Characterization of a dominant anti-Ia idiotype using the IA mutant mouse strain B6.C-H-2bm12

Initial studies of antibody recognition of Ia molecules using the IA mutant mouse strain bm12 suggested that two anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 25-9-17 and 34-5-3, share several features: (1) indistinguishable serologic specificity including a lack of reactivity with Iabm12, (2) binding of the same spatial epitope (cluster), and (3) definition of a cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) as defined by xenogeneic antisera. In the present study we characterize a rabbit anti-idiotype (anti-Id) to 25-9-17 by affinity chromatography, and demonstrate that it detects at least two distinct idiotopes, one shared by 25-9-17 and 34-5-3 designated CRI (25-9-17) and one unique for 25-9-17 molecules. Experiments were also undertaken to determine whether CRI (25-9-17) represents a measurable component of allogeneic humoral responses to Iab antigens. By both absorption analyses of a polyspecific antiserum and production of antigenically-restricted antisera using bm12 mice, CRI (25-9-17) was found to represent a significant proportion of the antibodies to Iab. By several criteria it was shown that the CRI (25-9-17)+ molecules were among the antibodies defining the serologic lesion of bm12 mice. In preparation for future studies to alter in vivo T-cell responses involving recognition of Ia (e.g. graft vs host disease and allogeneic transplant rejection), various immunization protocols and mouse strains were tested for induction of Id (25-9-17) following in vivo administration of various anti-idiotypic reagents. Rabbit anti-Id (25-9-17) successfully induced CRI (25-9-17) positive molecules in all strains tested regardless of IA or Ig genotype. Moreover, some of these treated mice produced antibodies to an Ia determinant missing on bm12 cells, suggesting that they recognize the same serologic determinant as mAb 25-9-17.     

广东南海市登革热病原学及血清学检测

目的　为了明确广东省南海市１９９８ 年夏、秋季一批发烧、出疹病人的诊断。方法收集疑似登革热（ＤＦ）患者血清５２份,应用逆转录 聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ ＰＣＲ）、病毒分离和间接免疫荧光技术分别进行了病原学和血清学检测。结果　从２５ 份发病早期患者血标本中分离病毒１０ 份,经用单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光检测和ＲＴ ＰＣＲ检测证实ＤＥＮ２ 型感染。ＩｇＧ抗体检测,阳性率为４６－１５％ （２４／５２） ,最高滴度达１∶１２８０,ＩｇＭ 抗体检测阳性率为６０％ （１５／２５）。部分病人双份抗体检测,抗体滴度４ 倍升高。结论　此次南海市登革热暴发流行为登革２ 型感染所致。     

汉坦病毒重组核蛋白抗体用于鼠肺组织病毒抗原的检测

目的纯化汉坦病毒(HV)SEO型L99株重组核蛋白(rNP),制备抗体用于鼠肺组织HV抗原的检测。方法重组菌株E.coliBL21(DE3)/pET32a-L99S经IPTG诱导表达rNP,采用Ni亲和层析方法纯化,纯化蛋白免疫日本大耳白兔,获取抗血清用于间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测鼠肺组织的HV抗原;并与病人混合血清作为一抗的IFA结果进行比较,部分标本进一步用RT-PCR法进行验证。结果rNP表达量占菌体总蛋白的52.2%,纯化蛋白的总回收率为22.9%;纯化蛋白Western blot分析为单带,纯度达95%以上,用其制备多克隆抗体滴度达1∶512000。IFA检测59份鼠肺标本,用兔rNP抗体和病人混合血清作为一抗其阳性率分别为23.7%和16.9%;两者结果不一致的6份鼠肺经RT-PCR检测HV核酸,均与兔rNP抗体的IFA结果相一致。结论采用rNP抗体进行IFA检测,可显著地提高鼠类HV感染监测的准确性,值得推广使用。     

