米索前列醇和PG05配伍米非司酮终止早孕的临床多中心随机比较试验

本研究为一项由十个单位参加的多中心临床试验，随机比较了三种用药方案：１．米非司酮２５ｍｇＱ１２ｈ×５＋ＰＧ０５１ｍｇ阴道塞药（组Ⅰ），２．米非司酮，同前十米索６００μｇ（组Ⅱ），３．米非司酮２００ｍｇ＋米索６００μｇ（组Ⅲ）终止早孕的安全性、有效性和可接受性。结果显示完全流产率为９４．２２％（９１３／９６９），其中组Ⅲ为９１．５０％，明显低于组Ⅰ（９５．２２％）和组Ⅰ（９６．１２％）（Ｐ＝０．０２５）；失败率为１．６５％（１６／９６９），其中组Ⅲ为３．５２％，显著高于组Ⅰ（１．３７％）、组Ⅱ（０％）（Ｐ＝０．００１）；不完全流产率为２．８９％（２８／９６９），失访（结局不明）率为１．２４％（１２／９６９），三组间均无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；自应用ＰＧ至孕囊排出时间，三组分别为３．０６±１．６５，２．８１±２．７５，３．２１±１．６１ｈ（Ｘ±ＳＤ），组Ⅱ稍短于其他两组，其差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）；阴道出血持续时间和转经时间无明显组间差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。９０％以上的对象均对药物流产方法表示满意。结果提示米索配伍米非司酮的安全性、有效性和可接受性令人满意；米非司酮低剂量多次给药与米索有较好的协同作用。     

Fusarium Head Blight Control and Prevention of Mycotoxin Contamination in Wheat with Botanicals and Tannic Acid

Suspensions or solutions with 1% of Chinese galls (Galla chinensis, GC) or 1% of tannic acid (TA), inhibited germination of conidia or mycelium growth of Fusarium graminearum (FG) by 98%–100% or by 75%–80%, respectively, whereas dried bark from buckthorn (Frangula alnus, FA) showed no effect at this concentration. In climate chamber experiments where the wheat variety “Apogee” was artificially inoculated with FG and F. crookwellense (FCr) and treated with 5% suspensions of TA, GC and FA, the deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grains was reduced by 81%, 67% and 33%, respectively. In field experiments with two commercial wheat varieties and artificial or semi-natural inoculations, mean DON reductions of 66% (TA) and 58% (FA), respectively, were obtained. Antifungal toxicity can explain the high efficacies of TA and GC but not those of FA. The Fusarium head blight (FHB) and mycotoxin reducing effect of FA is probably due to elicitation of resistance in wheat plants. With semi-natural inoculation, a single FA application in the first half of the flowering period performed best. However, we assume that applications of FA at the end of ear emergence and a treatment, triggered by an infection period, with TA or GC during flowering, might perform better than synthetic fungicides.     

Cardiovascular and somatic startle and defense: Concordant and discordant actions of benzodiazepine receptor agonists and inverse agonists

Benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) agonists and inverse agonists yield generally opposing effects on GABAergic transmission, and the functional consequences of these ligands are often bidirectional. BZR agonists exert anxiolytic effects, whereas the BZR partial inverse agonist FG 7142 has been reported to have anxiogenic actions in a variety of paradigms. In keeping with this literature, we found that the cardioacceleratory defensive response is enhanced by FG 7142, and attenuated by the BZR agonist chlordiazepoxide. In contrast, both compounds attenuated basal and fear-potentiated somatic startle responses. This did not appear to reflect a global reduction of startle reactivity, however, as the cardiac startle response was not significantly altered. These findings support the view that multiple substrates underlie distinct aspects or features of fear and anxiety. The results are consistent with the suggestion that FG 7142 may selectively enhance those aspects of anxiety that depend on cortical-cognitive processing.     

