恒河猴tPA基因的克隆、测序与真核表达

本试验采用高浓度乙二醇（EG-8）作为胚胎冷冻保护剂,以高浓度的半乳糖作为解冻稀释液,对MMTV-Wnt-1转基因小鼠的早期囊胚进行玻璃化冷冻保存。结果在EG-2中平衡4-6min和解冻时间为3-5min时获得了最佳冷冻效果。此条件下冷冻胚胎的总回收率为88.61%（109/123）;回收胚胎在体外发育率达88.99%（97/109）;孵化率达81.65%（89/109）;发育胚胎的移植出生率为38.36%（69/181）;冷漠胚胎移植出生后经PCR检测一半小鼠整合阳性。结果表明使用高浓度的乙二醇作为冷冻保护剂和以高浓度的半乳糖作为冻稀释液能有效地保存转基因小鼠胚胎。     

Biofluid Aspects of Embryo Transfer

Embryo transfer (ET) is the last stage of extracorporal fertilization during which the embryo is placed in the uterine cavity with a medium-filled catheter 2–3 days after in vitro fertilization. While fertilization in the laboratory occurs at very high rates (>:90%), the overall success of the procedure (i.e., take home baby) is still very low (<25%) and assumed to be mainly due to implantation failure. A computational model was developed to simulate ET within the uterine cavity by a fluid-filled catheter inserted into a two-dimensional channel with oscillating walls. The results showed that the speed at which the embryos are injected from the catheter dominates the procedure and controls the velocity of their transport within the uterine cavity. ET at excessively high injection speeds may lead to ectopic pregnancies, while uterine peristalsis affects transverse dispersion only during injection at low injection speeds. The presence of the catheter within the uterus does not affect flow patterns downstream of its tip. The potential risks to implantation failure due to mechanical factors involved in the ET processes are discussed. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2003: 8719-j, 8710+e     

白血病抑制因子调节胚胎发育与着床的研究进展

白血病抑制因子(Leukemia inhibitory factor,LIF)是参与调节胚胎着床过程的重要的细胞因子之一,尽管如此,LIF及其受体在不同种属动物中的表达又不完全相同,孕酮和雌激素对其分泌的调节作用在不同种属动物之间、体内外之间,甚至于同种动物也都不完全一样。LIF调节着床机理的研究正日益受到广泛的重视。     

山东省首例体外受精、胚胎移植成功报告

１９９４年初我校妇产科学教研室引进了体外受精－胚胎移植（ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ）术,１９９５年１月５日山东省首例“试管婴儿”在山东省立医院出生。作者详述了实施ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ的经过。此项技术的应用成功为开展生殖生理学、遗传学和优生学研究及临床应用奠定了基础。     

人类胚胎冻存技术的初步研究

研究了不同冷冻与复苏方法以及不同移植周期法对人类胚胎冻存结果的影响。共复苏了１４９ 个胚胎,８９ 个（５９．７％ ）得以存活。在２０ 个移植周期中,５ 例（２５．０％ ）获得临床妊娠,２ 例已经分娩健康的婴儿。结果表明,采用缓慢降温至－ １２０℃再浸入液氮中冷冻及快速升温、逐步置换冷冻保护剂的方法复苏,胚胎的存活率（７２．７％ ）较高,但不同移植周期对冻胚移植的临床妊娠情况影响不大     

一种胚胎移植新方法的建立

在转基因动物制作中胚胎移植是一个关键性技术。胚胎的输卵管移植相比子宫移植来说,可以避免在体外较长时间培养,但从输卵管伞部移植卵又常常不可避免地因囊膜开口而不同程度的出血,而且由于伞口部位置较隐蔽,移卵时技术难度大要求高。因此．我们尝试在囊膜外靠近壶腹部附近开口于输卵管,将卵直接移入壶腹部,卵移行至子宫发育。此技术非常简单易行,有助于提高转基因动物的制作效率。     

Embryotoxicity of chromium: Distribution in pregnant mice and effects on embryonic cells in vitro

