例患者顺利完成随访,随访率94．6％。56例子宫腺肌病患者在放置曼月乐环后3、6、9、12个月痛经程度较放置曼月乐前减轻[放置前：（3．15±0．91）分;放置后：（1．41±0．51）分,（0．22±0．09）分,（0．07±0．01）分,0分,P〈0．05）],月经量减少[放置前：（12．0±57．5）分;放置后：（71±23．1）分,（29±19．4）分,（18±10．5）分,（10±4．7）分,P〈0．05];治疗1个月性功能各项指标均无明显改善（P〉0．05）,治疗3个月后仅D2指标有明显改善（P〈0．05）,治疗6个月后性功能各项指标均有改善（P〈0．05～0．01）。结论曼月乐节育环对子宫腺肌病患者的月经模式和性功能恢复疗效好。     

哺乳期妇女应用醋酸甲羟孕酮长效避孕针临床效果观察

目的:观察醋酸甲羟孕酮长效避孕针(DMPA)在哺乳期妇女的使用效果。方法:经知情选择,自愿采用DMPA避孕,无禁忌证的哺乳期妇女252例,深部肌肉注射DMPA 150mg,3个月1次,以90天为1个观察周期,统计其避孕效果、乳量改变情况、月经及副反应。结果:①经3228个妇女月的观察,无一例妊娠,有效率达100％;②前3个观察周期,乳量增多比例明显增加,分别为20.9％、57.7％、61.1％;③用药后普遍存在闭经、出血反应,以点滴出血为主,随观察周期的增加,出血反应减少。结论:哺乳期妇女使用DMPA即能及时,完全避孕,又能增加乳量,提高母乳喂养率,且副反应小。是值得推广的哺乳期避孕方法。