Treatment approaches for clients with a stroke‐affected upper limb: Are we following evidence‐based practice?

Stroke rehabilitation is an area of practice that many occupational therapists encounter during their career. The literature promotes a wide range of management techniques and support devices for people who have a stroke-affected upper limb, but little is known about the validity of those that occupational therapists actually use in practice. A questionnaire was sent to occupational therapists working in Queensland and northern New South Wales facilities (n = 35), in which adults with a stroke were likely to be treated. Eighteen respondents answered questions about the management techniques and support devices used in their facility, and their perception of the benefit of these devices in the reduction of hemiplegic shoulder pain. Results are discussed with reference to evidence-based practice and indicate an urgent need for the collation and dissemination of the best current evidence available for the management techniques and support devices used in this area, as well as further research to extend this evidence.     

Independent learning among general practice trainees: an initial survey

Self-directed learning is a natural way for adults to learn. Vocational training for general practice is a preparation for unsupervised clinical work that will be supported, in the main, by continuing medical education. This study uses the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale to investigate factors influencing readiness for such learning among a sample of general practice trainees. Three principal factors emerged from analysis: enjoyment and enthusiasm for learning; a positive self-concept as a learner and a factor suggesting the possibility of a 'reproducing' orientation to learning. These factors may reflect approaches to learning in general rather than these adopted for professional learning, but offer helpful pointers for the development of both vocational training and of continuing medical education.     

北京、广州、上海城市居民营养知识、态度、行为的调查

对北京、广州和上海三大城市随机抽取的９６５名年龄在２０～５０岁的城市居民进行有关营养知识、态度和行为（Ｋ－Ａ－Ｐ）的调查。结果显示，三地区调查对象的营养知识水平不高。营养知识的得分与其自身受教育程度有相关性（ｒ＝０．３０１１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。年龄在３５岁以上的对象，营养知识的得分高于年轻人；三地区调查对象对营养知识的获取，合理的膳食模式，卫生的饮食习惯均持有积极、肯定的态度。食物消费频度调查结果表明，米／面、肉／禽、蔬菜、水果、奶及奶制品的消费量较高。此外，８９．５％，７８．８％和４７．８％的调查对象分别选择报纸、电视、广播作为其主要营养信息来源。本次调查为将来的营养宣教的内容和方法提供依据。     

涉外护理专业学生社区毕业实习效果评价

目的 探讨涉外护理专业学生社区毕业实习模式。方法 随机设定实验组(36人),参加慢性疾病调查、建立健康档案和进行相应的健康教育,结束时与不参加社区毕业实习的对照Ⅰ组(31人)、对照Ⅱ组(38人)的实习生同时接受基础知识和能力闭卷测试。然后统计调查问卷和健康档案的正确率,并将三组测试成绩进行比较。结果 实验组调查问卷和健康档案的正确率≥95％。实习生基础知识得分实验组(43.14±2.78)、对照Ⅱ组(42.53±1.96)与对照Ⅰ组(40.65±2.47)比较;能力得分实验组(47.00±2.34)与对照Ⅰ组(41.61±3.41)、对照Ⅱ组(41.42±3.52)比较;总分实验组(90.14±4.30)与对照Ⅰ组(82.26±5.33)、对照Ⅱ组(83.95±4.13)比较,均P<0.01,差异有极显著性意义。结论 社区毕业实习强化了实习生社区护理的基本知识,培养了实习生社区护理的相关能力。但有待于规范化。     

以计算机为基础的教学(CBE)在护理领域的应用现状

随着计算机和网络技术的普及应用，以计算机为基础的教育(Computer Based Education，CBE)特别是多媒体课件的应用在护理教育中越来越受重视。然而，我国CBE在护理领域的应用尚处于起步阶段，也存在着一些缺陷和不足，有待于进一步完善。     

Signs of ocular disease: A prevalence study in optometric practice

Data on the prevalence of all ocular conditions seen in 1500 consecutive optometric patients were obtained during an investigation into the effectiveness of routine visual field screening. In many instances, these are the first prevalence figures for optometric patient populations. Some of the estimates of prevalence are compared with other optometric and general population surveys. Many disorders were observed, the most frequent being slight to moderate increases in retinal arterial reflex and attenuation, optic cup/disc ratio of 0.4, shallow anterior chambers and family history of glaucoma. The occurrence of some conditions was sporadic, resulting from the relatively small sample. However, this survey may serve as an audit of ocular disease detection for other practitioners.     

