2%Lugol液染色诊断早期食管癌的临床研究

目的　探讨2％Lugol液染色对早期食管癌的诊断价值。方法对在内镜检查中发现的58例可疑食管粘膜病灶进行经内镜2％Lugol液染色。结果58例可疑食管粘膜病灶经染色后活检证实为早期食管癌37例,其中鳞癌31例,腺癌6例;内镜下诊断为粘膜癌13例,粘膜下层癌24例;手术后病理证实为粘膜癌20例,粘膜下层癌17例,内镜与手术后病理检查符合率为75．68％。同时对5例早期食管癌行内镜下治疗。结论经内镜Lugol液染色对早期食管癌诊断具有一定的价值。     

Effects of early handling on amphetamine-induced locomotor activation and conditioned place preference in the adult rat

  Rationale: Altered hormonal stress responsiveness has been implicated in psychostimulant responsivity, and early handling represents a mild environmental manipulation which alters the hormonal profile following stress exposure. Objective: The present experiments examined whether early handling in rats would alter locomotor effects of amphetamine, as well as cross-sensitization of locomotor responsiveness after chronic stress. Conditioned place preference (CPP) for amphetamine was also measured. Methods: Handling consisted of daily 15-min isolation periods from days 1–12 postnatally. Novelty- and amphetamine (0, 1.5 mg/kg)-induced locomotion were examined using circular corridors in adult rats that were either restrained repeatedly over 8 days or not disturbed prior to testing. The effects of handling on amphetamine (0, 1, 2, 5 mg/kg) conditioned place preference (CPP) were also examined following 3 days of drug-compartment pairings. Results: Early handling produced a more rapid post-stress recovery in corticosterone levels. Handled animals also exhibited a significant attenuation in amphetamine-induced CPP compared to non-handled controls. Locomotor responsiveness to novelty and amphetamine was not altered by early handling. Although no cross-sensitization was observed, evidence for stress sensitization was seen, but was unaffected by early handling. Conclusions: Handled animals showed an attenuated CPP for amphetamine, data suggesting that sensitivity to the reward value of drugs of abuse in adulthood may be susceptible to relatively minor environmental manipulations early in life. This effect of handling on CPP does not seem to reflect differences in locomotor sensitivity to amphetamine. Received: 5 August 1998 / Final version: 2 November 1998     

Early neonatal mortality in an intramural birth cohort at a tertiary care hospital

Early neonatal mortality (ENM) occurring among 12,283 consecutive live birthsover a period of 3 years were analysed. The early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) was 26.6/1000 live births. Birth weight less than 2,000 gm, lack of antenatal care, male sex, operative vaginal delivery, prematurity and multiple pregnancy were significantly associated with early neonatal deaths. Birth asphyxia was found to be the most important cause of death, followed by hyaline membrane disease and congenital malformations. Majority of the asphyxia related deaths were due to late intrapartum referral of the mothers. Forty-two per cent of early neonatal deaths occurred in babies weighing less than 1,500 gm. Early identification and referral of high risk mothers and health education would significantly reduce the early neonatal deaths.     

Seizures and civilian head injuries

Although several studies have reported on the risk of "early seizures" (seizures occurring within 7 days following a head injury), the reported proportions of patients experiencing these seizures vary from 1.4 to 15%. This wide divergence may be due to problems with methodology such as case selection and definitions of head injury and early seizures. In a series of 702 patients admitted with a head injury to Cook County Hospital (CCH), Chicago, Illinois, 29 (4.1%) had early seizures. This proportion is twice as high as one previously reported in a comparable series. This may reflect an actual difference between the two series or a case selection bias serving to elevate the proportion of patients with early seizures at CCH.     

Nocturnal sleep spindle activity in blind subjects

To determine spindle activity during sleep in congenitally blind subjects, electroencephalogram sleep recordings were done on two or three consecutive nights in five subjects aged in their 20s and 30s. The number per minute and the duration of sleep spindles, scored visually, were compared with the data of sighted persons of comparable ages. The results indicated that the total number of sleep spindles a night was ranged from 117 to 585, and the number per minute ranged 0.52 to 2.06 during stage 2. Both values were much less than the values of sighted persons.     

