TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效观察

目的 探讨评价经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年9月至2011年9月采用TVT-O治疗SUI18例进行疗效观察.结果 手术时间15 ～45min,平均25 min,术中出血20 ～ 60ml,平均40ml.拔管后尿失禁消失15例,增加腹压后偶有尿液溢出3例.随访3～l2个月,平均6个月,无一例复发.结论 TVT-O治疗SUI操作简单安全,创伤小,并发症少,疗效可靠,是一种理想治疗方法.     

江苏省某医院失禁患者皮肤护理现状调查

目的：了解住院失禁患者目前的皮肤护理情况,为制定失禁患者皮肤护理方案提供参考依据。方法选取江苏省某三级综合医院住院失禁患者作为研究对象,采用调查问卷方式对失禁患者的照护者（护士和家属）进行现场的调查。结果住院患者失禁发生率5.06%,会阴部皮肤清洁后42.9%患者未使用任何皮肤保护剂,失禁患者失禁相关性皮炎（IAD）发生率28.57%。结论失禁患者临床护理工作仍然存在很多误区,预防失禁相关性皮炎的发生没有引起足够的重视,没有实施积极有效的皮肤保护措施,失禁患者皮肤护理知识缺乏,急于需要构建失禁皮肤护理指南,为失禁患者皮肤护理提供科学、优质的护理方案。     

Long-term results of open and closed sphincterotomy for anal fissure

Three hundred fifty patients who underwent open or closed lateral internal anal sphincterotomy for acute or chronic anal fissure between January 1981 and June 1985 were reviewed. Minimum follow-up was 14 months (mean, 37 months). No patient underwent an additional procedure at the time of sphincterotomy. Twenty-one failed to heal or developed a recurrence in the interval (6 percent). Five of these individuals were found subsequently to have Crohn's disease. Excluding these patients, the incidence of nonhealing was 4.6 percent. Eight patients (2.3 percent) developed postoperative infections requiring drainage, one half of which were associated with fistulas. Sixty patients (17 percent) complained of incontinence for flatus or feces. For two thirds, this was transient. There was no statistically significant difference in rate of healing or morbidity when comparing the open with the closed method.     

Overt Rectal Prolapse and Fecal Incontinence

PURPOSE  Rectal prolapse is frequently associated with fecal incontinence; however, the relationship is questionable. The study was designed to evaluate fecal incontinence in a large consecutive series of patients who suffered from rectal prolapse, focusing on both past history, anal physiology, and imaging. METHODS  Eighty-eight consecutive patients who suffered from an overt rectal prolapse (72 women, 16 men; mean age, 51.1 ± 19.5 years) as a main symptom were analyzed; 48 patients also experienced fecal incontinence compared with 40 without incontinence. Logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS  The two groups of patients did not differ with respect to parity, weekly stool frequency, main duration of symptoms before referral, occurrence of dyschezia, and digital help to defecate. Patients with prolapse who were older than 45 years (odds ratio (OR), 4.51 (1.49–13.62); P = 0.007) and those with a past history of hemorrhoidectomy (OR, 9.05 (1.68–48.8); P = 0.01) were significantly more incontinent. Incontinent group showed frequent internal anal sphincter defect compared with the continent group (60 vs. 6.2 percent; P = 0.0018). CONCLUSIONS  In patients with overt rectal prolapse, the occurrence of fecal incontinence needs special consideration for age and previous hemorrhoid surgery as causative factors. Anal weakness and sphincter defects are frequently observed.     

一期手术修复膀胱外翻的远期疗效

目的:评估简化的一期手术修复膀胱外翻的疗效。方法:对13例膀胱外翻合并尿道上裂的患者采用简化的一期修复术,下腹部腹壁缺损采用局部腹壁皮瓣修复,术后随访18月到15年不等。结果:13例手术均顺利完成,手术时间平均4 h(3.5-5 h);术后住院时间平均17 d(16-21 d)。出院时腹直肌皮瓣均完全覆盖耻骨上腹壁缺损,外观良好。13例患者中完全控尿3例,部分尿失禁8例,完全性尿失禁2例。术后尿道皮肤瘘1例,经修补后治愈;尿道狭窄2例,经多次扩张后治愈。10例男性患者术后阴茎外观短粗,无勃起功能障碍。所有患者均认为手术明显提高了生活质量。结论:简化的一期修复术是治疗膀胱外翻比较理想的手术方式。     

Injury to the posterior urethra: management in children

Our experience with the management of ten children with posterior urethral rupture in the early phase is presented. In seven children (six boys and one girl) in whom a complete rupture had occurred, a suprapubic approach was used and a Foley catheter was passed as a splint after end-to-end primary anastomisis of the torn urethra. In three cases rupture was partial; one was iatrogenic and the others were traumatic. The former was managed by a perineal incision with urethral reconstruction and a cystostomy for urinary diversion. In one traumatic partial tear, simple catheterization through the external meatus was sufficient for perfect healing, while in the second after unsuccessful catheterization, a cystostomy for 2 weeks led to a satisfactory outcome. Three of the seven children with complete rupture developed strictures, which required one or more sounds; one of them also underwent two internal (visual) urethrotomies. All currently have stable stricture formation. One other boy with strictures, who is now 16 years of age, periodically needs bougienage and is completely impotent with probably diminished libido. Nine children now have normal micturition and in six boys erections have been established. Two have begun to ejaculate, but the rest are still too young for definite conclusions. We believe that for a completely disrupted urethra primary end-to-end anastomosis with a few approximating sutures over a Foley catheter placed as a splint is feasible in children and should be attempted as the procedure of choice. Offprint requests to: G. Tryfonas     

Identifying cut-off scores with neural networks for interpretation of the incontinence impact questionnaire

We propose to determine cut-off scores for the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) based on the neural network (NN) approach. These cut-off scores should discriminate between patients having poor, moderate, or good quality of life (QoL) secondary to their incontinence problems. Data from two prospectively completed QoL questionnaires, the IIQ (n = 237) and the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (n = 237), were analyzed using NN and conventional statistical tools. Kohonen networks identified three distinct clusters of IIQ scores. The three clusters represent the full spectrum of possible scores on the IIQ. We interpreted these clusters as reflecting good, moderate, and poor QoL. We estimated that a score of less than 50 on the IIQ would be representative of good QoL, between 50 and 70 would be moderate QoL, and greater than 70 would be indicative of poor QoL. Validation with the SF-36 data confirmed these categories. The present study demonstrated that the NN approach is opening new areas in the interpretation and clinical usefulness of QoL questionnaires. NN allowed the identification of three levels of QoL and should be useful in clinical decision making.