Effect of psychotomimetics and some putative anxiolytics on stress-induced hyperthermia

Summary Stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH), which is seen in the last mice removed from the cage, is a novel animal model sensitive to anxiolytic drugs. SIH is antagonized by CL 218872 (25 and 50 mg/kg, os), by tracazolate (5 and 7.5 mg/kg, ip) and by 2-AP-5 (50 and 100 mg/kg, ip). At higher dose, CL 218872 (100 mg/kg, os) and tracazolate (12.5 mg/kg, ip) lose their activity.PK 9084 (5–40 mg/kg, ip) and CGS 9896 (2–20 mg/kg, both ip and os) were also ineffective in preventing SIH. The anti-hyperthermic effect of CL 218872 (25 mg/kg) and tracazolate (7.5 mg/kg) was blocked by the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15–1788 (15 mg/kg). CGS 9896 (10 mg/kg, os) also reversed the effect of CL 218872 (25 mg/kg) on SIH.Differently from anxiolytics, MK-801 (0.5–1 mg/kg, os), PCP (2.5 mg/kg, ip) and d-amphetamine (10 mg/kg, ip) evoked hyperthermia in the first set of mice and prevented a further stress-induced rise of body temperature in the last set of mice.     

不同给药途径时抗核抗体独特型多肽对狼疮样肾炎小鼠作用的探讨

目的应用抗核抗体独特型多肽免疫治疗狼疮肾炎小鼠,观察其对狼疮肾炎模型小鼠肾脏的保护作用。方法将35只雌性GVHD狼疮样肾炎小鼠(C57BL/10×DBA/2)F1分为3组,肾炎模型对照组(10只),口服多肽实验组(10只),皮下注射多肽实验组(15只)。3组小鼠均于24周龄处死,观察3组小鼠体质量、尿蛋白、肾脏组织学及血清IL-6水平的变化。结果在给予多肽12周时,皮下注射组和口服多肽组小鼠肾脏损害较对照组明显减轻;血清IL-6水平也较对照组明显降低。在给予多肽10周时,皮下注射组小鼠体质量明显高于对照组小鼠,12周时口服组体质量也明显高于对照组。给予多肽4周时,皮下注射组小鼠尿蛋白明显少于对照组,8周时口服组尿蛋白也明显少于对照组。结论口服独特型多肽对GVHD狼疮样肾炎小鼠肾脏同样有保护作用。     

刺梨酸的分离与结构研究

从刺梨中分离出一种新的五环三萜酸,命名为刺梨酸。通过光谱分析和衍生物的制备,确定其化学结构为2β,3α,7β,19α-四羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-羧酸。     

Clinical Application of Movement-needling Technique： Elbow and Wrist Sprains

Elbow Strain 1. Acupoints Primary acupoints: Quchi(LI 11), Zhouliao(LI 12), Shousanli(LI 10) and Ashi point.     

Reduction of coronary flow reserve in areas with and without ischemia on stress perfusion imaging in patients with coronary artery disease: A study using oxygen 15-labeled water PET

BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) occasionally fails to detect coronary stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated coronary flow reserve (CFR) using oxygen 15-labeled water in areas with and without ischemia on technetium 99m tetrofosmin stress perfusion SPECT in patients with angiographically documented CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients with CAD and eleven age-matched normal subjects were studied. Baseline myocardial blood flow (MBF) and MBF during hyperemia induced by intravenous adenosine triphosphate infusion (0.16 mg. kg(-1). min(-1)) were determined with the use of O-15-labeled water positron emission tomography, and the CFR was calculated. Tc-99m tetrofosmin stress/rest SPECT was performed for comparison. On the basis of the results of coronary angiography and SPECT, coronary segments were divided into 3 types: segments with coronary stenosis and a perfusion abnormality on stress SPECT imaging (group A, n = 16), segments with coronary stenosis without a perfusion abnormality (group B, n = 42), and remote segments with no coronary stenosis or perfusion abnormality (group C, n = 18). Baseline MBF values were similar among the 3 groups. CFR in group A was lower (1.82 +/- 0.54) than in group B (2.22 +/- 0.87, P <.05), in group C (2.92 +/- 1.21, P <.01), and in normal segments (3.86 +/- 1.24, P <.001). CFR in group B was lower than in group C (P <.02) and in normal segments (P <.001). CFR in group C was lower than in normal segments (P <.02). CONCLUSIONS: Areas with a perfusion abnormality on stress SPECT had reduced CFR. In the areas without a perfusion abnormality and with coronary stenosis, lowering of CFR was intermediate between the areas with a perfusion abnormality and remote segments. Moreover, CFR was slightly, but significantly, lower in remote segments in patients with CAD compared with normal segments.     

