Eagle's综合征的诊断和治疗——附7例分析

茎突过长是一种较少见的解剖异常，偶而可伴随有口咽，头颈部的不适或疼痛，并被命名为Ｅａｇｌｅ＇ｓ综合征。本文对７例因茎突过长而致口腔、咽、颈部不适的患者，从发病原因、病理机制、临床表现和体征，诊断及治疗等各方面进行了回顾分析；总结了两种手术途径的适应征和优缺点。作者首次将３维ＣＴ重建成像技术用于Ｅａｇｌｅ＇ｓ综合征的诊断，认为与以前常用的Ｘ线检查方法相比，３维ＣＴ重建成像技术具有更为明显的优点     

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in asymptomatic pediatric dental patients

BackgroundChildren with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are typically asymptomatic but contagious. The authors investigated the positivity rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric dental patients.MethodsThe authors reviewed consecutive charts of children younger than 18 years scheduled for elective dental procedures from April 1, 2020, through August 1, 2020. All patients were screened for signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Asymptomatic patients scheduled for dental procedures underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. Sociodemographic characteristics were abstracted, and positivity rates were calculated. Variables for patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative were compared using Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U tests.ResultsThe sample size was 921. The median age was 6 years, and 50.9% were boys. The overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 2.3%. Age, insurance status, medical history, and dental diagnosis were comparable in patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative. Positivity rates were statistically higher for Hispanic or Latinx patients than other groups (P = .038).ConclusionsAlthough the yield of testing was low, the systematic evaluation of asymptomatic pediatric dental cases via PCR resulted in the identification of SARS-CoV-2 carriers who could have been infectious. In this study, Hispanics or Latinx had a higher positivity rate than other demographic groups.Practical ImplicationsPCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 of asymptomatic patients in pediatric dentistry adds value to the use of screening questionnaires for the identification of infected people who could be contagious.     

Dysgeusia: A review in the context of COVID-19

BackgroundTaste disorders in general, and dysgeusia in particular, are relatively common disorders that may be a sign of a more complex acute or chronic medical condition. During the COVID-19 pandemic, taste disorders have found their way into the realm of general as well as specialty dentistry, with significance in screening for patients who potentially may have the virus.Types of Studies ReviewedThe authors searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for studies focused on dysgeusia, ageusia, and other taste disorders and their relationship to local and systemic causes.ResultsThe authors found pertinent literature explaining the normal physiology of taste sensation, proposals for suggested new tastes, presence of gustatory receptors in remote tissues of the body, and etiology and pathophysiology of taste disorders, in addition to the valuable knowledge gained about gustatory disorders in the context of COVID-19. Along with olfactory disorders, taste disorders are one of the earliest suggestive symptoms of COVID-19 infection.ConclusionsGustatory disorders are the result of local or systemic etiology or both. Newer taste sensations, such as calcium and fat tastes, have been discovered, as well as taste receptors that are remote from the oropharyngeal area. Literature published during the COVID-19 pandemic to date reinforces the significance of early detection of potential patients with COVID-19 by means of screening for recent-onset taste disorders.Practical ImplicationsTimely screening and identification of potential gustatory disorders are paramount for the dental care practitioner to aid in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 and other serious systemic disorders.     

Dentofacial features of a family with Crouzon syndrome. Case reports

Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by craniosynostosis with associated dentofacial anomalies. This paper describes the variable clinical features in affected individuals over two generations of a family with particular reference to the dentofacial deformities and discussion of management strategies.     

Influences of interferon-gamma on cell proliferation and interleukin-6 production in Down syndrome derived fibroblasts

Objective

Down syndrome, a frequently encountered genetic disorder, is usually associated with medical problems related to infectious disease, such as periodontal diseases and prolonged wound healing. Although affected individuals are considered to have clinical problems related to high interferon (IFN) sensitivity, the molecular mechanisms of IFN activities are not completely understood.

Design

Down syndrome derived fibroblasts, Detroit 539 (D1) and Hs 52.Sk (D2) cells, were used. To analyse the expressions of interferon (IFN) receptors and downstream of IFN-γ, western blotting was performed. Cell proliferation was determined by counting cells following trypan blue staining. Media levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were quantified using ELISA.

Results

IFN-γ receptor 2 and IFN-α receptor 1, but not IFN-γ receptor 1, were highly expressed in D1 and D2 cells, as compared to the control fibroblast cells. Cell proliferation by D1 and D2 cells was lower than that by the control fibroblasts, further, IFN-γ had a greater effect to inhibit cell proliferation by D1 and D2 cells. In addition, IFN-γ treatment increased the phosphorylation of STAT1 and MAPK in D1 cells as compared to normal fibroblasts. Also, the presence of exogenous IFN-γ in the growth medium significantly induced IL-6, but not IL-1β or TNF-α, in D1 and D2 cells.

Conclusion

Taken together, our results are consistent with hypersensitive reactions to IFN-γ seen in patients with Down syndrome and may provide useful information to elucidate the mechanisms of IFN-γ activities in those individuals.     

Dynamic magnetic resonance sialography as a new diagnostic technique for patients with Sjögren's syndrome

Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility of dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) sialographic images as a diagnostic tool for patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Methods: The morphological findings and various kinds of functional parameters in volunteers on dynamic MR sialographic images were compared with those in five patients with definite Sjögren's syndrome. Results: On the MR sialographs of all five patients with Sjögren's syndrome, the so‐called ‘apple‐tree appearance’ was seen. The difference in two functional parameters using the dynamic MR sialographic data was elucidated between the two groups. The maximum area of the detectable ducts in the group of patients was significantly smaller (P < 0.001) than that in the group of volunteers. The ratio of change in the detectable ducts in the group of patients was significantly lower (P = 0.011) than that in the group of volunteers. Conclusions: Our study suggests that dynamic MR sialographic data in addition to MR sialographic images might be useful for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome.     

种植修复Combination综合征临床病例报告

目的探讨Combination综合征病例种植修复设计方法。方法选择上颌牙列缺失、下颌KenneyⅠ类缺损的患者,对满足种植修复条件的7例患者实施上颌种植覆盖义齿或固定桥、下颌种植支持式固定桥修复,观察患者满意度、后牙咬合变化。结果7例种植修复患者临床检查未见种植体松动、固位不良、损坏等问题,种植体周围软组织健康。种植修复患者满意程度较高。结论Combination综合征患者修复宜以种植修复方式提供足够后牙支持,减少前牙剪切力破坏。     

少汗型外胚层发育不全1例

本文报道1例外胚层发育不全病例,并分析外胚层发育不全的临床表现、发病原因及遗传方面的影响因素等.     

一种可调型下颌前移矫治器治疗OSAS患者的临床应用

目的观察一种可调节的下颌前移矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的情况并评价其临床疗效。方法6名UPPP手术效果不佳的OSAS患者戴用矫治器,治疗前后进行多导睡眠仪监测和X线头影测量。结果患者戴用矫治器感觉舒适并自觉戴用。使用该矫治器一个月后,患者的主观症状明显改善,AI、AHI均明显降低(P<0.01),SaO2明显上升(P<0.01)。X线片显示下颌前移(P<0.05)、气道增宽(P<0.05)、软腭和舌体缩短(P<0.05)、舌骨上移(P<0.01)。结论该下颌前移矫治器的设计针对个体,极易调改、轻便舒适、应用灵活,因此疗效好,且制作简单,适于临床推广应用。