卵巢滤泡激素在干扰素γ介导的黑素细胞凋亡以及趋化因子分泌中的作用研究

【摘要】 目的 研究卵巢滤泡激素（FLCN）在干扰素γ（IFN-γ）介导的黑素细胞凋亡及趋化因子分泌中发挥的作用。方法 从正常人包皮环切组织及白癜风移植患者正常部位的吸疱表皮分离正常原代黑素细胞及白癜风原代黑素细胞。采用Western印迹检测正常原代黑素细胞、白癜风原代黑素细胞及人原代黑素细胞系PIG1细胞中FLCN蛋白的表达。以10 ng/ml IFN-γ刺激48 h的PIG1细胞为诱导组,未经处理的PIG1细胞为对照组,采用qRT-PCR检测两组细胞FLCN及自噬相关微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）Ⅱ、Beclin基因mRNA表达,Western印迹检测FLCN、Beclin1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ水平及腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）的磷酸化水平。进一步对采用10 ng/ml IFN-γ刺激的黑素细胞感染FLCN抑制病毒进行不同的处理,分为阴性对照组、FLCN抑制组、抑制FLCN及添加mTOR抑制剂的自噬增强组和抑制FLCN及添加AMPK抑制剂的自噬抑制组。采用流式细胞仪检测各组PIG1细胞凋亡,酶联免疫吸附实验检测各组细胞上清液中趋化因子CXCL10和CCL20的浓度。多组间计量资料比较采用单因素方差分析,组间比较采用LSD-t检验。结果 正常原代黑素细胞（0.850 ± 0.120）、白癜风原代黑素细胞（1.507 ± 0.170）和PIG1细胞（0.697 ± 0.130）FLCN蛋白的相对表达差异有统计学意义（F = 50.09,P < 0.001）,白癜风原代黑素细胞高于正常原代黑素细胞和PIG1细胞（t = 4.06、5.89,均P < 0.01）。诱导组FLCN mRNA及蛋白相对表达均高于对照组（均P < 0.01）,LC3Ⅱ、Beclin mRNA及蛋白相对表达均低于对照组（均P < 0.01）;诱导组PIG1细胞LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ水平（0.72 ± 0.02）、AMPK磷酸化水平（0.714 ± 0.023）低于对照组（1.13 ± 0.02、1.176 ± 0.002,t = 7.34、6.67,均P < 0.01）,mTOR磷酸化水平（1.051 ± 0.023）高于对照组（0.451 ± 0.016,t = 3.81,P = 0.009）。对照组、诱导组及各处理组PIG1细胞凋亡率及CXCL10、CCL20浓度差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.001）,诱导组高于对照组,FLCN抑制组低于阴性对照组,自噬增强组低于FLCN抑制组,自噬抑制组高于FLCN抑制组（均P < 0.05）。结论 白癜风黑素细胞中高表达FLCN,FLCN表达以及下游信号通路受IFN-γ调控,FLCN可通过调节自噬参与IFN-γ介导的黑素细胞凋亡和趋化因子分泌。     

特发性肺纤维化患者辅助性T细胞1/辅助性T细胞2的研究

目的 对特发性肺纤维化(IPF)患者辅助性T细胞1(Th1)/辅助性T细胞2(Th2)进行研究,探讨Th1/Th2能否反映疾病的严重性,能否预测疾病的进展.方法 入选83例IPF患者,应用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测所有受试者血清、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中γ干扰素(IFNγ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平,并进行相关性分析.结果 (1)基线资料:IPF患者血清、BALF中IFNγ/IL-4比值(0.8±0.3;0.8±0.3)较对照组(1.4±0.2;1.4±0.2)显著降低;血清、BALF中IFNγ/IL-4比值与病程、呼吸困难评分、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值百分比、用力肺活量(FVC)占预计值百分比、肺总量(TLC)占预计值百分比、最大去氧饱和度、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、CT间质纤维化评分显著相关(血清:r值分别为-0.426、-0.623、0.487、0.455、0.517、-0.491、0.263、-0.569,P值均＜0.05;BALF:r值分别为-0.434、-0.637、0.480、0.456、0.501、-0.507、0.253、-0.605,P值均＜0.05);血清中IFNγ/IL-4比值与CT磨玻璃影评分呈正相关(r=0.340,P＜0.01).(2)随访:IPF患者血清中IFNγ、IL-4、IFNγ/IL-4在糖皮质激素治疗者与非糖皮质激素治疗者间差异无统计学意义.随访6个月后的呼吸困难评分、FEV1占预计值百分比、TLC占预计值百分比、CT磨玻璃影评分、CT间质纤维化评分、IFNγ和IL-4较基线值显著恶化.血清中IFNγ/IL-4比值变化与呼吸困难评分、FVC占预计值百分比、TLC占预计值百分比、肺一氧化碳弥散量占预计值百分比、6MWD、CT间质纤维化评分的变化显著相关(r值分别为-0.297、0.462、0.315、0.353、0.420、-0.307,P值均＜0.05).结论 IPF患者血清和BALF中Th1/Th2存在失衡,Th1/Th2可能反映IPF的严重性,随访时血清中Th1/Th2的变化可能会预测IPF的疾病进展.     

