Maladie de Parkinson : une maladie à forte composante environnementale ?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common cause of the parkinsonian syndromes and the most frequent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. Only a minority of PD cases is due to a single factor, in particular a genetic mutation. In the large majority of cases, it is considered that PD is a complex or multifactorial disease that results from the effect of multiple risk or protective factors, either genetic or environmental, and, possibly, from their interaction. Epidemiological studies, through a variety of approaches, have brought important evidence in favour of the contribution of environmental factors to the etiology of PD. In this review, we will present current evidence by focusing on specific illustrative examples.     

Polyarthrite chronique et tuberculose

Tuberculosis may be difficult to diagnose because its presentation may be very misleading. Here is a report of Poncet's disease, which occurred in a 61-year-old man, and revealed recurrence of tuberculosis (pulmonary and spinal) 12 years after first episode. The patient recovered from his rheumatism with antibiotherapy against TB. Poncet's disease is a chronic rheumatism, in reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can occur even if the infection is in a latent form. Practitioners must know this disease, even if it's rare: tuberculosis is a differential diagnosis of chronic polyarthritis, especially in patients with risk factors.