浆细胞病患者IL-4产生细胞数减少的意义及机制探讨

本文运用APAAP法检测了16名浆细胞患者外周血细胞在PHA刺激下产生IL-4的能力。发现浆细胞病组阳性细胞比率明显低于正常对照组(P<0.001),且阳性细胞比率与患者血清中多克隆IgM、IgA水平呈正相关(r=0.806和r=0.703)。在正常人外周血中加入CRP50mg/L,经PHA刺激后IL-4产生细胞也明显减少。作者假设,由于IL-6增高引起CRP等急性期相蛋白大量分泌,使IL-4产生受到明显抑制,从而使B细胞激活发生障碍是浆细胞病中多克隆免疫球蛋白合成抑制的主要原因。     

Sympathetic skin response and R–R interval variation in chronic uremic patients

Sympathetic skin response (SSR) and R–R interval variation (RRIV) were studied in 36 chronic, nondiabetic uremics to compare with their nerve conduction studies (NCS) and clinical dysautonomia. Abnormal SSR was noted in 5 (13.9%) patients, abnormal RRIV in 14 (38.9%), and abnormal NCS in 26 (72.2%). The patients were classified into three groups: group (GP) 1: “normal,” n = 21 (58.3%), normal RRIV and SSR; GP 2: “isolated parasympathetic dysfunction,” n = 10 (27.8%), abnormal RRIV and normal SSR; and GP 3: “sympathetic sudomotor dysfunction,” n = 5 (13.9%), abnormal SSR. A significant difference in age was found among the three groups (GP 3 > GP 2 > GP 1; P < 0.0001, ANOVA). After controlling the age factor, we still noted a tendency toward increasing NCS disturbances (distal latency and nerve conduction velocity of peroneal nerve; P < 0.05, multiple regression analysis) and frequencies of clinical autonomic symptoms (postural dizziness and impotence; P < 0.05, Mantel–Hanszel test) from GP 1 to GP 3. Patients with abnormal SSR (GP 3) displayed significantly higher frequencies of postural dizziness and impotence, indicating the relationship between an absence of SSR and clinical dysautonomia. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

P物质及其受体在慢性胰腺炎组织的表达和临床意义

目的 了解P物质及其受体NK－1R在正常胰腺和慢性胰腺炎中的表达，探讨它们与慢性胰腺炎时疼痛发生的关系。方法 25个慢性胰腺炎标本取自慢性胰腺炎手术，男性18例，女性7例，正常胰腺组织取自20个器官捐献者，男性11例，女性9例。应用实时定量逆转录整合酶链反应（RT－PCR）技术，检测正常胰腺和慢性胰腺炎组织中P物质和NK－1R的mRNA水平，应用Western blot技术检测NK－1R的蛋白水平，应用免疫组织化学方法进行NK－1R的组织学定位。将P物质及其受体NK－1R mRNA水平与疼痛的程度，发作频率和病程进行分析，寻找其中的相关性。结果 与正常胰腺相比，慢性胰腺炎组织中P物质和NK－1R mRNA和蛋白都过度表达，NK－1RmRNA水平与疼痛的程度，发作频率和病程明显相关。免疫组化检查显示，NK－1R的表达主要位于胰腺腺泡，胰腺导管，神经纤维和炎性细胞。结论 慢性胰腺炎组织中P物质和NK－1R的表达水平都明显上调，扰乱了神经激肽的作用环节，NK－1R的过度表达与疼痛发生有关。     

Search for coloured objects in natural surroundings by people with abnormal colour vision

Background: People with abnormal colour vision often report difficulty seeing coloured berries and flowers in foliage, which suggests they will have a diminished capacity for visual search when target objects are marked out by colour. There is very little experimental evidence of the effect of abnormal colour vision on visual search and none relating to search for objects in natural foliage. Method: We showed 79 subjects with abnormal colour vision (seven protanopes, 10 deuteranopes, 16 protanomals and 46 deuteranomals) and 20 subjects with normal colour vision photographs of natural scenes and asked them to locate clumps of red berries, to trace the length of a red string on grass and to name the season depicted in a photograph taken in the Autumn and the same scene photographed in the Summer. Colour vision was assessed using the Ishihara, the Medmont C100, the Farnsworth D15, the Richmond HRR and the Nagel anomaloscope. Results: All the subjects with abnormal colour vision located fewer clumps of red berries than those with normal colour vision. The subjects who failed the Farnsworth D15 performed significantly worse than those who passed but the distribution of scores in the two groups overlaps. The majority of subjects with abnormal colour vision could not trace the full length of the string: only 38 per cent of anomalous trichromats who passed the Farnsworth D15 test and three per cent of those who failed it were able to trace the full length of the string. Fifty‐five per cent of those classed as having a mild deficiency by the HRR test could trace the whole string. Most dichromats were unable to identify the Autumn season and those who did may have been assisted by guessing. Most (94 per cent) of those who passed the Farnsworth D15 test and all those classified as having a ‘mild’ deficiency by the HRR test could identify the season. Conclusions: All people with abnormal colour vision, even those with a very mild deficiency, have some degree of impairment of their ability to see coloured objects in natural surroundings. A pass at the Farnsworth D15 test or a ‘mild’ classification with the Richmond HRR test identifies those likely to have the least problems with visual search and identification tasks. The results have practical implications for the selection of personnel in occupations that involve visual search in natural terrain.     

