BMP4 通过诱导EMT 促进肝癌迁移侵袭*

目的:检测BMP 4 在肝癌中的表达并探讨BMP 4 在诱导肝癌EMT 中的作用,进而研究其对肝癌细胞迁移侵袭能力的影响。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测肝癌组织中BMP 4 的表达,分析其与肝癌临床病理资料之间的关系。将BMP 4 表达质粒转染至肝癌细胞系HepG2 中,诱导BMP 4 外源性过表达。观察BMP 4 转染前、后HepG2 的细胞形态学改变;Westernblot检测转染前、后HepG2 中BMP 4、EMT 相关蛋白（E-cadherin、Vimentin）表达变化情况;划痕和侵袭实验检测BMP 4 对细胞迁移侵袭能力的影响。结果:BMP 4 与患者的年龄、病理分级、临床分期、不良预后密切相关。BMP 4 过表达后HepG2 呈现典型的EMT 形态学改变,E-cadherin 表达下调、Vimentin 表达上调、细胞的迁移侵袭能力显著增强。结论:BMP 4 与肝癌临床病理资料密切相关,并可能通过诱导EMT 促进肝癌细胞的迁移侵袭能力。      

人脑胶质瘤PET成像中11C-蛋氨酸摄取与LATl和4F2hc表达的关系

背景与目的：以“C-蛋氨酸（11C-MET）为示踪剂的正电子发射体层成像（PET）可为脑肿瘤的氨基酸代谢提供重要信息,大型氨基酸转运载体1（LATl）和细胞表面抗原4F2重链（4F2hc）所形成的LATl／4F2hc复合物是包括蛋氨酸在内的大型、中性氨基酸的主要转运载体．本研究旨在探讨人脑胶质瘤中11C-MET摄取量与LATl和4F2hc表达的关系。方法：对30例新诊断的脑胶质瘤患者行11C-METPET检查．计算11C-MET最大标准化摄取值（SUVmax）;采用免疫组化方法检测LATl和4F2hc在相同脑胶质瘤标本中的表达;分析11C-METSUVmax、LATl和4F2hc表达水平与胶质瘤临床病理学特征的关系以及三者之间的关系。结果：HC．METSUVmax、LATl和4F2hc表达均随胶质瘤病理级别的升高而明显增强（P=0．000。P=0．028。P=0．003）,在高恶性度胶质瘤中11C．METSUVmax、LATl和4F2hc表达也均明显强于低恶性度胶质瘤（P=0．000．P=0．032．P=O．004）：LAT1和4F2hc表达之间存在明显正相关（P=0．036）;uC．METSUVmax与IATl表达也存在明显正相关（P=0．003）,但与4F2hc表达无明显相关性（P=0．366）。结论：11C-MET摄取量以及LATl和4F2hc表达与脑胶质瘤的病理学特征关系密切．LATl高表达可能是脑胶质瘤11C-MET摄取量增高的一个重要因素。     

Synergistic antitumor effect of adenovirus-mediated hING4 gene therapy and (125)I radiation therapy on pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, even with surgery. ING4 is a member of the inhibitor of growth (ING) tumor suppressor family that has potent inhibitory effects on a variety of tumors; meanwhile, radiotherapy is a common adjunctive therapy for pancreatic cancer. Prior to this study, the effectiveness of a combination of ING4 gene-therapy and radiotherapy against pancreatic cancer had been unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that either ING4 or ¹²⁵I radiotherapy treatment could induce Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cell growth suppression and apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, both treatments inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis of Panc-1 pancreatic cancer subcutaneously xenografted in vivo. Moreover, the combination therapy had a synergistic effect.     

DLL4和VEGF蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：检测大肠癌组织中DLL4和VEGF的表达,探讨其与临床病理参数的关系、临床意义及两者的相关性。方法：采用免疫组化Envision法检测60例结直肠癌及21例癌旁正常组织中DLL4、VEGF的表达情况。结果：DLL4和VEGF在大肠癌组织中表达的阳性率分别为75.0%、61.67%,明显高于癌旁正常组织（P〈0.05）。DLL4及VEGF蛋白在大肠癌中的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.05）;二者在大肠癌组织中的表达与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小及组织学分化程度无关（P〉0.05）。DLL4阳性表达病例中的VEGF表达率明显高于DLL4阴性表达的病例,DLL4和VEGF蛋白表达水平呈明显正相关（r=0.257,P〈0.05）。结论：DLL4和VEGF在大肠癌和正常大肠组织中的表达差异有统计学意义,DLL4在大肠癌组织中的表达上调与VEGF有关,它们可能共同调控肿瘤新生血管发生,参与大肠癌的侵袭和转移,从而影响患者的预后。     

Lack of effect of aprepitant on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in cancer patients

