态度接种对青少年态度改变的影响

目的:检验态度接种对青少年态度改变的影响。方法:整群抽取某校初二4个班的学生225名,测查安乐死态度,筛选113名对安乐死持反对态度的初二学生,按班级分为4组,每组约30人,分别接受不同的态度干预处理,两周后再次测查安乐死态度,探讨态度干预对青少年安乐死态度改变的影响。结果:在对待安乐死的态度上,干预后的各组被试存在显著的组间差异(F=26.180,P0.001),事后检验表明,态度接种组与对照组的差异显著,态度接种组比对照组更倾向于保持原有态度;强烈攻击组与对照组存在显著差异,对照组更倾向于保持原有态度;对照组与组合干预组差异不显著。结论:态度接种有助于青少年维护原有态度、抵制态度改变,态度接种组更加坚信自己原有态度的正确性,而且,这种影响效应具有一定的持续性。     

北京市海淀区新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情初期聚集性疫情特征分析

目的:分析北京市海淀区新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情初期聚集性疫情特征,为今后疫情防控提供参考。方法:收集2020年1月20日—2月28日海淀区COVID-19聚集性疫情感染者资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析疫情特征。结果:疫情初期海淀区共发生聚集性疫情13起,涉及感染者45例,死亡5例,以家庭聚集（11/1...     

Mechanical efficiency during repetitive vertical jumping

The purpose of this study was to compare mechanical efficiency between repeated static jumps (SJ), countermovement jumps (CMJ), drop jumps from 75% of maximum CMJ jump height (75DJ) and drop jumps from 125% of maximum CMJ height (125DJ). Subjects included eight jump-trained males. All subjects completed 30 continuous repetitions in the SJ, CMJ, 75DJ, and 125DJ. Oxygen consumption, peak force and center of mass displacement for each repetition during the four jumping patterns were measured. ME was calculated from a combination of force-time curves, displacement-time curves and lactate-corrected oxygen consumption values. In addition, muscle activity was recorded from the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and biceps femoris using surface electromyography (EMG). 125DJ and 75DJ resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater ME in comparison to CMJ and SJ. CMJ resulted in significantly greater ME in comparison to SJ. In addition, braking phase muscle activity was significantly greater in 125DJ and 75DJ in comparison to CMJ. Negative work was significantly different between 125DJ, 75DJ and CMJ (125DJ > 75DJ > CMJ). There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.68) between ME and negative work performed across 125DJ, 75DJ and CMJ. These findings suggest that stretch-shortening cycle movements, which include a strenuous braking phase combined with simultaneous high muscle activity, increase ME. This may be due to optimal muscle-tendon unit kinetics and usage of stored elastic energy.     

单侧颈内动脉闭塞后侧支循环开放及其临床表现

目的：探讨在清醒状态下颅内动脉狭窄支架置入术的可行性及临床意义.方法：2007年2月到2008年1月,在局麻下应用血管内支架置入术治疗颅内动脉狭窄患者12例,其中颈内动脉系狭窄7例,椎-基底动脉系狭窄5例.结果：本组12例均成功接受了血管内支架置入,术中患者清醒,配合良好,无不良反应.术后6个月复查DSA提示,颅内动脉狭窄程度由原来的67.5%±9.5%下降至9.5%±2.8%（P＜0.01）.随访12～23个月,12例患者症状均改善,无卒中发生.结论：局麻下行血管内支架置入术治疗颅内动脉狭窄,可将重要并发症的危险性降到最低;颅内动脉痛觉神经并不敏感,完全可以承受介入支架置入操作.     

前循环TIA患者血清总胆红素水平与ABCD2评分

目的探讨动脉粥样硬化(AS)性前循环短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者血清总胆红素(T.Bil)水平与其ABCD2评分的相关性。方法收集前循环TIA患者133例进行ABCD2评分,根据评分分为低危亚组、中危亚组和高危亚组,收集其血清T.Bil水平资料,比较三组间血清T.Bil平均水平,分析血清T.Bil水平与ABCD2评分的相关程度及其临床意义。结果 TIA患者血清T.Bil水平较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kruskal-Wallis H检验显示,三组间血清T.Bil平均水平差异有统计学意义(P=0.004),高危亚组[(7.59±2.05)μmol/L]低于中危亚组[(9.45±3.08)μmol/L],中危亚组低于低危亚组[(11.53±2.26)μmol/L](均P<0.05)。经Spearman秩相关系数检验,血清T.Bil水平与ABCD2评分呈负相关(r=-0.269,P=0.002)。结论 TIA患者血清T.Bil水平随ABCD2评分的增高而降低,并与ABCD2评分呈负相关。     

糖尿病合并短暂性脑缺血发作患者发展为脑梗死的独立预测因素

目的 评估糖尿病合并短暂性脑缺血发作患者发展为脑梗死的独立预测因素。方法 入选2013年1月-2015年6月就诊于航天中心医院卒中中心的短暂性脑缺血发作合并糖尿病的患者,收集临床资料(常规、生化、凝血功能、糖化血红蛋白、心脏超声),行核磁共振造影检查,并随访30个月,记录脑梗死事件和较差的功能结局(改良的Rankin量表2～6分)。结果 最终235例患者入选,其中有70例(29.8%)在随访期内发生脑梗死,59例患者被发现Rankin量表达到2～6分,14例患者6月内发生脑梗死,cox多因素回归分析发现,基底动脉动脉延长扩张和高龄是30个月内发生脑梗死的独立预测因素。基底动脉延长扩张能够独立预测随访期内2～6分的改良Rankin量表评分。基底动脉动脉延长扩张和高水平糖化血红蛋白能够预测6个月内脑梗死的发生,而且生存曲线提示基底动脉延长扩张者6个月内及30个月内发展为脑梗死风险明显高于其余患者,糖化血红蛋白水平高于中位数者(6.2%)6个月内发展为脑梗死风险明显高于糖化血红蛋白水平相对低的患者。结论 血管畸形和血糖控制差的患者容易由短暂性脑缺血发作进展为脑梗死,远期生活质量也受到影响。     