结核分枝杆菌IFN-γ体外检测试剂的生产质量控制与临床研究探讨

依据《体外诊断试剂注册管理办法(试行)》等相关的法律法规,分别针对结核分枝杆菌IFN-γ（interferon gamma,γ干扰素）体外检测试剂盒的主要原材料、生产工艺、产品质量控制,以及临床研究的技术要求进行了概述,为该类试剂盒的研发和注册提供技术支撑。     

Immune Modulator Pidotimod Decreases the In Vitro Expression of CD30 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Atopic Asthmatic and Normal Children

Recurrent viral infections are frequently observed in children with atopic asthma. In this study we investigated the ability of the synthetic immunomodulator pidotimod to affect in vitro the phenotype and/or cytokine profile of blood cells in relation to atopic asthma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 13 atopic asthmatic and 9 normal children and stimulated in culture with mitogen either in the presence or not of the drug. Expression of surface markers was evaluated by flow cytometry, and production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma was measured in supernatants. Pidotimod was able to down-regulate the expression of CD30 on cells from both atopic and normal subjects. Because CD30 has been associated with Th-2 cells, this observation supports the possibility of pidotimod being able to affect the Th-1/Th-2 balance in atopic asthma.     

Role for interferon-gamma release assays in latent tuberculosis screening before TNF-α antagonist therapy

TNF-α antagonist therapy is associated with a risk of severe, extrapulmonary, disseminated tuberculosis, which is fatal in 10% of cases. The risk of tuberculosis is increased four-fold in patients on TNF-α antagonist therapy. The main risk factors are a history of untreated or inadequately treated primary tuberculosis, recent contact with a tuberculosis patient, and residence in or travel to a high-endemicity region. Infection surveillance agencies throughout the world have issued recommendations to ensure the detection and treatment of latent tuberculosis before TNF-α antagonist initiation. These recommendations have returned the incidence of tuberculosis to the level seen before the introduction of TNF-α antagonists. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement. Recommendations about latent tuberculosis screening include the use of tuberculin skin tests. However, these tests are positive in individuals vaccinated with the BCG vaccine, which leads to overuse of tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis and, therefore, to unnecessary patient exposure to hepatotoxic effects. Furthermore, tuberculin skin tests may be falsely negative in immunosuppressed patients, leading to underuse of tuberculosis prophylaxis. These shortcomings of tuberculin skin tests have generated interest in interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs). In patients with overt tuberculosis, IGRAs are more sensitive and more specific than tuberculin skin tests. However, the accuracy of IGRAs for diagnosing latent tuberculosis remains unknown, because no reference standard is available. In addition, patients taking immunosuppressant agents to treat systemic disease may exhibit anergia, which complicates the interpretation of IGRAs. Until additional data become available, caution requires that IGRAs be used only when a positive or negative result, as assessed on a case-by-case basis, will help to decide whether tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis is in order.     

γ干扰素释放试验诊断儿童潜伏结核菌感染的Meta分析

目的以结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)为参考试验,评价QuantiFERON-TB Gold test(QFT)和T-SPOT.TB两种IFN-γ释放试验诊断儿童潜伏结核菌感染的准确性。方法计算机检索EMBASE、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、中文科技期刊全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库和万方数字化期刊群等数据库,检索时间均为建库至2010年3月。全面检索IFN-γ释放试验诊断儿童潜伏结核菌感染的文献,按照诊断试验的纳入标准筛选文献,提取纳入文献的特征信息(研究背景、设计信息和诊断参数信息)。根据QUADAS质量评价标准评价纳入文献的质量。采用Meta-Disc1.4软件进行Meta分析,检验异质性,并根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模型。对纳入文献予以加权定量合并,计算汇总敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比和诊断优势比及其95%CI,绘制汇总受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线,并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共检出相关文献285篇,按照文献纳入标准,最终纳入13篇文献(英文文献12篇和中文文献1篇)。10篇文献报道了QFT试验对儿童潜伏结核菌感染的诊断价值,汇总敏感度为0.40(95%CI:0.37~0.44)、汇总特异度为0.87(95%CI:0.85~0.88)、汇总阳性似然比为6.21(95%CI:3.07~12.54)、汇总阴性似然比为0.46(95%CI:0.31~0.68)、汇总诊断优势比为15.58(95%CI:7.47~32.48),SROC AUC为0.8931。4篇文献报道了T-SPOT.TB试验对儿童潜伏结核菌感染的诊断价值,汇总敏感度为0.74(95%CI:0.68~0.79)、汇总特异度为0.84(95%CI:0.81~0.87)、汇总阳性似然比为4.66(95%CI:1.27~17.12)、汇总阴性似然比为0.42(95%CI:0.18~0.99)、汇总诊断优势比为13.71(95%CI:3.71~50.72),SROCAUC为0.8306。结论 IFN-γ释放试验适用于进一步鉴别诊断儿童是否处于潜伏结核菌感染,不适合儿童潜伏结核菌感染的筛查。     

