中药对药治疗小儿肾病探析

肾病是小儿泌尿系常见疑难病,西医多应用激素和免疫抑制剂治疗,有较大副作用。在我们长期的临床实践中发现中医药治疗小儿肾病可以提高缓解率,减少复发率,减少西药的毒副作用,有较大优势,并且在临床应用中发现有不少固定组合的对药或组药,可以明显提高临床疗效。     

Ki-67 Labeling Index as a Marker of Malignancy in Ocular Surface Neoplasms

Purpose To evaluate the relationships among histopathological type, clinical malignant grade, and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC), conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), with pterygium and normal conjunctiva as controls.Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. We used tissue specimens obtained from 20 patients (four SGC, four SCC, four CIN, four pterygium, and four normal conjunctiva). Ki-67 immunohistochemical analysis was performed in all 20 cases.Results The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was 46.1 ± 3.0% (average ± SD) in SGC, 28.4 ± 4.5% in SCC, 20.0 ± 7.2% in CIN, 9.0 ± 2.2% in pterygium, and 6.8 ± 2.3% in normal conjunctiva. Ki-67 LI was significantly (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05) higher in SGC than in SCC, and higher, but not significantly, in SCC than in CIN. Ki-67 LI was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in SCC and CIN than in pterygium.Conclusions These results suggest that Ki-67 LI may be a sensitive marker for ocular malignant tumor grading. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:524–529 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004     

中美天然胶乳避孕套说明书及标签管理法规比较研究

目的 为我国天然胶乳橡胶避孕套标签的规范化管理提供借鉴.方法 采用内容分析的方法,对目前美国FDA及我国SFDA关于天然胶乳橡胶避孕套标签的管理法规进行对比分析.结果 美国FDA关于天然胶乳橡胶避孕套标签的管理法规体系完整、完善,对产品的风险可以进行有效控制,操作性强,值得我国有关监管机构借鉴.结论 我国可从以下方面完善天然胶乳橡胶避孕套标签的法规建设和管理:①尽快修订《医疗器械说明书、标签及包装标识的管理规定》,对天然胶乳橡胶避孕套制订针对性条款;②配套出台天然胶乳橡胶避孕套标签指导原则;③建立标签查询数据库平台.     

双管喉罩在COPD呼吸衰竭患者无创通气中的应用效果

目的：探讨双管喉罩用于COPD呼吸衰竭无创通气中的应用效果。方法选取本院2012年1月~2014年6月收治的60例COPD合并Ⅱ型吸吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,各30例。观察组给予双管喉罩,对照组给予普通口鼻面罩,比较两组的SpO2上升时间、动脉血气改善时间、通气失败率、脱机时间、并发症发生率。结果观察组的SpO2上升时间、脱机时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组的反流误吸率、通气失败率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后8、48 h的pH、PaCO2水平显著高于对照组,观察组的PaCO2水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论双管喉罩可以更好地改善COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的预后,能够替代口鼻面罩用于该类患者的无创通气治疗。     

Synthesis and Bio‐Evaluation of New 18F‐Labeled Pyridaben Analogs with Improved Stability for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Mice

To improve the stability of ¹⁸F‐labeled pyridaben analogs for myocardial perfusion imaging, three new analogs of pyridaben ([¹⁸F]FPTP2, [¹⁸F]FPTP‐P2, and [¹⁸F]FPTP‐P3) were synthesized with ‘side chain’ modifications. The radiolabeled tracers and corresponding non‐radioactive compounds were obtained by substituting tosyl group with ^18/19F. The effect of structure modification on myocardial targeting and physicochemical properties of new tracers were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The total radiosynthesis time of these tracers was approximately 70–90 min with high decay‐corrected radiochemical yields (36–65%) and good radiochemical purity (> 98%). These lipophilic tracers exhibited obvious improved stability in water. Studies of their biodistribution in normal Kunming mice demonstrated that [¹⁸F]FPTP2 exhibited very high initial heart uptake (39.70 ± 2.81 %ID/g at 2 min after injection) and low background in the liver, blood, and soft tissues. The heart‐to‐liver, heart‐to‐lung, and heart‐to‐blood ratios were 3.59, 19.34, and 67.34 at 15 min postinjection, respectively. Favorable myocardial targeting property and remarkable improvement of stability of [¹⁸F]FPTP2 suggest that the substitution of the phenyl ‘sidechain’ with other non‐phenyl rings has no effect on the myocardial targeting property of ¹⁸F‐labeled pyridaben analogs.     

DNA分析技术及其在药用植物分析中的应用

DNA分析技术作为一种先进的遗传标记已被广泛应用于药用植物品种及亲缘关系的鉴定、道地性、资源评定、多样性保护、辅助育种等方面的研究中,对于药用植物的开发、利用及保护起到了重要的作用。     

5α-还原酶抑制剂爱普列特诱导大鼠腹侧前列腺萎缩和细胞凋亡(英文)

目的:研究爱普列特是否通过诱导前列腺细胞凋亡来治疗前列腺良性增生。探讨以前列腺酸性磷酸酶作为前列腺萎缩标志的可行性。方法:光镜观察细胞形态变化。TUNEL法和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA断裂。测定前列腺酸性磷酸酶的活性。结果:去势和爱普列特均诱发前列腺细胞发生细胞凋亡。去势引发的细胞凋亡的程度大于爱普列特。爱普列特和去势均降低了前列腺湿重和DNA含量,升高了DNA浓度。最大或接近最大的抑制发生在给药后10天。爱普列特抑制了前列腺酸性磷酸酶的活性,其变化与给药或去势后前列腺湿重和DNA含量的变化一致。结论:爱普列特通过诱发前列腺细胞凋亡来治疗前列腺良性增生。前列腺酸性磷酸酶的活性可作为前列腺萎缩的标志。     

生物样本中糖胺聚糖定量方法及应用进展

糖胺聚糖(GAGs)是一类结构复杂、分子量不均一的内源性生物大分子多糖,具有抗凝血、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、调节免疫等多种生物活性,也是多种病理诊断的重要生物标志物,应用前景日益广阔.但由于结构复杂性,GAGs类药物生物样本中的含量测定仍是分析工作的难点,这在一定程度上制约了此类药物的开发应用.文章综述了近年来GAGs类药物生...     

双切割吻合技术在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用

目的:探讨弧形切割吻合器双切割吻合在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用.方法:回顾性分析78例低位直肠癌患者应用弧形切割吻合器行双切割吻合技术保肛治疗的疗效及预后.结果:75例行双切割吻合技术保肛成功,保肛率达96.15％,术后吻合口瘘2例(2.56％),吻合口狭窄12例(15.38％).结论:弧形切割吻合器双切割吻合技术在低位直肠癌保肛术中应用,具有操作简单、方便、有效、安全等优点,且术后并发症少,可明显提高低位直肠癌患者的保肛率,改善生活质量,值得临床推广.     

两种腹腔灌洗引流方法在急性重症胰腺炎中的应用比较

目的比较两种腹腔灌洗引流方法在急性重症胰腺炎的应用。方法对43例ICU重症胰腺炎患者分别行腹膜透析管置入灌洗引流或双套管引流管置入并负压吸引引流,统计分析比较两组效果及并发症发生率。结果腹透管灌洗引流组患者的手术时间、术中出血量少于双套管负压吸引组(P<0.05);双套管负压吸引组血淀粉酶恢复情况、腹胀发生率明显低于腹透管灌洗引流组(P<0.05)。住院时间、死亡率及腹腔脓肿、胰瘘/假性囊肿发生率两组无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论两种引流方法操作简单、方便、安全,双套管负压吸引组有更好的引流效果。