28例脑脓肿的CT与MRI表现分析

28例经手术或脑穿刺病理证实的脑脓肿病例，均行CT平扫和增强检查，其中23例行MRI检查。其CT与MRI表现为：单发24例，多发4例。CT平扫示各个时期的脑脓肿表现不完全相同，典型病灶主要表现为低密度囊性病灶或等低混杂密度的囊实性病灶(20～42Hu)，其中2例病灶内含气体，增强后病灶中央无强化。周围有明显强化的壁，除6例囊壁欠光整外，其余病灶囊壁较光整。MRI平扫示病灶中央呈低T1WI、高T2WI信号灶，有环形的高信号的壁，增强后壁强化明显，病灶中央无强化。认为脑脓肿CT与MRI表现有一定特征性，CT、MRI对脑脓肿有极高的诊断价值。     

肾宁口服液对兔膜性肾病模型肾保护作用的实验研究

目的观察肾宁口服液治疗膜性肾病的实验研究.方法用阳离子牛血清白蛋白(C-BSA)制备家免膜性肾病模型,设立正常对照组、中药治疗组、激素治疗组和模型组.每周测定一次24h尿蛋白,实验结束时测定血浆白蛋白、血脂和肾功能等生化指标.结果肾宁口服液中药治疗组的24h尿蛋白、血脂和肾功能等生化指标较模型组明显改善(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而激素治疗组与模型组比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论肾宁口服液能降低尿蛋白,提高血浆白蛋白,改善肾功能,对膜性肾病有显著疗效.     

卵巢癌细胞多种细胞因子基因表达的研究

本文应用RT-PCR方法,检测5例刚分离的晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞和3例卵巢痛患者腹水中肿瘤细胞IL-2、IL-2R、TNF-a,IL-6、TGF-p、IL-10等细胞因子基因的表达,用免疫学方法检测卵巢癌细胞上清液中IL-6活性。结果发现:卵巢癌肿瘤细胞表达IL-6mRNA和抑制性细胞因子TGF-p、IL-10。腹水中存在较多量lL-6可能来自肿瘤细胞。     

Identification of neutrophil chemotactie factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic patients

Background Although neutrophils have been implicated in bronchial asthma, the mechanism(s) which bring these cells into the airways is poorly understood. Objective To investigate the presence and identity of neutrophil chemotactic factors in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from atopic asthmatic subjects. Method BAL fluid was obtained from 13 subjects (seven asthmatics and six normals). aged 19 to 60 yr, at bronchoscopy. Separation of neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) was achieved by FPLC cation exchange chromatography. Fractions were collected and assayed for chemotaxis multiwell micro-chemotaxes chambers using polycarbonate filters, for the complement peptide C5a/C5a des Arg by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and for interleukin-8 (IL-8) by ELISA. Results NCA was found in FPLC fractions of BAL samples in four out of seven asthmatics and each of these subjects had at least three similar peaks of NCA. The major peak of NCA was found to contain immunoreactive C5a/C5a des Arg and chemotaxis. In response to this NCA could be blocked by desensitization of the neutrophils with recombinant C5a. Purified serum derived C5a/C5a des Arg was found to have altered chromatographic properties when added to BAL fluid; this suggested that BAL fluid contained proteins which interacted with the C5a/C5a des Arg. Immunoreactive IL-8 (iIL-8) was also detected but its concentration or chemical form was insufficient to induce neutropbil chemotaxis. Conclusion This study demonstrates that bronchial asthmatic lavage fluid contains C5a/C5a des/Arg and iL-8, together with other as yet unidentified factors which may contribute to neutropbil recruitment in this disease.     

Human T cells that have been conditioned by the proteolytic activity of the major dust mite allergen Der p 1 trigger enhanced immunoglobulin E synthesis by B cells

BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that the proteolytic activity of Der p 1 selectively cleaves human CD25, the 55 kDa alpha subunit of the IL-2 receptor. As a result of cleavage of surface CD25, peripheral blood T cells produce less IFN-gamma and more IL-4, thereby leading to progressive polarization of the T cells towards a Th2 cytokine profile. Therefore, these observations underline the potential role of the proteolytic activity of Der p 1 in creating a microenvironment conducive for IgE synthesis. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of T cells that have been conditioned by the proteolytic activity of Der p 1 on IgE synthesis by B cells. METHODS: We have examined this concept in experiments whereby T cells that have been exposed to either proteolytically active or inactive Der p 1 were cocultured with autologous B cells and IgE antibody synthesis was monitored. RESULTS: Here we demonstrate for the first time that coculturing T cells that have been in contact with proteolytically active Der p 1 with autologous B cells leads to augmentation of IgE antibody responses. CONCLUSIONS: The proteolytic activity of Der p 1 conditions human T cells, which then become empowered to trigger enhanced IgE synthesis by B cells.     

肾康宁对肾小球肾炎治疗作用的实验及临床研究

目的:观察中药肾康宁对家兔实验性肾炎黏附分子及细胞因子表达的影响,以及临床肾小球肾炎治疗前后尿蛋白的变化.方法:检测牛血清白蛋白所致急性实验性肾炎动物肾组织ICAM-1表达、血清IL-6水平的变化,以及临床肾小球肾炎肾康宁治疗前后血清IL-6水平、尿蛋白的变化.结果:肾康宁能明显降低实验动物血清IL-6含量,降低急性实验性肾炎模型中ICAM-1阳性细胞表达率,同时减轻肾小球基底膜(GBM)增厚及炎症细胞浸润,阻止毛细血管内微血栓的形成;在临床肾小球肾炎中,肾康宁能减少肾小球肾炎患者血清IL-6水平及24 h尿蛋白含量.结论:肾康宁通过降低细胞因子IL-6水平和黏附分子ICAM-1的表达,从而抑制免疫细胞的趋化、浸润、活化和增殖、减少免疫复合物的沉积,使肾小球炎症反应减轻,有效缓解家兔急性实验性和临床肾小球肾炎,使肾功能得以改善.