Dietary exposure to perfluorooctanoate or perfluorooctane sulfonate induces hypertrophy in centrilobular hepatocytes and alters the hepatic immune status in mice

It is well established that exposure of mice to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induces hepatomegaly and, concurrently, immunotoxicity. However, the effects of these perfluorochemicals on the histology and immune status of the liver have not been yet investigated and we have examined these issues here. Dietary treatment of male C57BL/6 mice with 0.002% (w/w) PFOA or 0.005% (w/w) PFOS for 10 days resulted in significant reductions in serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, a moderate increase in the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatomegaly, without affecting other immune organs. This hepatomegaly was associated with marked hypertrophy of the centrilobular hepatocytes, with elevated numbers of cytoplasmic acidophilic granules and occasional mitosis. Furthermore, dietary exposure to PFOA or PFOS altered the hepatic immune status: whereas exposure to PFOA enhanced the numbers of total, as well as of phenotypically distinct subpopulations of intrahepatic immune cells (IHIC), and in particular the presumptive erythrocyte progenitor cells, treatment with PFOS enhanced only the numbers of hepatic cells that appear immunophenotypically to be erythrocyte progenitors, without affecting other types of IHIC. In addition, exposure to these compounds attenuated hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Furthermore, the exposed animals exhibited a significant increase in hepatic levels of erythropoietin, a hormone required for erythropoiesis. Thus, in mice, PFOA- and PFOS-induced hepatomegaly is associated with significant alterations in hepatic histophysiology and immune status, as well as induction of hepatic erythropoiesis.     

T—SPOT．TB在菌阴肺结核中的诊断价值

目的：评价γ干扰素释放结核感染T细胞斑点试验（T-SPOT．TB）检测在菌阴肺结核中的诊断价值。方法：将本院住院确诊菌阴肺结核67例患者作为观察组,同期入住的124例肺炎患者作为对照组,两组进行T—SPOT．TB、结核抗体、结核菌素试验（PPD）等检测。结果：T．SPOT．TB在菌阴肺结核组中的敏感性（89．6％）和特异性（91．1％）均高于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：T—SPOT．TB在诊断菌阴肺结核方面具有较高的敏感性和特异性,对菌阴肺结核有着重要的诊断价值。     

干扰素-γ与间充质干细胞在免疫抑制中的协同作用及机制研究

目的 探讨干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)对正常人骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)免疫活性的影响,阐明IFN-γ与MSC在免疫抑制中的协同作用.方法 ①ELISA法检测IFN-γ(终浓度100 ng/ml)对正常人骨髓来源MSC前列腺素E2(PGE2)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)表达水平的影响.②RT-PCR法检测100 ng/ml IFN-γ作用下MSC内吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)基因表达水平变化.③体外刺激正常人外周血T细胞增殖,并与正常人骨髓来源MSC共培养,检测T细胞增殖水平;在共培养体系中分别加入重组人IFN-γ(100 ng/ml)及鼠抗人IFN-γ单克隆抗体(单抗,5μg/ml),检测T细胞增殖水平变化.结果 ①MSC单独培养24 ～ 48 h可检测到PGE2、HGF、TGF-β1三种细胞因子表达;IFN-γ可促进MSC上述细胞因子的表达[实验组及对照组PGE2、HGF、TGF-β1表达水平分别为(1715.5 ±628.6) pg/ml对(1344.5±709.4) pg/ml;(4031.8±1496.8) pg/ml对(2452.4±1375.3)pg/ml;(1753.5±413.8) pg/ml对(1026.6±450.5) pg/ml,P值分别为0.001、0.011及＜0.001].②MSC单独培养48 h后,RT-PCR法未检测到IDO基因表达.与IFN-γ共培养后,IDO基因呈高水平表达.③在体外MSC可以显著抑制T细胞增殖,外源性IFN-γ不影响MSC对T细胞增殖的抑制作用[T细胞增殖抑制率分别为(40.4±10.9)％和(36.7±7.4)％,P=0.272];在反应体系中加入抗IFN-γ单抗后,MSC抑制T细胞增殖作用显著减弱[T细胞增殖抑制率分别为(40.4±10.9)％和(23.9±7.6)％,P =0.002].结论 MSC组成性表达PGE2、HGF及TGF-β1等免疫抑制性细胞因子,在一定水平IFN-γ作用下,MSC分泌上述3种细胞因子水平明显上调,IDO mRNA表达水平显著增高,MSC免疫活性增强.骨髓MSC在体外可以显著抑制T淋巴细胞增殖,IFN-γ与MSC在免疫抑制中具有协同效应.