云南健康人群巴尔通体感染的血清学评估

目的了解巴尔通体(Bartonella)在云南健康人群中的感染情况。方法以间接免疫荧光抗体测定法(IFA)对30份有可疑鼠类接触史的云南健康人血消行以抗Bartonella Elizabethae等9种不同巴尔通体抗原的IgG和IgM抗体水平测定。结果有5份血清对4种抗原发生反应，其中1份抗B．elizabethae IgG阳性(1：128)；其他为抗Neotoma IgG(1：128)或IgM及抗A1 IgM(≥1：32)阳性。结论巴尔通体感染存在于人群中，考虑目前临床众多不明原因发热患者及一些临床疑难杂症与B．elizabethae及其他鼠传巴尔通体的感染有关，有必要在云南乃至全国范围内进行巴尔通体人群感染状况的进一步调查，对病人的治疗提出行之有效的科学的方法。     

卡氏肺孢子虫感染的免疫诊断研究

目的：探讨肺泡灌洗液、血清抗原及血清抗体检测诊断卡氏肺孢子虫感染的价值。方法：利用免疫抑制大鼠模型及双夹心ELISA法检测不同时期感染大鼠肺泡灌洗液和血清中肺孢子虫抗原，用IFA法检测血清中的肺孢子虫IgG抗体，并与病原学检查结果进行比较。结果：感染大鼠肺泡灌洗液的抗原检测于免疫抑制6－8wk后均呈阳性，而对照组大鼠均呈阴性；大多数感染大鼠血清抗原检测为阴性；正常大鼠血清中有低滴度肺孢子虫IgG抗体，感染大鼠抗体滴度轻度升高或不升高，但中止免疫抑制后血清抗体滴度明显升高，而肺泡灌洗液中抗原逐渐阴转。结论：肺泡灌洗液抗原检测可用于肺孢子虫感染的诊断，但血清中很难检出这种抗原；血清IgG抗体的上升并不表示为现症感染.     

Effectiveness and Feasibility of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation to Adolescent Girls and Boys through Peer Educators at Community Level in the Tribal Area of Gujarat

Background:Anemia during adolescence affects growth and development of girls and boys increasing their vulnerability to dropping out-of-school. Hence investing in preventing anemia during adolescence is critical for their survival, growth and development.Objective:To find out the burden of anemia on adolescent age group in the tribal area of Jhagadia block and to assess the change in the hemoglobin level through the weekly Iron and Folic Acid IFA (DOTS) directly observed treatment supplementation under Supervision by Peer Educators at Community level among adolescents.Methods:Community based intervention study conducted with adolescents (117 girls and 127 boys) aged 10-19 years, through supplementation of IFA (DOTS) by trained Peer Educators for 52 weeks in 5 tribal villages of Jhagadia. Hemoglobin level was determined by HemoCue method before and after intervention and sickle cell anemia by Electrophoresis method. Primary data on hemoglobin and number of tablets consumed was collected and statistically analyzed in SPSS 16.0 software by applying paired t-test.Results:The overall findings suggest that the prevalence of anemia reduced from 79.5% to 58% among adolescent girls and from 64% to 39% among boys. Mean rise of hemoglobin seen was 1.5 g/dl among adolescent boys and 1.3 g/dl among girls. A significant association was found in change in hemoglobin before and after intervention (P = 0.000)Conclusion:Prevalence of anemia among girls and boys can be reduced in their adolescent phase of life, through weekly supplementation of iron folic acid tablets under direct supervision and Nutrition Education by Peer Educator at community level.     

Comparison of immunogenicity of five MSP1-based malaria vaccine candidate antigens in rabbits

A number of laboratories around the world are producing Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte-stage vaccine candidates in the pursuit of a vaccine against clinical malaria disease. These candidates are often based on the same parasite protein. Rigorous clinical development and testing of multiple candidates is limited by available resources, which underscores the need to conduct comparative studies of the different vaccine candidates. The purpose of this study was to compare five different candidate proteins all based on P. falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1). After investigators submitted their candidates, basic protein profiles were evaluated in a blinded fashion by an independent laboratory, and groups of rabbits were immunized with the proteins. Sera obtained from the rabbits were compared for antibody titers by ELISA and for functional activity by an in vitro parasite growth inhibition assay (GIA) activity, again in a blinded fashion. In selected cases the fine specificity of the antibodies was assessed. Significant differences in immunogenicity as well as the functional activity of antibodies induced by the various vaccine candidates were noted. Data from this study can assist in making decisions for further clinical development of MSP1-based candidates, and this process sets a precedent for future comparisons of malaria vaccine candidates.     

