U-74006F对猫脊髓创伤后运动诱发电位及下肢功能的影响

目的：观察７４００６Ｆ对猫脊髓损伤后运动诱发电位（Ｍｏｔｏｒ ｅｖｏｋｅｄ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｓ简称ＭＥＰ）及下肢功能的影响。方法 采用静脉内注射非甾体类２１氨基类固醇Ｕ－７４００６Ｆ（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。结果 显示Ｕ－７４００６Ｆ组中ＭＥＰ及下肢功能恢复均较好,Ｕ－７４６００Ｆ可以阻止脊髓伤后ＭＥＰ波幅下降。结论：Ｕ－７４００６Ｆ通过其抗氧化作用,减轻脊髓伤后继发性损害,促进脊髓功能恢复。     

加味二至胶囊对大鼠复合型脂肪肝的调脂保肝作用

目的：研究加味二至胶囊对大鼠复合型脂肪肝的调脂保肝作用。方法：采用高脂饲料、酒精及四氯化碳复制大鼠复合型脂肪肝模型,实验分为空白对照组、模型组、加味二至胶囊高剂量组（MEP1）、加味二至胶囊中剂量组（MEP2）、加味二至胶囊低剂量组（MEP3）及东宝肝泰组（DB）,然后测定各组肝脏指数,血清脂质TC、TG、HDL及LDL含量,测定血清ALT及AST含量,肝匀浆中游离脂肪酸、SOD及MDA含量。结果：模型组大鼠肝脏指数,血清脂质TC、TG、LDL,血清转氨酶ALT、AST含量较空白对照组明显升高,HDL较空白对照组显著降低;与空白对照组相比模型组大鼠SOD活性显著降低,MDA含量显著升高。与模型组相比各治疗组肝脏指数,血清脂质TC、TG、LDL,血清转氨酶ALT、AST含量均显著降低,HDL含量显著升高。与模型组相比,各治疗组SOD活性显著提高,MDA含量明显降低。结论：加味二至胶囊具有较好的降脂保肝作用,其作用机制可能与提高抗氧化能力有关。     

Reduced motor cortical inhibition in migraine: A blinded transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Objective

To investigate motor cortical excitability, inhibition, and facilitation with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in migraine in a blinded cross-sectional study.

A Novel Model Incorporating Two Variability Sources for Describing Motor Evoked Potentials

ObjectiveMotor evoked potentials (MEPs) play a pivotal role in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), e.g., for determining the motor threshold and probing cortical excitability. Sampled across the range of stimulation strengths, MEPs outline an input–output (IO) curve, which is often used to characterize the corticospinal tract. More detailed understanding of the signal generation and variability of MEPs would provide insight into the underlying physiology and aid correct statistical treatment of MEP data.MethodsA novel regression model is tested using measured IO data of twelve subjects. The model splits MEP variability into two independent contributions, acting on both sides of a strong sigmoidal nonlinearity that represents neural recruitment. Traditional sigmoidal regression with a single variability source after the nonlinearity is used for comparison.ResultsThe distribution of MEP amplitudes varied across different stimulation strengths, violating statistical assumptions in traditional regression models. In contrast to the conventional regression model, the dual variability source model better described the IO characteristics including phenomena such as changing distribution spread and skewness along the IO curve.ConclusionsMEP variability is best described by two sources that most likely separate variability in the initial excitation process from effects occurring later on. The new model enables more accurate and sensitive estimation of the IO curve characteristics, enhancing its power as a detection tool, and may apply to other brain stimulation modalities. Furthermore, it extracts new information from the IO data concerning the neural variability—information that has previously been treated as noise.     

