医院船医务人员晕船病发生状况的调查

目的　探讨医院船医务人员 (以下称医院船人员 )晕船状况及其影响因素 ,为预防晕船病提供科学依据。方法　在出航前一个星期和出航第 2天采用自行设计一般项目调查表、状态—特质焦虑问卷、特质应对方式问卷和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表对 12 6名医院船人员进行调查。结果　轻度晕船 5 9例 ,中度晕船 2 8例 ,重度晕船 4例。出航后状态焦虑分明显高于出航前 ,且差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,而特质焦虑分出航前后差异不显著。 5 2. 4 %的人睡眠质量差 ,PSQI各成分之间多数均成显著性正相关关系 (P <0 . 0 1) ,睡眠质量、入睡时间、PSQI总分与消极应对方式呈显著正相关关系 (P <0 . 0 1)。结论　晕船者存在焦虑的负性情绪体验 ,应对医院船人员加强抗缺氧、抗躁音、抗异味、抗晃动等为一体的综合训练和心理耐力训练。     

母亲依恋量表应用效果评价

目的:引进母亲依恋量表,评价其在国内的应用效果。方法:对原量表进行翻译、修订后,选择北京有代表性地区404例次3~6岁儿童进行测试。结果:总量表和两个分量表均具有较好的一致性信度(重测信度0.427~0.673,内部一致性α系数0.669~0.794)和效度。结论:该量表可在临床和社区用于评价孩子的母亲依恋。     

焦虑症中医证候多元分析初步研究

目的:探讨焦虑症的客观辨证方法。方法:对符合CCMD-3广泛性焦虑症诊断标准者,填写中医临床症状表,并采用多元统计方法分析焦虑症的中医症状、证型分布特征。结果:聚类分析将焦虑症的临床10余种证型简化为5种证型组合。5种证型组合中复合证候较多,以心脾两虚型最为多见,与临床观察实际基本符合。判别分析进一步显示了每组证型构成表征的权重和具有鉴别意义的表征,为实现客观辨证提供了依据。然而,聚类分析所得到的证型分类与传统中医辨证分型之间也存在一定的差异。结论:多元分析方法是焦虑症实现辨证客观化的途径之一。但聚类分析所得到的证型如何实现与传统临床治疗经验的对接有待进一步探索。     

Observations on the efficacy of mind-calming and brain-refreshing acupuncture and moxibustion for treating 42 anxiety patients

目的:观察针刺配合艾灸治疗焦虑症的疗效.方法:以针刺配合艾灸治疗焦虑症42例为治疗组,同时随机设西药治疗45例为对照组,进行对照观察.结果:治疗组总有效率92.9%,对照组71.1%,两组差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论:治疗组明显优于对照组,且无副作用和药物依赖性.     

安神清脑法针灸治疗焦虑症42例疗效观察

目的 观察针刺配合艾灸治疗焦虑症的疗效。方法 以针刺配合艾灸治疗焦虑症42例为治疗组，同时随机设西药治疗焦虑症45例为对照组，进行对照观察。结果 治疗组总有效率92．9％，对照组71．1％，两组差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论 治疗组明显优于对照组，且无副作用和药物依赖性。     

个体化音乐干预对肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞患者术前焦虑的研究

目的：探讨个体化音乐干预对肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）患者术前焦虑的影响。方法：调查107例肝癌行TACE手术患者的音乐背景并随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组术前1-2小时给予个体化音乐干预30分钟，对照组则只戴耳机不听音乐，观察干预前后焦虑、血压、心率。结果：（1）个体化音乐对术前焦虑的影响：实验组音乐干预后焦虑评分下降显著低于对照组件（P=0．02）；实验组收缩压呈下降趋势（P=0．04）。（2）个体化音乐对不同人群效果不同：女性患者焦虑的下降程度显著高予男性患者，差异有统计学意义（P=0．04）。受教育程度高下降明显（F=4．36，P=0．02）。结论：个体化音乐可减轻肝癌TACE患者术前焦虑，尤其对女性、文化程度高者效果更明显。     