The caveolin-1 binding domain of HIV-1 glycoprotein gp41 (CBD1) contains several overlapping neutralizing epitopes

The CBD1 peptide (SLEQIWNNMTWMQWDK), corresponding to the consensus caveolin-1 binding domain in HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41 (CBD1), elicits the production of antibodies that inhibit infection of primary CD4⁺ T lymphocytes by various primary HIV-1 isolates. Here we show that HIV-neutralizing antibodies against CBD1 react with multiple conformational epitopes that overlap the highly conserved caveolin-1 binding motif (CBM) with the N-terminal conserved isoleucine residue. The CBM-based peptides IWNNMTWMQW and IWNNMTW when fused to a T helper epitope are immunogenic by inducing high titer CBM-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing HIV-1 infection in primary T lymphocyte cultures. Interestingly, neutralizing immune sera raised against a given peptide do not cross-react with related CBM-derived peptides, thus suggesting the existence of distinct neutralizing epitopes that probably reflect the dynamic conformational features of CBD1. In accord with this, the mixture of neutralizing immune sera raised against several CBM-derived peptides exerts a synergistic neutralizing activity against HIV-1 infection. Finally, the existence of several distinct overlapping epitopes in CBD1 is confirmed by murine monoclonal antibodies that we generated against the CBM-derived chimeric peptides. Our results indicate that CBD1- and CBM-based peptides mimic distinct dynamic conformations of CBD1, and thus such peptides could provide specific immunogens for an efficient vaccine preparation against HIV/AIDS infection.     

蜱传脑炎疑似患者中抗莱姆病螺旋体抗体的调查

作者应用间接免疫荧光抗体法，对黑龙江省林区１２０６例蜱传脑炎疑似患者分别作了抗蜱传脑炎病毒抗体和抗莱姆病螺旋体抗体检查。阳性数前者为２０１例（１６．６７％），后者为１０２例（８．４６％），两者均阳性的２８例。表明临床疑似蜱传脑炎患者中有相当数量为莱姆病，并从血清学上证实蜱传脑炎与莱姆病间存在同时或相继的双重感染。     

间接免疫荧光法在检测SARS冠状病毒特异性抗体中的应用

目的 利用间接免疫荧光技术(IFA)建立SARS冠状病毒(SARS—CoV)特异性抗体血清学诊断方法。方法 采用组织培养技术，用SARS病人的咽漱液样本，在Vero—E6细胞中培养，分离SARS冠状病毒；用已制备的SARS病毒抗原片与临床确诊为SARS的病人双相血清和正常人对照血清作用，再用荧光标记羊抗人IgM/IgG抗体与之结合，在荧光显微镜下观察荧光图像。结果 通过建立检测SARS冠状病毒特异性抗体的间接免疫荧光方法，在44份SARS临床病例标本中，检出IgG抗体阳性3l份，与临床诊断符合率为70．45％。31份IgG阳性者的急性期血清中IgM检出率为38．70％，IgM最早产生于发病第3天，发病7d以上的6例的IgM抗体均为阳性，滴度在发病12～15d达到高峰(1：80)；恢复期血清中IgG抗体最早产生于发病第8天，滴度在发病15～20d达到高峰(1：320～1：640)。97份正常人的血清标本中IgG抗体阳性率为3．09％，IgM抗体为阴性。结论 利用此方法，证实被SARS冠状病毒感染后，在机体中产生有特异性的IgM／IgG抗体；本方法检测结果与临床诊断符合率较高，可以用于早期临床诊断SARS病毒感染和辅助临床做出鉴别诊断。