Rotational field TMS: Comparison with conventional TMS based on motor evoked potentials and thresholds in the hand and leg motor cortices

BackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a rapidly expanding technology utilized in research and neuropsychiatric treatments. Yet, conventional TMS configurations affect primarily neurons that are aligned parallel to the induced electric field by a fixed coil, making the activation orientation-specific. A novel method termed rotational field TMS (rfTMS), where two orthogonal coils are operated with a 90° phase shift, produces rotation of the electric field vector over almost a complete cycle, and may stimulate larger portion of the neuronal population within a given brain area.ObjectiveTo compare the physiological effects of rfTMS and conventional unidirectional TMS (udTMS) in the motor cortex.MethodsHand and leg resting motor thresholds (rMT), and motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes and latencies (at 120% of rMT), were measured using a dual-coil array based on the H7-coil, in 8 healthy volunteers following stimulation at different orientations of either udTMS or rfTMS.ResultsFor both target areas rfTMS produced significantly lower rMTs and much higher MEPs than those induced by udTMS, for comparable induced electric field amplitude. Both hand and leg rMTs were orientation-dependent.ConclusionsrfTMS induces stronger physiologic effects in targeted brain regions at significantly lower intensities. Importantly, given the activation of a much larger population of neurons within a certain brain area, repeated application of rfTMS may induce different neuroplastic effects in neural networks, opening novel research and clinical opportunities.     

以强直症状为主的帕金森病患者运动诱发电位阈值研究

目的 :研究以强直症状为主的帕金森病 (PD)患者运动皮质的兴奋性是否增高。方法 :选取一组以强直症状为主的PD患者与一组年龄、性别匹配的正常人对照 ,分别测定其静息、易化状态时的运动诱发电位的阈值 ,并进行比较。结果 :以强直症状为主的帕金森病患者运动诱发电位阈值较正常组为低 ,并且没有明显的易化现象。结论 :以强直症状为主的帕金森病患者运动皮质的兴奋性增高     

40例脑血管疾病患者中枢运动神经系统功能测定

利用经皮电刺激大脑皮层及脊髓的运动诱发电位(MEP)新技术,对40例脑出血与脑梗塞住院患者的中枢运动神经系统功能进行了测定。结果表明,本组患者的异常率达95%,异常形式为阻滞、延迟和波幅降低。提示MEP技术可做为脑血管疾病患者中枢运动神经系统功能判别的一项客观检查手段。     

The Brain Electrophysiological recording & STimulation (BEST) toolbox

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) experiments involve many recurring procedures that are not sufficiently standardized in the community. Given the diversity in experimental design and experience of the investigators, automated but yet flexible data collection and analysis tools are needed to increase objectivity, reliability, and reproducibility of NIBS experiments. The Brain Electrophysiological recording and STimulation (BEST) Toolbox is a MATLAB-based, open-source software with graphical user interface that allows users to design, run, and share freely configurable multi-protocol, multi-session NIBS studies, including transcranial magnetic, electric, and ultrasound stimulation (TMS, tES, TUS). Interfacing with a variety of recording and stimulation devices, the BEST toolbox analyzes EMG and EEG data, and configures stimulation parameters on-the-fly to facilitate closed-loop protocols and real-time applications. Its functionality is continuously expanded and includes e.g., TMS motor hotspot search, threshold estimation, motor evoked potential (MEP) and TMS-evoked EEG potential (TEP) measurements, dose-response curves, paired-pulse and dual-coil TMS, rTMS interventions.     

脊髓半切动物模型的制作及SEP和MEP监测

目的:研究可靠的脊髓半切动物模型的制作方法和损伤后SEP和MEP的变化。方法:选用30只SD雄性大鼠.随机分成3 组,正常对照组、假手术组和脊髓半切组各10只。脊髓半切在手术显微镜下进行。脊髓半切分3步:定位中线、脊髓横旋切和确认半切。脊髓半切后2 h进行SEP和MEP检查,动物完全清醒后进行患侧后肢运动功能评价。结果:所有动物均成功进行脊髓半切, 脊髓半切侧的下肢完全瘫痪,对侧下肢受影响不明显。动物清醒后能自行排尿,无腹胀、血尿等。完全半切侧检验不到MEP和SEP;而未损伤侧的MEP波幅稍有下降,但与正常对照组和假手术组相比差异无统计学意义;未损伤侧与正常组、假手术组之间的MEP潜伏期以及SEP潜伏期和波幅的差异也无统计学意义。结论:脊髓半切的"三步法"准确而完全,是制作该动物模型简单有效的方法。MEP可能比SEP更敏感和可靠,更适合用于脊髓半切后半切是否完全和准确以及脊髓功能的客观判定指标之一。