The embryonic and fetal uptake of Na₂ ⁵¹Cr₂O₇(Cr VI) was about 10 times higher than that of ⁵¹CrCl₃(Cr III) when these two were given in the same doses i. v. to pregnant C57BL mice. On day 13 of gestation, embryonic concentrations were 12% (Cr VI) and 0.4% (Cr III) of the maternal serum concentration 1 h after injection to the mother. After injection of Cr(III) radioactivity was not detectable in embryonic structures in early gestation, when autoradiographic techniques were used. In late gestation, administration of both forms of Cr resulted in an accumulation in the calcified areas of the fetal skeleton. The radioactivity after administration of Cr(VI) may represent Cr(III) after reduction in the tissues. When added to chick limb bud mesenchymal cells in vitro, Cr(VI) inhibited chondrogenesis at a concentration of about 0.1 g/ml medium, which is around 1/10 of the embryonic concentration achieved after giving teratogenic doses to pregnant mice. Cr(III) on the other hand did not show any overt cytotoxicity even at 15 g/ml ( 500 times higher than the in vivo embryonic concentrations after teratogenic doses). Especially Cr(III) accumulated strongly in the visceral yolk sac, probably after binding to and transport by maternal serum proteins. The possibilities that Cr(III) excerts its teratogenic action by inhibiting embryotrophic nutrition is discussed.     

控制性超排卵长、短方案在IVF-ET中的疗效比较

目的:比较促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)长、短方案控制性超排卵在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中的疗效。方法:将2001年7月-2002年4月因双侧输卵管梗阻IVF-ET的患者100人随机分为长方案组(50人)和短方案组(50人)进行超排卵。长方案组从使用促性腺激素(Gn)治疗前1月经周期黄体期(月经21天)使用GnRHa 0.3mg/d,至垂体完全降调节后加用Gn;短方案组从月经周期第2天开始用GnRHa0.1mg/d,同时加用Gn。当患者有3个以上卵泡直径>18mm时肌肉注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG),36小时后取卵行IVF,取卵48小时后行ET。结果:两组患者平均获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、移植胚胎数、临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率及流产率差异无显著性。而两者的Gn使用量有差别,短方案组少于长方案组,两组差异有显著性。两组用Gn第7天雌激素水平不同,短方案组明显高于长方案组,两者差异有显著性。结论:GnRHa长、短方案在IVF-ET中控制性超排卵效果相同,但所需Gn数量不同。     

体外受精胚胎移植后妊娠结局分析

目的　探讨通过体外受精 -胚胎移植妊娠妇女的妊娠结局。方法　对自 2 0 0 0年 9月～ 2 0 0 2年1 1月在我院实施IVF -ET的 75例患者 ,80个妊娠周期的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 80个周期中 ,宫内妊娠率 96 2 5 % (77/ 80 ) ,其中自然流产率 2 3 75 % (1 9/ 80 ) ;妊娠 <1 6周流产率 1 6 2 5 % (1 3/ 80 ) ;妊娠 >1 6周流产率 7 5 0 % (6 / 80 ) ,其中 5周期均发生双胎妊娠 ;分娩率 72 5 0 % (5 8/ 80 ) ,早产率 1 5 0 0 % (1 2 / 80 ) ,宫外孕发生率 3 75 % (3/ 80 )。新生儿死亡率 3 6 1 % (3/ 83) ,均死于三胎妊娠早产。结论　减少IVF -ET后多胎妊娠率 ,加强多胎妊娠的整个孕期监护 ,以利于减少多胎妊娠 >1 6周流产率及早产率 ,是降低IVF -ET后妊娠胎儿丢失的有效方法     

被动吸烟对不同孕期大鼠宫内胚胎发育影响研究

采用被动吸烟方法研究了香烟烟雾对不同孕期大鼠宫内胚胎发育的毒性和影响。结果表明：香烟烟雾对孕鼠胚胎有明显的毒性，可引起胚胎死亡、畸形和宫内生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）；且孕期不同，这种毒性和影响的后果也不同：其中从孕１天即开始被动吸烟的Ａ组主要表现为死胎、吸收胎和ＩＵＧＲ，且发生率非常显著地高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；孕８天开始被动吸烟的Ｂ组则主要为畸胎和ＩＵＧＲ，其发生率也比对照组有显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０