运动人体科学研究方法的现状及展望

本文通过对第八届全国体育科学大会417篇运动人体科学方向论文的研究方法进行统计学分类研究,探讨了日前运动人体科学类论文研究方法及测试手段应用现状及发展趋势。结果显示：运动人体科学研究方法具有自身专业特点;多种研究方法联合运用将成为未来方法学发展的趋势;运动生物力学测试手段将在录像解析、足底压力测试及运动医学方向上有所发展;多学科方向、偏重定量化的测试手段及分子生物学技术的应用推动了运动医学研究的发展。 以统计学分类研究对第八届全国体育科学大会414篇运动人体科学方向论文的研究方法进行分析。认识目前运动人体科学类论文研究方法及测试手段的应用现状及发展趋势。结果显示：运动人体科学研究方法具有自身专业特点;多种研究方法联合运用将成为未来方法学发展的趋势;运动生物力学测试手段将在录像解析、足底压力测试及运动医学方向上有所发展;多学科方向、偏重定量化的测试手段及分子生物学技术的应用推动了运动人体医学研究的发展。     

肺癌患者外周血细胞凋亡与化疗关系的研究

目的探讨肺癌患者化疗前后外周血淋巴细胞凋亡变化,以判断化疗疗效。方法采用流式细胞术分析方法,用罗丹明123检测细胞凋亡时线粒体膜电位的变化,对34例肺癌患者化疗前后外周血淋巴细胞凋亡进行检测,并以36例健康体检者作正常对照。结果肺癌患者化疗前外周血淋巴细胞凋亡率明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),且与病理类型无关(P>0.01),但与肿瘤临床分期有明显相关性(P<0.01),化学治疗后凋亡率明显增高(P<0.01)。而在化疗结束后4周左右再检测,则凋亡率又几乎恢复到化疗前的水平,与化疗结束时相比差异显著(P<0.01),29例有肿瘤观察指标的肺癌患者经化疗后,有效病例23例,有效率为79.3%。结论化学治疗能诱导肺癌细胞的凋亡,显著改善肺癌患者的预后。细胞凋亡检测对探讨肺癌的发生发展,病情判断及指导化疗有重要的临床价值。     

[125/123I]IPH: A radioiodinated analog of epibatidine for in vivo studies of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Tomographic imaging of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) via single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been hampered by the lack of a radioligand with suitable in vivo binding characteristics. Therefore, a novel analog of epibatidine, (±)-exo-2-(2-iodo-5-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (IPH), labeled with [¹²⁵I] or [¹²³I] was evaluated as an in vivo marker of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). [¹²⁵I]IPH showed substantial brain penetration (4.2% of the injected dose at 30 min) and a cerebral biodistribution in mice consistent with the in vivo labeling of nAChRs (% injected dose/gram of thalamus, superior colliculi ≫ cerebellum). [¹²⁵I]IPH binding sites were shown to be saturable with unlabeled IPH (ED₅₀ approximately 1 μg/kg). The uptake of [¹²⁵I]IPH was blocked significantly by the nicotinic agonists, cytisine, lobeline, and (−)-nicotine, but not by the noncompetitive nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine. Antagonists of muscarinic (scopolamine), serotonin (ketanserin), and opioid (naloxone) receptors had no significant effect on [¹²⁵I]IPH binding. A preliminary SPECT imaging study with [¹²³I]IPH in a baboon showed [¹²³I]IPH to localize in nAChR-rich areas of brain (thalamus > frontal cortex > cerebellum). [¹²³I]IPH binding in baboon brain was also displaced (35–45% displacement) by a challenge dose of cytisine showing that a well-characterized nicotinic agonist effectively competes for [¹²³I]IPH binding sites. [¹²³I]IPH seems well suited for imaging studies of nAChRs and, to our knowledge, is the first SPECT agent that has allowed for the visualization of nAChRs in primate brain. Synapse 26:392–399, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss Inc.     

人卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞株的建立和生物学特性评价

目的建立人卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞株(Skov-3/PTX),并对其生物学性状进行检测和鉴定。方法采用紫杉醇浓度梯度递增法,建立人卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药株。通过细胞形态学观察、生长曲线和群体倍增时间测定、药物敏感试验、细胞内Rh-123和紫杉醇含量研究及MDR1、MRP和GST-πmRNA水平的测定,评价Skov-3/PTX生物学特性。结果成功建立了Skov-3/PTX耐药株,耐药指数为45.90,对吉非替尼、9-硝基喜树碱和阿霉素产生明显的交叉耐药性。与Skov-3细胞相比,Skov-3/PTX耐药细胞异形明显;耐药细胞倍增时间显著延长(P<0.05);耐药细胞内Rh-123和紫杉醇量显著减少(P<0.05),环孢菌素可以增加细胞内Rh-123和紫杉醇含量;耐药细胞的MDR1、MRP和GST-πmRNA水平显著增高。结论Skov-3/PTX细胞具有典型多药耐药特性,为进一步研究耐药逆转途径提供了实验基础。     

The relationship between 24 h/4 h radioiodine-131 uptake ratio and outcome after radioiodine therapy in 1402 patients with solitary autonomously functioning thyroid nodules