Background Aprepitant is a selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist that is effective for the prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by highly emetogenic chemotherapy. In vitro, aprepitant is a moderate inhibitor of the CYP3A4 enzyme, which is involved in the clearance of several chemotherapeutic agents. In this study we examined the potential for aprepitant to affect the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intravenously administered docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent that is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4.Methods A total of 11 cancer patients (4 male, 7 female, aged 50–68 years) were enrolled in this multicenter, randomized, open-label, two-period, crossover study. Patients received a single infusion of docetaxel monotherapy, 60–100 mg/m², on two occasions at least 3 weeks apart. During one of the cycles (treatment A), patients received docetaxel alone. During the alternate cycle (treatment B), they also received aprepitant 125 mg orally 1 h prior to docetaxel infusion (day 1), and a single oral dose of aprepitant 80 mg on days 2 and 3. The pharmacokinetic profile of docetaxel was assessed over 30 h following docetaxel infusion. Blood counts were monitored on days 1, 4, 7, and 14.Results Ten patients completed the study. Concomitant administration of aprepitant did not cause any statistically or clinically significant changes in docetaxel pharmacokinetics. Values for docetaxel alone (treatment A) versus docetaxel with aprepitant (treatment B) were as follows: geometric mean AUC_0–last was 3.26 vs 3.17 g h/ml (P>0.25; ratio B/A 0.97); geometric mean AUC_0– 3.51 vs 3.39 g h/ml (P>0.25; ratio B/A 0.96); geometric mean C_max was 3.53 vs 3.37 g/ml (P>0.25; ratio B/A 0.95); and geometric mean plasma clearance was 23.3 vs 24.2 l/h/m² (P>0.25; ratio B/A 1.04). The corresponding harmonic mean half-life values were 10.1 and 8.5 h. The two treatment regimens had similar tolerability profiles; the median absolute neutrophil count nadirs were 681/mm³ during treatment with docetaxel alone and 975/mm³ during aprepitant coadministration.Conclusions Aprepitant had no clinically significant effect on either the pharmacokinetics or toxicity of standard doses of docetaxel in cancer patients. Aprepitant at clinically recommended doses may have a low potential to affect the pharmacokinetics of intravenous chemotherapeutic agents metabolized by CYP3A4.     

安体优I抑制肿瘤淋巴管生成的实验研究

目的：观察安体优I对615小鼠HCa—F肝癌淋巴道转移的影响,探讨其作用机理。方法：生理盐水、干扰素和安体优1分别作用于动物模型,3周后检测转移淋巴结计数及转移率;免疫组化检测VEGF—C和Flt-4,5’-Nase—ALP双重组织化学法检测淋巴管微密度。结果：模型组、0l—IFN组和中药组转移淋巴结计数分别为5．88±2．30、4．13zl：1．64和3．50±1．91个;淋巴结转移率分别为78．6％、61．1％和57．4％;微淋巴管密度分别为25．25±4．59、22．384-4．41和21．75±4．71;VEGF—c的阳性率分别为87．5％、25．0％和25．0％,Fit-4阳性率分别为100．O％、37．5％和50．0％,中药组与模型组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;结论：安体优I具有抑制615小鼠HCa—F肝癌淋巴道转移作用,其机制可能与下调淋巴管生成信号通路VEGF—c及其受体Fit-4的表达,抑制肿瘤淋巴管生成相关。     

靶向4-1BBL 和CD3 双信号的协同抗肿瘤作用机制研究*

目的:探讨人4-1BBL 胞外区/抗CD20融合蛋白增强抗CD3/抗CD20diabody介导的靶向杀伤作用及其机制。方法:通过表达纯化人4-1BBL 胞外区/抗CD20融合蛋白及抗CD3/抗CD20diabody,利用台盼蓝计数观察联合应用人4-1BBL 胞外区/抗CD20融合蛋白及抗CD3/抗CD20diabody对淋巴细胞增殖的影响;采用ELISA 检测白介素-2（IL- 2）水平。RT-PCR 检测穿孔素和颗粒酶mRNA 的表达。Calcein 检测其联合应用抗CD3/抗CD20双功能抗体及PBL 对靶细胞Raji 细胞的杀伤作用。结果:人4-1BBL 胞外区/抗CD20融合蛋白增强抗CD3/抗CD20diabody对靶细胞Raji 细胞的杀伤作用,其机制可能是促进淋巴细胞增殖,减少细胞死亡,促进IL- 2 分泌及上调穿孔素和颗粒酶mRNA 表达。结论:人4-1BBL 胞外区/抗CD20融合蛋白与抗CD3/抗CD20diabody联合应用,分别靶向4-1BBL 和CD3 双信号发挥协同抗肿瘤作用,为肿瘤免疫治疗提供了新的思路。      

乳腺癌患者淋巴结CD4＋CD25＋T细胞和相关细胞因子的检测及相关性分析

目的探讨CD4＋CD25＋T细胞在乳腺癌发生、发展中的作用。方法将取自35例乳腺癌患者的105个肿大淋巴结,制备成单细胞悬液,应用流式细胞仪检测CD4＋CD25＋T细胞比例及CD4＋CD25-、CD8＋T细胞、NK细胞的相对水平。采用定量RT-PCR法,检测IL-2、IL-10、TGF-β1和IFN-γ的细胞因子水平。结果乳腺癌患者淋巴结中的CD4＋CD25＋T细胞水平（在CD4＋T细胞中的百分含量）与淋巴结转移相关,转移淋巴结中其水平明显高于未转移淋巴结。乳腺癌患者淋巴结中CD4＋CD25＋T细胞与CD4＋CD25-、CD8＋T细胞和NK细胞的水平呈负相关关系。乳腺癌患者淋巴结中CD4＋CD25＋T细胞水平与TGF-β1呈正相关,与IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ无相关性。乳腺癌患者淋巴结中TGF-β1、IL-10、IFN-γ水平与淋巴结转移相关,转移淋巴结中TGF-β1、IL-10含量高而IFN-γ含量较低。IL-2与淋巴结转移无相关性。结论乳腺癌患者转移淋巴结中的CD4＋CD25＋T细胞水平高于未转移淋巴结。