Macrophages from disease resistant B2 haplotype chickens activate T lymphocytes more effectively than macrophages from disease susceptible B19 birds

Resistance to respiratory pathogens, including coronavirus-induced infection and clinical illness in chickens has been correlated with the B (MHC) complex and differential ex vivo macrophage responses. In the current study, in vitro T lymphocyte activation measured by IFNγ release was significantly higher in B2 versus B19 haplotypes. AIV infection of macrophages was required to activate T lymphocytes and prior in vivo exposure of chickens to NP AIV plasmid enhanced responses to infected macrophages. This study suggests that the demonstrated T lymphocyte activation is in part due to antigen presentation by the macrophages as well as cytokine release by the infected macrophages, with B2 haplotypes showing stronger activation. These responses were present both in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. In contrast, T lymphocytes stimulated by ConA showed greater IFNγ release of B19 haplotype cells, further indicating the greater responses in B2 haplotypes to infection is due to macrophages, but not T cells. In summary, resistance of B2 haplotype chickens appears to be directly linked to a more vigorous innate immune response and the role macrophages play in activating adaptive immunity.     

应用Vero细胞分离新型布尼亚病毒

目的从不明原因发热伴血小板减少综合征患者血液中分离新型布尼亚病毒。方法应用Vero细胞培养法分离病毒,并用间接免疫荧光检测法(IFA)、实时荧光聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)技术进行鉴定。结果从24份不明原因发热患者血液标本中分离出6株发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒。结论应用Vero细胞培养法可以直接从不明原因发热患者血液中分离发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒。     

徐州市1977—1993年疟疾IFA结果初析

本文报告了原间日疟流行区徐州市两个监测点居民和１５岁以下儿童用ＩＦＡ试验进行１７年疟疾抗体调查的结果。疟疾年带虫发病率与人群疟疾抗体阳性率呈正相关（ｒ＝０．７０，Ｐ＜０．０１），流动人口疟疾抗体阳性率和当地居民疟疾抗体阳性率有显著的差异（Ｕ＝１１．８７，Ｐ＜０．０１）。自１９８６年基本消灭疟疾后，每年流行季节末期人群抗体阳性率为０．０３％￣４．２６％，儿童抗体阳性率为０￣３．５％。显示疟疾传播已得     

防止白蛉叮吸以降低犬源型黑热病传播风险的效果评价

目的应用干预措施防止白蛉-犬接触,探索控制黑热病传播的有效方法。方法在文县选择近5年发病率和犬数相近的19个村,以乡为单位分为3组在6~9月实施干预措施。对照组(铁楼乡)无干预措施;石坊乡采取的干预措施为犬喷洒高效氟氯氰菊酯,在6月和8月各一次;石鸡坝乡为采取犬喷洒高效氟氯氰菊酯2次,同时居民使用杀虫剂浸泡蚊帐。干血斑法采集干预前后血清,免疫荧光分析(Immunoflurescence,IFA)法检测黑热病血清抗体。应用χ2检验分析干预前后及干预后各组间血清抗体阳性率的差异。结果家犬喷药组干预前检测血清抗体1 028份,阳性率为5.06%,干预后血清754份,阳性率为3.45%,干预前后差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.76,P﹥0.05)。犬杀虫剂喷洒和悬挂药浸蚊帐组干预前检测血清抗体1 342份,阳性率为4.62%;干预后检测549份,阳性率为1.82%,干预前后差异有统计学意义(χ2=2.87,P﹥0.05)。干预后家犬药喷组、联用蚊帐组与对照组血清抗体阳性率χ2分析比较,差异均有统计学意义(前者χ2=15.27,P﹥0.05;后者χ2=5.12,P﹥0.05)。结论夏秋两季家犬杀虫剂喷洒能有效防止白蛉-犬接触,切断黑热病传播环节,降低黑热病高流行区人群发病率。     

改良间接免疫荧光方法在军团病诊断上的应用

本文用IFA与改良IFA法平行对Lp-I、Ⅲ~Ⅵ型与各型抗血清和有关病原体抗血清及31株肺炎病原菌与Lp各型抗血清进行交叉试验,两法结果相同。检测46例肺炎病人双份血清和116份正常人血清抗体,两法结果基本一致。证明改良IFA与原法一样,具有较高的灵敏性和特异性,可用于军团病的实验室诊断。     

辽宁省肾综合征出血热沙鼠肾细胞、地鼠肾细胞灭活疫苗免疫效果评价

选择ＨＦＲＳ姬鼠型疫区盘锦大洼县、家鼠型疫区葫芦岛市，每个疫区选一试区与对照区，于每一试区分别接种ＨＦＲＳ长爪沙鼠肾细胞（Ⅰ型）和地鼠肾细胞（Ⅱ型）灭活疫苗各５０００人份。经过一个流行周年观察，显示两种疫苗安全，近期效果明显。沙鼠苗的中强反应率为２．１３％（５１／３５６），荧光抗体阳转率免前为６．２％（隐性感染），３针基础免疫后为１００％，一年后为５４．７６％，加强针后为１００％；抗体ＧＭＴ滴度分别为：３１．７、７９８、１６、５５７；中和抗体４次阳转率分别为０，７０．３７％、０、７３．３３％，抗体ＧＭＴ滴度分别为０、１０．７、０、１４．６。地鼠苗的中强反应率为３．９７％（５１／１２８４），荧光抗体４次阳转率分别为９．８８％（隐性感染）、１００％、３６．３６％、１００％；抗体ＧＭＴ滴度分别为３３．６、２３２、２５、３８７；中和抗体４次阳转率分别为０、５０％、１７．６５％、１００％，抗体ＧＭＴ滴度分别为０、９．３、２０、１５。但疫苗免疫针次、抗体持续时间、疫苗的远期流行病学效果等，有待进一步研究。     

Adapted focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to allow MRI exploration of multiple sclerosis features

We aimed to determine an optimal protocol for inducing a focal inflammatory lesion within the rat brain that could be large enough for an easier MRI monitoring while still relevant as a multiple sclerosis (MS) like lesion. We adapted a two-hit model based on pre-sensitization of the Lewis rat with myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) followed by stereotaxic injection of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα + IFNγ) within the internal capsule. We compared the following two strategies to increase focal lesion development for an easier MR translation: (1) a higher sensitization step (MOG50) or (2) a higher cytokine step with lower sensitization (MOG25). Control animals were administered only cytokines without MOG pre-sensitization. Animals were followed with T2, diffusion and T1 post gadolinium weighted images at 1, 3 and 7 days following cytokine injection. Immunostaining was performed at the same time points for macrophages (ED1), myelin (MBP and Luxol Fast Blue) and blood brain barrier integrity (IgG). At day 1, the focal lesions depicted with T2-weighted images were very similar among groups and related to vasogenic edema (high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), gadolinium enhancement and IgG extravasation) induced by cytokines irrespective of the pre-sensitization step. Then, at day 3, MOG50 rats developed statistically larger T2 lesions than MOG25 and control rats that were correlated with inflammatory cell accumulation. At day 7, MOG50 rats also showed larger T2 lesions than MOG25 and control rats, together with loss of anisotropy that were correlated with demyelination. In contrast, MOG25 and control rats developed similar MR lesions decreasing over time and almost undetectable at day 7. We conclude that with a high pre-sensitization step, the focal lesion can be monitored by MRI whose signal reflects some features of a MS-like lesion, i.e. edema, inflammatory cell accumulation and later demyelination.