Through pragmatic eyes: philosophy and the re-sourcing of family nursing

Abstract   This paper explores the integral relationship between philosophy and nursing practice. The discussion begins by suggesting that philosophy is more than a set of abstract ideas or an intellectual activity; that it is a way of living and being in practice. The author contends that philosophical inquiry can improve the adequacy and relevance of family and nursing theories by promoting the examination and expansion of those theories in light of the experiences and intuitions of nurses. Offering a personal example the author exemplifies how philosophical activity can directly and experientially enhance everyday nursing practice.     

嘉兴外来人员生活环境与肠道传染病相关知信行现况调查分析

目的了解城郊结合部外来人员聚集地生活环境现况和霍乱等肠道传染病健康知信行情况,进一步明确肠道传染病防治健康教育与健康促进工作的重点开展方向。方法采用随机抽样的方法,运用统一设计的调查问卷对嘉兴市5县2区城郊结合部等外来人员聚集地进行流行病学调查。结果93.06%的调查对象以租房为主,90.61%的生活用水来源于自来水,9.25%用井水;78.61%的人知道霍乱传播途径,21.53%的人知道霍乱主要临床症状,28.03%的人知道肠道传染病全部预防措施;77.31%的知识来源于电视,其他顺位依次为书刊、广播、家人或朋友处;希望获得宣传资料形式:传单占46.68%,墙报占31.21%。结论外来人员租房人数居多,有部分人使用井水;肠道传染病相关知识了解的较少。应采取多部门齐抓共管来改善外来人员聚集地的生活环境,因地制宜地对外来人员开展有针对性的预防肠道传染病健康教育。     

少数民族女大学生性与避孕行为调查

目的:了解少数民族女大学生性与避孕行为状况。方法:在武汉地区,对各大学的少数民族女大学生进行了抽样调查。结果:调查了286名少数民族女大学生,其性行为率为14.68%,不同专业和不同年级的女大学生性行为率有统计学差异。女大学生性行为的原因以一时感情冲动、好奇、为了加强与男友的关系、生理需要为主,还有迫于暴力等原因。性伴侣以自己的男朋友为主(占95.23%以上),但也有一般熟人和一夜情对象;另有多性伴现象存在。发生性行为者中,初次性行为有42.85%未采取任何避孕措施;在近1年内有性行为者中,有54.54%的人每次性行为都采取了避孕措施。在性行为者中,有23.81%的学生怀孕,另有19.05%的学生患生殖系统炎症或性病。结论:少数民族女大学生中的性行为发生率较高,她们中存在性滥、怀孕和性传播疾病等问题。     

Demand patterns for HIV-tests in general practice: Information collected by sentinel networks in 5 European countries

This study describes a p. year international data collection on the demand pattern for HIV-antibody tests in general practice recorded by 6 sentinel networks in 5 European countries. The purpose of the recording was to evaluate the use of HIV-antibody testing by general practitioners and the demand for testing among the general population. Sentinel networks of general practitioners are a possible and available instrument for monitoring the perception of the HIV-test, and indirectly of the threat of the HIV-epidemic by the public and by the general practitioners (GPs). Differences were found between the countries in the frequency of testing, the person asking the test and the reason for testing. Possible explanatory factors, such as differences in the routine testing of specific groups, differences in the training and in the role of the GP, differences in the characteristics of prevention policy, are discussed. The European comparison also offers the opportunity to reflect on common medical practice in dealing with demands for HIV-tests.