Immediate-early gene expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala is not specific for anxiolytic or anxiogenic drugs

The lateral, basal, and central nuclei of the amygdala are part of a circuitry that instantiates many fear and anxious behaviors. One line of support indicates that immediate-early gene (IEG) expression (e.g., c-fos and egr-1 (zif268)) is increased in these nuclei following fear conditioning. Other research finds that anxiogenic drugs working through various mechanisms induce IEG expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) suggesting that expression is a neural marker for fear and anxiety. However, several studies have also found that anxiolytic drugs induce IEG expression in the CeA. Expression of egr-1 in the CeA and lateral nucleus of the amygdala following administration of anxiolytic and anxiogenic benzodiazepine and serotonin agonists and antagonists was investigated. The first experiment determined behaviorally active anxiolytic and anxiogenic doses for two anxiogenic drugs (FG 7142 and mCPP) and two anxiolytic drugs (diazepam and buspirone). The effects of anxiogenic and anxiolytic doses of these drugs on egr-1 expression in the amygdala were then tested in a second experiment. All four drugs increased egr-1 in the CeA indicating that increased egr-1 mRNA expression in the CeA is not specific to anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects of the drugs. We suggest that IEG expression in the CeA may be due to activation of circuits that are associated with systemic physiological homeostasis perturbed by a number of drugs including anxiogenic and anxiolytic compounds.     

大鼠端脑皮质到前额叶皮质的传入投射：（FG逆行追踪法研究）

目的：探讨大鼠端脑皮质与前额叶皮质的纤维联系。方法：用ＦＧ（荧光金）逆行追踪法对１５只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠进行研究。结果：观察到大鼠前额叶外侧中央前区皮质广泛接受双侧内侧中央前区（Ｐｒｃｍ）、扣带前皮质（Ａｃｄ、Ａｃｖ）、扣带后皮质（Ｐｃｇ）、边缘前区（ＰＬ）、边缘（ＩＬ）、无粒型岛皮质（Ａｌｄ、Ａｌｖ、Ａｌｐ）。第一、第二感觉运动区（Ｓ１、Ｓ２）、纹状皮（ｓｔｒ１７、ｓｔｒ１８、ｓｔｒ１８ａ区）及颞     

Effects of thymoleptics on behavior associated with changes in brain dopamine

The thymoleptics potentiate and modify the behavioral effects of apomorphine (probably the most specific dopaminergic agonist) as well as those of Dopa. The effect of the thymoleptics is not abolished by emptying of amine stores, and this together with other evidence suggests that these drugs facilitate the access of apomorphine to the dopamine receptors.The effects of thymoleptics on elements of animal behavior that can be associated with brain dopamine appear interesting on the background of a considerable body of evidence indicating an association of brain dopamine with depression and mania (references).     

Alterations in muscle contractile properties and fiber composition after weight-lifting exercise in cats

To determine if weight-lifting exercise alters the contractile properties of muscle, eight cats were trained to lift weights with their right forelimb to receive a food reward. After 10 to 61 weeks of training and lifting (0.45 to 1.52 kg), the palmaris longus (PLM) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles were prepared for physiological examination for 6 trained and 16 control cats. This report demonstrated that exercise-induced hypertrophy resulted in a significant increase in the isometric twitch (35% FCR, 32% PLM) and tetanic (23% FCR, 41% PLM) tensions for both exercised muscles. In addition, there was a significant increase of the time to peak tension (22% FCR, 34% PLM) and half-relaxation time (45% FCR, 78% PLM) of an isometric twitch and a slowing of the rate of tension development (39% FCR, 32% PLM) of the exercised muscles. Even though the overall effect of weight-lifting exercise was to slow the contractile properties of the muscles for most cats, the histochemical profiles of the trained muscles showed a significant increase in fast-twitch glycolytic fibers (from 45 to 58%) and a decrease in the proportion of fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fibers (from 29 to 20%) for the PLM. No significant change was observed in the proportion of slow-twitch oxidative fibers in this muscle or in the fiber proportions of the FCR. It appears that light to moderate weight-lifting exercise alters the contractile properties of the muscle independent of the muscle fiber populations demonstrated by histochemistry.     

An inexpensive automated desensitization procedure for clinical application

A fully automated imaginal desensitization procedure which has been used successfully for five years in a clinical behaviour therapy practice is described. The procedure is discussed in terms of its high degree of clinical flexibility, low cost and simplicity of operation. Two case histories exemplify its use in the treatment of both simple and complex anxiety related problems.     

异体神经移植后再生神经的荧光逆行标记

本文用WI ST AR大鼠作为实验模型,切除1cm坐骨神经,再用同系WI ST AR大鼠坐骨神经行异体桥接,修复坐骨神经的缺损。用FLURO—GO LD(F、G)或FAST、BLUE(F、B)两种荧光标记物,进行示踪检验,证实WISTAR鼠异体神经桥接能修复周围神经的缺损。