前程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌疗效分析

目的 :评价前程加速超分割治疗食管癌放疗疗效及放射反应。方法 :对 96例食管癌随机分为前程加速超分割组 (前超组 )和常规组 ,每组 4 8例 ,全部经病理证实。男性 6 3例 ,女性 33例 ;年龄 4 1岁～ 70岁 ,中位年龄 5 7岁 ;病变部位胸上段 2 1例 ,胸中段 6 3例 ,胸下段 12例。病变长度 :<5cm 2 9例 ,5 0cm～ 7 0cm 5 7例 ,>10cm 10例。全部采用 6MVX线外照射 ,常规组 1次 /天 ,2 0Gy/次 ,5次 /周 ,总剂量 6 4Gy～ 6 8Gy ,4 4～ 4 5天完成。前超组 2次 /天 ,1 5Gy/次 ,间隔 6小时以上 ,总剂量 6 4～ 6 8Gy ,35～ 37天完成。 结果 :随访率 96 9%。 1、3、5年生存率前超组为 81 15 %、4 4 1%和 2 6 8% ,常规组为6 1 7%、2 5 1%和 16 9%。前超组 1、3年生存率高于常规组 (u值为 2 97及 2 6 4 ,P <0 0 1) ,5年生存率无显著意义 (u =1 71,P >0 0 5 )。前超组和常规组放射性食管炎发生率分别为 2 7 16和 16 7% (χ2 =1 5 2 ,P =0 2 0 ) ;放射性气管炎发生率前超组为 18 8% ,常规组为 12 5 % (χ2 =0 71,P =0 4 0 )。结论 :食管癌前程加速超分割治疗的 1年和 3年生存率高于常规组 ,5年生存率无明显差异 ,患者对前超组放疗副作用与常规组相比无明显增加。     

人类乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌关系的初步研究

目的：研究人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16型和18型感染与宫颈癌的关系。方法：采用荧光探针PCR技术对62例患的宫颈管分泌物中HPV病原体分别进行检测，其中宫颈癌22例(包含CINⅢ级10例)；慢性宫颈炎20例；正常宫颈20例。结果：上述宫颈分泌物中的HPVl6、HPVl8总阳性率分别是59．1％、20．0％和0％，三差异具有显性，且CINⅢ级与宫颈癌I～Ⅲ期之间差异显。结论：HPVl6、HPVl8感染是宫颈癌致病的重要因素。HPVl6、HPVl8荧光探针PCR技术可以作为检测HPVl6、HPVl8感染及宫颈癌早期诊断标记之一。     

早吸吮勤吸吮对早泌乳的影响

为了探讨产后半小时内早吸吮、勤吸吮对早泌乳的影响。选择１１６例足月妊娠孕产妇，分别在第二产程及产后半小时抽取母亲静脉血，采用放射免疫双抗法（ＤＡＲＩＡ）测定胎儿娩出前、吸吮后和未吸吮时，母亲血清垂体催乳素（ＰＲＬ）值。结果表明：第二产程时两组血清ＰＲＬ值无显著差异。而产后半小时早吸吮的母亲体内血清中ＰＲＬ水平明显高于未吸吮的血清ＰＲＬ值。早吸吮的母亲泌乳早。     

香港头颈外科的发展现状

头颈外科包括了头颈部肿瘤及相关疾病的诊断和治疗。香港头颈外科的起源可以追述到本世纪60年代中期。当时的香港大学玛丽医院外科学系主任王源美教授是开创这一领域的先驱。香港最初只有普外科医生涉及到这一区域肿瘤的治疗，经过多年来其它专科的发展，目前香港头颈部的疾病已经可以由三个外科次级专科处理，即耳鼻喉科、整形重建科和普外科。20年来，在外科、放射科及化疗科的共同努力下，头颈部肿瘤在诊断及治疗方面获得的迅速的发展，这就使病人的预后得到了很大程度的改善。     

ras p21在早期胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达

用ＡＢＣ免疫组组化法，对３６例早期胃癌及癌旁组织进行了ｒａｓｐ２１表达的检测，结果发现ｒａｓｐ２１阳性率分别对早期胃癌８８．９％（３２／３６）癌旁异型增生６８．７（２２／３２），其中不完全性结肠型化生阳性率为８４．６％，正常胃粘膜全部阴性，提示ｒａｓｐ２１的表达可能是胃癌形成过程中的关键步骤，ｒａｓｐ２１可以作为胃癌早期诊断的一种新的标志物。