Depressive disorder in preschool children: patterns of affective organization

In the present study the authors attempt to identify the pattern of depressive problems in children aged 3 to 6 years by employing a new rating scale (The Preschool Children Depression Checklist). Depressive symptoms were expressed in the form of 32 questions that cover an array of depressive behaviors as manifested in this age range. A factor analysis was carried out on 156 checklists submitted to the teachers of the control group in order to identify early affective behavioral patterns of the depressive disorder. Results confirmed the hypothesis that a coherent emotional structure underpins children's manifest behaviors. Three factors were empirically derived. These factors seem to be particularly important since statistical comparison showed significant differences among factor scores of a sample of children who met diagnosis of depression, a sample of children who met diagnosis of anxiety disorder, a sample of control children.     

Risk factors for postoperative anxiety in adults

We identified risk factors for postoperative anxiety and quantified their effect on 712 adults between 18 and 60 years of age (ASA I-III physical status) undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia, neural blockade or both. The measuring instruments were a structured questionnaire, a pain visual analogue scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, a Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20, and a Self-Perception of Future Questionnaire. Multivariate conditional regression modelling taking into account the hierarchical relationship between risk factors revealed that postoperative anxiety was associated with ASA status III (OR = 1.48), history of smoking (1.62), moderate to intense postoperative pain (OR = 2.62) and high pain rating index (OR = 2.35), minor psychiatric disorders (OR = 1.87), pre-operative state-anxiety (OR = 2.65), and negative future perception (OR = 2.20). Neural block anaesthesia (OR = 0.72), systemic multimodal analgesia (OR = 0.62) and neuroaxial opioids with or without local anaesthesia (OR = 0.63) were found to be protective factors against postoperative anxiety.     

Temperament as a moderator of pathways to conscience in children: the contribution of electrodermal activity

A longitudinal study (G. K. Kochanska, 1997) showed that temperamental fearfulness, assessed at toddler age via observational data and maternal ratings, moderated pathways to internalized conscience at age 4. For fearful children, maternal gentle discipline deemphasizing power predicted conscience development; for fearless children, attachment security predicted conscience development. Electrodermal reactivity assessed at age 4 on the same children was used as a physiological reflection of fearful temperament and was substituted for the earlier fearfulness measure to test the theoretical model. As expected, for electrodermally reactive children, maternal gentle discipline predicted conscience, whereas for nonreactive children, attachment security predicted conscience. The findings support the notions of (a) electrodermal reactivity at an early age as a correlate of temperament, (b) temperament as a moderator of socialization in early moral development, and (c) lovelessness in psychopathic individuals as an index of the failure of the alternative pathway (via attachment) to conscience in fearless children.     

汶川地震灾后居民安置点焦虑状况及影响因素调查

目的 了解中国汶川地震1个月后灾民安置点居民的焦虑状况以及影响因素.方法 随机抽取四川省江油市4个乡镇13个安置点居住于帐篷18岁及以上居民402名,使用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和相关因素调查表调查.结果地震灾后约1个月安置点居民的焦虑现患率为22.1%(89/402,95%CI:18.2%～26.6%).单因素分析发现,女性、40岁以上、家庭人均月收入＜600元、初中以下文化、生活不便、慢性病史、帐篷人均居住面积较小、政府提供物资不够以及性行为受影响均可增加焦虑状况.多因素分析发现,女性(OR=2.921)、生活不便(OR=2.475)、慢性病史(OR=3.997)和人均居住面积较小(OR=2.982)为影响因素.结论安置点居民焦虑率高于一般人群.建议今后在设安置点时,除了保障安置点居民水、电、厕所、沐浴、物质供应、居住面积外,还应考虑提供一定的私人空间;针对高危人群及早进行灾后心理干预,减轻焦虑状况.