Role of intestinal bifidobacteria in the pathogenesis of gut-derived bacteria/endotoxin translocation and the effect of bifidobacterial supplement on gut barrier function following burns

Early multiple organ dysfunction syndrome appears to be facilitated with bacterial translocation in severely burn injury, yet the mechanisms of bacterial translocation remains in dispute. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of intestinal bifidobacteria in the pathogenesis of gut-derived bacteria/endotoxin translocation following burns and the effects of bifidobacterial supplement on gut barrier. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into burn group (Burn, n=60),sham burn group (SB, n=10) in experiment Ⅰ , and burn + saline group (BS, n=30), burn + bifidobacteria group (BB, n=30), and sham-burn + saline group (SS, n= 10) in experiment Ⅱ. Animals in BB group were fed bifidobacterial preparation (5 × 109 CFU/ml) after burns, 1.5ml,twice daily. Animals in BS and SS were fed saline. Samples were taken on days 1, 3, and 5 in burn groups, and on day 3 in sham-burn groups. The incidence of bacteria/endotoxin translocation and counts of Bifidobacterium, Fungi and Escherichia coli in gut mucosa were determined with standard methods. The levels of sIgA in mucus of small intestine were measured by RIA. The positive sIgA expression in lamina propria and ileum mucosal injury was evaluated light microscopically by blinded examiners. Results: Our results showed that the incidence of bacterial translocation was increased after burns, which was accompanied by significant decrease in number of bifidobacteria but significant increase in E. coli and fungi in gut mucosa, and elevation of levels of plasma endotoxin and IL-6 (P<0. 001).The incidence of bacterial translocation was markedly reduced after 3- and 5-day supplementation of bifidobacteria compared with control group (P<0.05). The counts of mucosal bifidobacteria were increased by 4- to 40-fold,while E. coli and fungi were decreased by 2- to 30-fold and 10- to 150-fold, respectively, after bifidobacterial supplementation in contrast to control group. The damage of mucosa tended to be less pronounced after 3-day bifidobacteria-supplemented formula compared with control group [grade 2(0-6) vs. grade 4(3-6), P<0.05]. Moreover, the expression and release of sIgA was markedly augmented after 3-day bifidobacteria-supplementation formula and it returned to normal range on day 5. Conclusion: The decrease in counts and proportion of bifidobacteria in mucous membrane flora may play an important role in the development of bacteria/endotoxin translocation following thermal injury. The supplement of exogenous bifidobacteria could per se improve gut barriers, and attenuate bacteria/endotoxin translocation secondary to major burns.     

IL-2和IL-4联合诱导B细胞死亡受体CCR3的表达及其功能研究

目的　研究在IL 2和IL 4作用下 ,趋化性细胞因子受体CCR3在人生发中心 (germinalcenter,GC)B细胞上的表达及其功能特性。方法　采用流式细胞术检测人GCB细胞上CCR3表达和在CCR3配体eotaxin作用下B细胞的凋亡 ,实时定量RT PCR和Northernblot法检测GCB细胞内CCR3mRNA的表达 ,淋巴细胞趋化和黏附试验检测B细胞的趋化和黏附能力。结果　人GCB细胞极低表达趋化性细胞因子受体CCR3,经IL 2和IL 4作用后 ,GCB细胞高表达CCR3,但此时CCR3不能在其配体作用下诱导GCB细胞的趋化和黏附功能 ,而是诱导GCB细胞凋亡。结论　IL 2和IL 4联合诱导人GCB细胞CCR3表达 ,CCR3可能具有死亡受体的功能。     

原位杂交法检测胃癌组织中IL-6及其受体mRNA的表达

胃癌是最常见的癌肿之一,应用原位杂交技术检测胃癌组织中IL—6及其受体mRNA的表达情况,具有灵敏度高、特异性强的特点,而且较直观地在组织原位和转录水平对标本中IL—6及其受体进行研究,这使得形态学观察与功能学检测相结合,更能反映胃粘膜不同病变细胞分泌IL—6及其受体的情况。     

支气管哮喘患者白细胞介素4和白细胞介素13测定的临床意义

目的:探讨血清中白细胞介素4(IL-4)和白细胞介素13(IL-13)在支气管哮喘发病中的作用.方法:本研究对临床确诊的支气管哮喘46例,与正常对照组46例,分别抽取血清采用 ELISA 法测定其 IL-4、IL-13的含量.结果:支气管哮喘急性发作期病人和对照组正常人血清中的 IL-4水平分别为(460.84±27.11)和(132.97±24.66) ng/L,二组经 t 检验后 P＜0.001.两组 IL-13 的水平分别为(23.76±5.44)和(12.61±2.49) ng/L,二组经 t 检验后 P＜0.001.结论:哮喘病人 IL-4、IL-13 明显高于对照组,提示 IL-4、IL-13 对哮喘发病有一定的调控作用,对支气管哮喘气道非特异性炎症和局部免疫反应起重要作用.