达曲班对脑缺血的保护作用

结扎大鼠左侧颈总、颈外动脉，由颈内动脉注射花生四烯酸致脑缺血。达曲班（１）（３．５、４．４ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，ｉｖ）可使大鼠脑组织乳酸和丙二醛含量均较溶剂对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），１（４．４ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，ｉｖ）使超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），１（３．５、４．４ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）使脑电图（ＥＥＧ）较溶剂对照组有所改善。小鼠腹腔注射１（５、１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）可使其断头后头部喘息时间明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０１）。小鼠尾静脉注射ＫＣＮ（２．７５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）致组织中毒性缺氧，１（４ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，ｉｐ）可明显提高其存活率（Ｐ＜０．０５），并求得１对抗组织中毒性缺氧的ＥＤ５０为４．４５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１。上述结果提示１对大、小鼠脑缺血缺氧均有明显的保护作用     

抑癌基因nm23-H1对化疗药物增敏作用的体外实验研究

目的：探讨抑癌基因nm23-H1对几种常用化疗药物的增敏作用。方法：构建含有人全长的nm23-H1基因cDNA的真核表达载体质粒pcDNA3-nm23-H1，通过脂质体介导，将它和空载体质粒pcDNA3分别转染鼠肺腺癌LA-795细胞株中，得到的阳性转染子分别命名为pcDNA3-nm23-H1-795细胞，pcDNA3-795细胞，另设795细胞为正常对照组，用MTT法测定nm23-H1对顺铂，氮芥，丝裂霉素C，5-氟尿嘧啶，长春新碱和足叶乙苷的增敏效应。结果：nm23-H1基因在pcDNA3-nm23-H1-795细胞中获得了表达，MTT法检测nm23-H1对顺铂，氮芥，丝裂霉素C有不同程度的增敏作用，而对5-氟尿嘧啶，长春新碱和足叶乙苷没有此效应。结论：nm23-H1可增加化疗药物顺铂，氮芥，丝裂霉素C对LA-795细胞的敏感作用。     

重组人内皮抑素对小鼠肺腺癌肿瘤血管生成及肺转移的抑制作用

目的观察酵母表达重组人内皮抑素(recombinant human endostatin, rhES)对小鼠肺腺癌LA795原位肿瘤微血管生成及肺转移的抑制作用。方法对含有人内皮抑素基因的重组酵母菌株进行诱导表达及纯化rhES;将接种LA795小鼠肺腺癌细胞的T739小鼠随机分成两组,每组各10只,于接种后第6日起给予rhES和磷酸缓冲盐液(PBS)皮下注射,每日1次,连续14 d;观察两组小鼠原位肿瘤微血管生成情况及肺部肿瘤转移情况。结果经甲醇诱导酵母转化子表达rhES,并用肝素亲和层析的方法获得纯化的rhES;治疗结束后用免疫组化方法观察两组小鼠原位肿瘤微血管密度发现rhES治疗组肿瘤微血管密度明显小于PBS对照组(P<0.01);观察两组小鼠肺部发现rhES治疗组小鼠肺部未见有明显肿瘤转移病灶,而PBS对照组小鼠肺部可见大量散在肿瘤转移病灶;两组小鼠肺湿重比较具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论rhES具有良好的生物学活性,显著抑制了小鼠肺腺癌LA795肿瘤血管生成,并能有效抑制肿瘤的肺部转移。     

Hospice consultation team: A new multidisciplinary model

The term “hospice” refers not only to certain facilities, but also to a philosophy of comprehensive, humanistic treatment for the patient and his family. Because death will always be a part of the general hospital setting, hospice concepts provide a useful method for improved patient care. This paper describes the development of a multidisciplinary team that provides consultation-liaison services for terminally ill patients and their families, either while in hospital or while being followed in a home-care treatment service. Cases are presented that illustrate the benefits of such an approach to the care of the dying patient and his family.     

The Human Touch

Surgery is the interaction between two human beings—the surgeon and the patient. Our acts as surgeons are based on science and we employ sophisticated technology, but the human aspects of the relationship still pertain. We should continue to emphasize the importance of communicating clearly with our patients both before and after an operative procedure, and we should recognize that each human being is a unique individual and requires, at least in some minor degree, a therapeutic plan designed especially for him or her.     

Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin occurring in a lymphomatous lymph node

The incidence of metastasizing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is highly variable depending on the series analyzed. A man with an aggressive squamous cell carcinoma had subsequent metastasis to a lymphomatous lymph node, an apparently unique event.     

Transoral Cervical Esophagogastrostomy Using the EEA Stapling Device

The use of automatic stapling devices in gastrointestinal surgery is becoming more common. We describe a technique using the EEA stapling device in a high cervical esophageal position to simplify a sometimes difficult anastomosis.     

Long-term follow-up of internal mammary artery myocardial implantation.

A study was made of 100 patients who had undergone internal mammary artery myocardial implantation 7 to 10 years previously. Forty-two patients had single implantation with or without a free omental graft, and 54 received double implantations. Four patients had a single internal mammary artery implant plus a single aortocoronary bypass graft. Eleven patients died at operation or within the first month, and 17 died from 1 to 7 years following operation. Two were lost to follow-up, and 15 refused follow-up angiograms. From 7 to 10 years postoperatively, angiographic studies were performed on 55 patients with 73 internal mammary artery implants. Of these 73 implants, 17 (23%) were occluded; 10 (14%) were patent but did not show myocardial filling; 15 (21%) showed myocardial blush or filling of small vessels; and 31 (42%) showed filling of a major coronary artery. The patency rate correlated well with the amount of coronary disease and slightly with the amount of symptomatic improvement. This study shows that the Vineberg operation is physiologically sound; however, the ideal candidates are those patients with coronary arteries of adequate size who could benefit more by direct perfusion.     

Studies on the mechanism of potentiation of the acute toxicity of 2,4-D n-butyl ester and 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide in rainbow trout by carbaryl

The acute toxicity of several xenobiotic substances to rainbow trout including 2,4-D n-butyl ester (2,4-DB) and 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) has been shown to be potentiated by carbaryl. The effect seen with carbaryl was also observed when arecoline, a direct acting cholinergic agent was substituted for carbaryl. The potentiating effect of both carbaryl and arecoline was abolished by atropine. Carbaryl, at a concentration which potentiates 2,4-DB and Bayer 73, was found to increase the blood and total body concentrations of these compounds during exposures in water. Since carbaryl did not decrease the rate of elimination of 2,4-DB and Bayer 73 from preloaded fish, it appears that carbaryl may increase the acute toxicity of these compounds by increasing their uptake from water by trout. In addition to blocking the increase in acute toxicity seen with carbaryl and arecoline, atropine was also capable of blocking the increase in uptake of 2,4-DB and Bayer 73 produced by carbaryl and arecoline. It was concluded that carbaryl increases the acute toxicity of 2,4-DB and Bayer 73 by increasing the uptake of these compounds from water, possibly by effects on gill blood flow or permeability.