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101.
Identifying patients at risk for,and treatment of major psychiatric complications of cancer 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
William Breitbart 《Supportive care in cancer》1995,3(1):45-60
A critically important aspect of supportive care in cancer is the prompt recognition and effective treatment of psychiatric complications. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and delirium occur in a signifcant percentage of cancer patients, particularly as disease advances and as cancer treatments become more aggressive. This paper reviews factors that can be utilized to identify patients who are at increased risk for developing psychiatric complications, such as those with advanced disease, certain cancer treatments, uncontrolled physical symptoms, functional limitations, lack of social support, and past history of psychiatric disorder. Methods of diagnostic assessment and strategies for managing depression, anxiety, delirium and suicidal ideation are also reviewed.Presented as an invited lecture at the 6th International Symposium: Supportive Care in Cancer, New Orleans, La., USA, 2–5 March 1994 相似文献
102.
医科职业中专生与医科本科生孤独,抑郁,自尊状况的比较研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的探讨医科职业高中生与医科本科生的心理健康状况的差异。方法采用UCLA、自尊量表、抑郁量表、感情与社会孤独量表及自编情况调查表对350名在校职业高中医士班、医学院本科学生进行评定。结果职业高中学生的孤独及抑郁量表得分高于医学院学生,自尊量表得分低于医学院学生。职高组轻度和中度抑郁占42.62%,大学组轻度和中度抑郁占20%。结论职业高中学生心理健康水平低于医学本科生 相似文献
103.
Modafinil is a new drug used in the treatment of narcolepsy. Its administration in mice induced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. The effects of modafinil were compared with those of dexamphetamine on three tests that assessed the anxiety level (drugs were used at doses which induced a roughly similar stimulation of locomotor activity). Dexamphetamine increased the latency of exploration of a white compartment, increased thigmotaxis in an open-field and decreased the time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus-maze. None of these responses was significantly modified by modafinil. We conclude that modafinil does not share the anxiogenic effects of dexamphetamine. 相似文献
104.
Anxiolytic benzodiazepines have been shown to impair place learning in the Morris water maze. However, a clear-cut demonstration of a direct and specific effect on mnemonic processes has not yet been offered. In the present study, the effects of diazepam on place navigation in the Morris water maze were studied in rats. Three conditions were examined: learning, reversal learning and learning after familiarisation of animals with the maze. In view of the anxiolytic and sedative properties of diazepam, appropriate doses of the drug, i.e. those that produced an anxiolytic effect but no major motor impairment, were initially selected in the water-lick conflict and rotarod tests, respectively. Doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg PO increased punished drinking in the water-lick conflict test without significantly decreasing rotarod performance. These doses were then used to assess the effects of diazepam on spatial behaviour. Diazepam, at both doses, impaired place learning in behaviourally naive rats. Such an effect appeared to be transient: diazepam-treated rats eventually reached control performance. Moreover, analysis of the probe trial at the end of training revealed adoption of a spatial strategy to locate the submerged platform. Neither reversal learning nor learning after familiarisation was affected. These results do not replicate previous findings in the Morris water maze and provide some evidence that the diazepam-induced place learning deficit may be primarily anxiolytic in nature. 相似文献
105.
Sandra E. File Helio Zangrossi Jr Fiona L. Sanders Peter S. Mabbutt 《Psychopharmacology》1994,113(3-4):543-546
Rats given one or two 5-min trials in the elevated plus-maze had plasma corticosterone concentrations significantly higher than the home cage control group and there was no sign of habituation in the group given two trials. In rats given two plus-maze trials the corticosterone responses were significantly higher in the group given 10-min rather than 5-min trials. A previous experience of cat odour (1 week earlier) has no effect on the plasma corticosterone response, but did have an anxiogenic effect that could be detected by a decrease in the percentage of time spent on the open arms of the plus-maze. The results are discussed with reference to the nature of anxiety generated by trials 1 and 2 and by the trial duration in the plus-maze, and with respect to dissociation between behavioural and endocrinological measures. 相似文献
106.
107.
本文对乡镇中,小学的交通噪声进行了调查研究,结果表明,在9:00~16:45时间内,中学的Leq值为80dB(A),L50为72dB(A),小学的Leq值为805dB(A),L50为73dB(A)。文章还对不同距离的噪怕衰减情况进行统计分析,并制订出乡镇中,小学教室内噪声不超过50dB(A)防护距离为120米,不超过45dB(A)防护距离为220米。 相似文献
108.
Gerald F. Powell MD Barbara A. Bettes PhD 《Child psychiatry and human development》1992,22(3):185-198
A controversy exists regarding the classification of nonorganic failure to thrive within the psychiatric nomenclature. There are a number of DSM-III-R diagnoses that may be applied to NOFTT, including Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy (RADI) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The behaviors characteristic of NOFTT are symptomatic of depression, and are similar to those exhibited by infants with anaclitic depression as well as those of the adult with depression. The correspondence of the behaviours of NOFTT and the DSM-III-R criteria for Major Depression are reviewed, as are the conceptual and therapeutic reasons to view NOFTT infants as suffering from Depression. 相似文献
109.
抑郁障碍患者人格特征与发病关系的研究 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
目的探讨抑郁障碍患者的人格特征与其疾病发病间的关系。方法采用自评抑郁量表(SDS)、艾森克人格问卷 (EPQ)、应对方式评定量表 (WCRS)和归因方式问卷 (ASQ)对 76名抑郁障碍患者进行测试 ,同时选取 84名健康被试进行对照研究。结果①抑郁组患者在EPQ中神经质 (N)与精神质 (P)的得分显著高于健康组。②WCRS的结果显示在“宣泄接纳”、“退避调节”两个因子上 ,抑郁组的平均得分低于健康组。③在ASQ的得分中 ,抑郁组在负性事件归因的自身性、持久性和整体性均显著高于健康组。④抑郁障碍患者的“神经质”人格特质与应对方式的“宣泄接纳”和“退避调节”因子呈负相关 (r = 0 .474)。结论抑郁障碍患者的人格特征可表现为较强的神经质及孤僻、交往障碍 ,他们这种人格特征及应对和归因方式在其发病过程中起着重要作用。 相似文献
110.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sensitivity to change of the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30) questionnaire. SETTING: The Women's Center, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. DESIGN: Postal survey to 66 women undergoing conservative surgery for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain. The EHP-30 and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) were administered 2 weeks before the operation, and 4 months post-operatively. At T2 a transition question was included to evaluate changes in patients health status. To evaluate responsiveness effect sizes, standardised response means, the index of responsiveness and the minimally and clinically important differences were calculated. RESULTS: Forty (66.6%) patients returned the questionnaires at time 1 and 2. Overall less responsive effect size scores were found for the SF-36 (0.1-0.5) compared to the EHP-30 (-0.1-1.1) for all patients who had undergone treatment. Minimally important differences and the index of responsiveness were overall higher for the EHP-30 (0.4-2.0) compared to the SF-36 (0.1-1.0). Change scores for four of the five scales were significantly correlated with women's responses to the transition question. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the EHP-30 is sensitive to change. Its application in clinical trials should prove beneficial in assessing the impact of medical and surgical interventions upon quality of life for women with endometriosis. 相似文献