Objective  To evaluate the role of 24 h/4 h uptake ratio (UR) in response to radioiodine-131 (¹³¹I) therapy in patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN). Methods  A total of 1402 consecutive hyperthyroid patients were treated with ¹³¹I, between 1958 and 2005. Therapeutic doses (D) were calculated according to the formula: D = weight of nodule × dose per gram of nodular tissue (q)/24 h ¹³¹I uptake. The ratios of the 24 and 4 h uptake were retrospectively calculated and the patients were grouped according to outcome and q into three groups of UR (≤1.25; 1.26–1.68; ≥1.69) by means of terziles. Results  Of the 1402 patients, 95 did not respond to ¹³¹I treatment while 93/1307 developed hypothyroidism. Most non-responders (55.8%) had UR ≤1.25, while many hypothyroid patients (66.7%) had UR ≥1.69 (χ ²: P < 0.001). As q increased, the proportion of successfully treated patients increased (level of significance) only in the group with UR ≤1.25; while in the other two terziles, with increasing dose per gram of nodular tissue, the number of successfully treated patients did not increase (level of significance). The cumulative incidence of hypothyroidism was 2.2% at the 1st year after ¹³¹I treatment, increasing to 13.9% at 5 years and 26.2% at 10 years. Conclusions  The ¹³¹I UR can predict the outcome of ¹³¹I treatment in AFTN and may have utility in modifying treatment in some patients to limit post-radioiodine induced hypothyroidism and treatment failures in order to achieve euthyroidism.     

Detection of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by using iodine-123 BMIPP early dynamic SPECT: Quantitative evaluation of early abnormality of fatty acid metabolism with the Rutland method

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the possibility of predicting the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, we performed quantitative assessment of the early kinetics of iodine-123 beta-methyl-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (I-123 BMIPP) by means of dynamic myocardial SPECT. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with various malignancies were examined. I-123 BMIPP dynamic myocardial SPECT was performed before chemotherapy, after chemotherapy, or both. Immediately after the injection of I-123 BMIPP (111 MBq), 30-second dynamic SPECT data were acquired successively for 15 minutes. The left ventricular (LV) myocardium was divided into 8 segments in short-axial and vertical slices. By using the time-activity curve (TAC) of each myocardial segment [Mo(t)] as an output function and the TAC of the LV cavity [B(t)] as an input function, the Rutland equation, Mo(t)/B(t)= F + K Integral of(B(t)dt/B(t)), was used as a means of assessing all segments. RESULTS: Mo(t)/B(t) showed a good linear correlation with Integral of(B(t)dt/B(t)) from 30 seconds to 4 minutes in all 456 segments. The mean K value of 8 LV segments was significantly lower after chemotherapy than before chemotherapy (0.071+/-0.019 [n = 21] vs. 0.095+/-0.025 [n = 36], P<.001). In 21 patients in whom dynamic SPECT was performed both before and after chemotherapy, the mean K values of left ventricle showed a significant decrease, from 0.101+/-0.024 to 0.071 +/-0.019 (P<.0001). The fractional change in the value of K after chemotherapy showed a significant linear correlation with the administered dose of doxorubicin (r = 0.648, P<.002). CONCLUSION: I-123 BMIPP dynamic myocardial SPECT may be clinically useful, because it permits the early detection of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.     

正常与偏侧帕金森病猴^123I—β—CIT SPECT显像研究

目的评价中枢多巴胺转运蛋白显像剂＾１２３Ｉ－β－ＣＩＴ在检测帕金森病中的应用价值。方法氯胺－Ｔ标记法制备＾１２３Ｉ－β－ＣＩＴ,对正常猴与ＭＰＴＰ诱导的偏侧ＰＤ病猴进行ＳＰＥＣＴ显像研究,并以纹状体／小脑－１作为评价中枢多巴胺转运蛋白丧失程度的指标进行了半定量分析。结果正常猴全身显像表明,＾１２３Ｉ－β－ＣＩＴ脑内摄取约为注射剂量的３％,药物注射后２４ｈ ＳＰＥＣＴ断层显像示正常猴双侧纹状体放射性     

123 I-MIBG SPECT/CT断层显像在儿童神经母细胞瘤Curie评分中的价值分析

目的 探讨¹²³碘-间碘苄胍(¹²³I-metaiodobenzylguanidine,¹²³I-MIBG)平面显像和单光子发射型计算机断层成像(single-photon emission computed tomography,SPECT/CT)在儿童神经母细胞瘤Curie评分中的价值。方法 分析211例神经母细胞瘤患儿的¹²³I-MIBG平面显像和SPECT/CT断层显像的图像,所有患儿均属于3期或4期的高危患者。收集¹²³I-MIBG平面显像和SPECT/CT断层显像的Curie评分,以病理结果、其他相关的影像学检查及临床随访为神经母细胞瘤病灶诊断的依据,分别比较两种显像方式的差异性,以及它们与金标准的一致性和诊断准确率。结果 在211例患儿中,48.82%(103/211)的患儿基于¹²³I-MIBG平面显像和SPECT/CT断层显像的Curie评分是一致的。51.18%(108/211)的患儿¹²³I-MIBG平面显像和SPECT/CT断层显像差异有统计学意义。¹²³I-MIBG平面显像的Curie评分为0(0,1)分,SPECT/CT断层显像的Curie评分为0(0,2)分,两种显像方式的Curie评分差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.46,P<0.001)。依据Curie评分的结果,将患者分为高分组(≥2)和低分组(＜2),两种显像方式的分组差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。¹²³I-MIBG平面显像和SPECT/CT断层显像的诊断正确率分别为51.66%和93.84%,两种显像方法的诊断准确率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);它们与金标准的诊断一致性分别为0.44(0.34~0.54)和0.90(0.85~0.96),相较于¹²³I-MIBG平面显像,SPECT/CT断层显像具有极好的一致性。结论 与¹²³I-MIBG平面显像相比,SPECT/CT断层显像具有更高的诊断准确率及诊断一致性;基于¹²³I-MIBG SPECT/CT断层显像的Curie评分,对患儿全身肿瘤情况的半定量评估具有非常重要的意义。