Japanese Versus Non-Japanese Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: Subanalysis of TIA registry.org

BackgroundTIAregistry.org is an international cohort of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke within 7 days before enrollment in the registry. Main analyses of 1-year follow-up data have been reported.⁵ We conducted subanalysis on the baseline and 1-year follow-up data of Japanese patients.MethodsThe patients were classified into 2 groups based on Japanese ethnicity, Japanese (345) and non-Japanese (3238), and their baseline data and 1-year event rates were compared. We also determined risk factors and predictors of 1-year stroke.ResultsCurrent smoking, regular alcohol drinking, intracranial arterial stenosis, and small vessel occlusion; and hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and extracranial arterial stenosis were more and less common among Japanese patients, respectively. Stroke risk was higher and TIA risk was lower at 1-year follow-up among Japanese patients. The baseline risk factors for recurrent stroke were diabetes, alcohol drinking, and large artery atherosclerosis. Independent predictors of 1-year stroke risk were prior congestive heart failure and alcohol consumption.ConclusionsThe two populations of patients featured differences in risk factors, stroke subtypes, and outcome events. Predictors of recurrent stroke among Japanese patients included congestive heart failure and regular alcohol drinking. Strategies to attenuate residual risk of stroke aside from adherence to current guidelines should take our Japanese-patient specific findings into account.     

Wettability of denture relining materials under water storage over time

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Poor wettability of denture relining materials may lead to retention problems and patient discomfort.

PURPOSE

Purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate wettability of nine denture relining materials using contact angle measurements under air and water storage over time.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Nine denture relining materials were investigated in this study. Two heat-curing polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) denture base materials: Vertex RS, Lang, one self-curing polyethyl-methacrylate (PEMA) chairside reline resin: Rebase II, six silicone relining materials: Mucopren soft, Mucosoft, Mollosil® plus, Sofreliner Touch, GC Reline™ Ultrasoft, Silagum automix comfort were used in this experiment. Contact angles were measured using high-resolution drop shape analysis system (DSA 10-MK2, KRUESS, Germany) under three conditions (in air after setting, 1 hour water storage, and 24 hours water storage). Nine materials were classified into three groups according to material composition (Group 1: PMMA, Group 2: PEMA, Group 3: Silicone). Mean values of contact angles were compared using independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, followed by a Scheffe''s post hoc analysis (α= 0.01).

RESULTS

Contact angles of materials tested after air and water storage increased in the following order: Group 1 (PMMA), Group 2 (PEMA), Group 3 (Silicone). Heat-cured acrylic denture base resins had more wettability than silicone relining materials. Lang had the highest wettability after 24 hours of water storage. Silicone relining materials had lower wettability due to their hydrophobicity. Wettability of all denture relining materials, except Rebase II and Mollosil® plus, increased after 24 hours of water storage.

CONCLUSIONS

Conventional heat-cured resin showed the highest wettability, therefore, it can be suggested that heat-cured acrylic resin is material of choice for denture relining materials.     

Insulin autoimmune syndrome is the third leading cause of spontaneous hypoglycemic attacks in Japan

From 1979 to 1981, questionnaires were sent to 2094 hospitals throughout Japan to investigate the causes of severe hypoglycemic attacks other than the administration of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin preparations. The survey revealed three main causes for the attacks, of which the first was insulinoma, the second extrapancreatic neoplasms, and the third was insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS), in descending order. Seven years later, a second survey was carried out, which showed the order of the three disorders as the cause of the hypoglycemic attacks to be the same as in the first survey. In both studies it was suggested that the IAS was frequently induced by thiol compounds.     

颞叶癫痫发作间期PET-CT与VEEG检查对致癫灶的诊断价值比较

目的 比较分析颞叶癫痫发作间期正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET-CT）和视频脑电图（VEEG）检查对致癫灶的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2018年3月手术治疗的80例单侧颞叶癫痫的临床资料。另选取同期健康体检者30例作为对照。术前进行PET-CT和VEEG监测定位致痫灶,以术中监测结果为定位致痫灶的金标准。利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价PET-CT放射性分布不对称指数（AI）对颞叶癫痫致癫灶的诊断价值。结果 PET-CT、VEEG确定致癫灶的灵敏度分别为88.73%、47.89%,特异度分别为88.89%、66.67%。颞叶癫痫发作间期病灶侧AI显著高于非病灶侧（P<0.05）,同时也显著高于健康体检者颞叶内侧AI（P<0.05）及颞叶外侧AI（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,AI=0.153诊断颞叶癫痫致癫灶的曲线下面积为0.730,95%置信区间在0.544~0.916。结论 颞叶癫痫发作间期PET-CT脑显像定位准确率优于VEEG,对手术治疗准确定位有很高的应用价值,且AI为0.153时诊断癫痫灶的效果最好。