南宁市某高校大学生的手机依赖情况及其影响因素分析

目的 了解大学生的手机依赖情况及其影响因素,从而针对改善大学生手机依赖提出相关建议.方法 采用整群抽样方法选择广西南宁市某高校大学生680人,采用UCLA孤独感量表(ULS-8)以及手机依赖量表(MPAI)进行调查,分析MPAI得分的影响因素.结果 共635名大学生参与调查,MPAI得分为17~82(41.08±11.91)分,存在手机依赖共191人,手机依赖率为30.08%.ULS-8总分、每天手机上网时间、每月手机消费费用对手机依赖得分MPAI有影响(P<0.05).结论 大学生手机依赖程度深,孤独感及手机的合理使用均可影响手机依赖程度;大学生应该审慎手机使用行为,社会、学校、家庭应该给予正确引导.     

医科职业中专生与医科本科生孤独,抑郁,自尊状况的比较研究

目的探讨医科职业高中生与医科本科生的心理健康状况的差异。方法采用ＵＣＬＡ、自尊量表、抑郁量表、感情与社会孤独量表及自编情况调查表对３５０名在校职业高中医士班、医学院本科学生进行评定。结果职业高中学生的孤独及抑郁量表得分高于医学院学生，自尊量表得分低于医学院学生。职高组轻度和中度抑郁占４２．６２％，大学组轻度和中度抑郁占２０％。结论职业高中学生心理健康水平低于医学本科生     

随迁老人社会融合与生活满意度的关系研究——孤独感的中介效应

目的 本研究旨在探究随迁老人生活满意度现状,分析随迁老人的孤独感在社会融合与生活满意度二者之间中介效应是否成立。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,选取了656名60岁及以上的济南市随迁老人进行问卷调查,使用结构方程模型对济南市随迁老人的社会融合、孤独感和生活满意度之间的关系进行了研究。结果 随迁老人的生活满意度整体较好。随迁老人的社会融合对生活满意度有正向影响（β=0.29,95%CI:0.14-0.46）。社会融合不仅能够直接影响生满意度,而且能够通过孤独感对生活满意度产生间接影响（β=0.03,95%CI:0.01-0.06）,中介效应占总效应的9.84%。结论 随迁老人的孤独感对社会融合与生活满意度的关系产生了中介效应。随迁老人社会融合越好、孤独感越低,其生活满意度越高。     

脑卒中患者社会疏离及影响因素研究

目的 探讨脑卒中患者社会疏离现状及影响因素,为干预性研究提供依据。方法 应用一般情况调查表、Lubben社会网络量表、孤独感量表、脑卒中病耻感量表、自我感受负担量表,于2022年9月采用整群随机取样对河南省脑卒中患者进行调查。应用t检验、单因素方差分析、多元逐步线性回归进行分析。结果 共纳入患者1 028名,其中27.7%患者存在客观社会疏离,10.6%患者存在家庭隔离,8.9%患者存在朋友隔离,41.0%存在高风险社会隔离,27.8%患者存在主观社会疏离。客观社会疏离总分为（15.61±5.37）分,主观社会疏离总分为（41.65±9.08）分,处于中等水平。自我感受负担、病耻感与主观社会疏离呈正相关。多元逐步分析结果显示,自我感受负担、病耻感、文化程度、脑卒中发作次数、TOAST分型是其主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 脑卒中患者客观社会疏离较常见,主观社会疏离处于中等水平。在护理工作中应重点关注文化程度低、病情重、复发、自我感受负担和病耻感高的患者,采取针对性的干预措施。     

老年人睡眠质量与孤独及社会支持的相关性研究

目的了解广州市社区老年人睡眠质量与孤独及社会支持的关系。方法应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、UCLA孤独量表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对131名老年人进行问卷调查。结果PSQI总分平均分为(6.94±3.81)分,孤独平均分为(39.11±11.49)分,社会支持总分平均分为(35.65±8.05)分。孤独与PSQI总分及因子睡眠时间、睡眠效率、催眠药物的评分正相关;社会支持总分与PSQI总分及因子睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍的评分负相关。结论孤独和社会支持对老年人的睡眠质量有重要影响,减轻老年人的孤独感和增加社会支持对改善睡眠质量有积极意义。     

Staying Connected: The Lived Experiences of Volunteers and Older Adults

Many housebound older adults lack meaningful social relationships. In this study we explore the phenomenon of social connectedness in the volunteer-older adult relationship through the experiences of frail and isolated older adults and volunteers. We conceptualise this relationship as a journey whereby each traveller plays an active role in its direction and outcome. The emergent phenomenological essence of social connectedness from these dyad’s narratives provides meaning for both differences and similarities into the way the construct is conceptualised. When volunteers maintain the boundaries of the relationship through structured conversation and visits, it is described as friendly. Transgressing the boundaries involves doing extra for the elder and is both a function of the dyad’s compatibility, and the volunteer’s sense of ongoing agency and lack of elder expectations. The sense of social connectedness inherent in these relationships often feels like that of friendship or family, and these relationships are perceived as meaningful and close for both parties. Social connectedness in family-like relationships is a function of the playing out of an otherwise missing family role. However, if volunteer volition is compromised, this results in feelings of obligation and responsibility, similar to the dynamic between blood relatives. Participants’ narratives suggest that when the boundaries of the relationship are mutually negotiated, this serves to strengthen the relationship’s socioemotional quality, and potential for the continuity of the unique sense of social connectedness that has already been established.

国内外孤独的研究现状

孤独作为一种消极的情绪体验,近30年来受到研究者的关注,是精神医学和心理学研究的热点之一。对于孤独的概念,分类和测量评估,各国学者观点不一。但多数人认为孤独是人群中普遍存在的认知和体验。因此,深入理解孤独的要领以及国内外研究进展,探讨如何应对孤独具有重要意义。本文着重于近十年来关于孤独概念,分类,测量,孤独的应对及相关影响因素的研究。     

城市"空巢"老人与孤独现象的实证研究

[目的]分析"空巢"与城市老人孤独感之间的关系及影响老人孤独感的因素。[方法]运用对烟台市230位城市老人的问卷调查数据,进行交叉分析和回归分析。[结果]"空巢"与老人的孤独感没有统计意义上的相关关系;大多数的老人自愿选择与子女分住;代际间的交往受居住距离的影响;影响老人孤独感的主要因素有婚姻状况、子女是否孝顺及对自己赡养现状和子女照顾的满意度等。[结论]在烟台市,"空巢"对老人的孤独感没有显著的影响,而婚姻状况和子女是否孝顺是影响老年孤独感最为重要的因素。另外,居住距离是老人与子女交往的制约因素。     

Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: a national longitudinal study

This study examined the relationship between loneliness, health, and mortality using a U.S. nationally representative sample of 2101 adults aged 50 years and over from the 2002 to 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. We estimated the effect of loneliness at one point on mortality over the subsequent six years, and investigated social relationships, health behaviors, and health outcomes as potential mechanisms through which loneliness affects mortality risk among older Americans. We operationalized health outcomes as depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and functional limitations, and we conceptualized the relationships between loneliness and each health outcome as reciprocal and dynamic. We found that feelings of loneliness were associated with increased mortality risk over a 6-year period, and that this effect was not explained by social relationships or health behaviors but was modestly explained by health outcomes. In cross-lagged panel models that tested the reciprocal prospective effects of loneliness and health, loneliness both affected and was affected by depressive symptoms and functional limitations over time, and had marginal effects on later self-rated health. These population-based data contribute to a growing literature indicating that loneliness is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality and point to potential mechanisms through which this process works.