Outcome of children with respiratory symptoms without objective evidence of asthma: a two-year, prospective, follow-up study

This study evaluated the outcome of 33 children with asthma-like symptoms without objective evidence of asthma, and the role of certain factors in predicting the development of clinical asthma in these children. Data on symptom histories, lung functions (flow-volume spirometry, free running test and methacholine inhalation challenge test) and atopic sensitization (skin prick tests and markers of eosinophilic inflammation) were collected twice with an interval of 2 y, and the diagnoses were re-evaluated after the follow-up period. Based on the results, it was concluded that one-third of the children with prolonged or recurrent lower airway symptoms, such as cough or wheeze, either have mild asthma or will develop asthma in the near future. Children who had a significant response [≥ 10% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)] in the free running test formed a risk group for active asthma, whereas other baseline characteristics seemed not to predict the outcome.     

小鼠四诊采集项目标准的建议

辨证论治机理实验研究主要采用的是小鼠.通过我们长期的研究和观察,初步建立了小鼠四诊采集项目标准.该标准主要有四部分内容:(1)类似于问诊采集的内容,包括一般情况、始病和治疗经过、饮食情况、脏腑病位;(2)闻诊采集的内容;(3)望诊采集的内容,包括自然望诊、胖瘦、小鼠旷场自主活动计数、爪和尾显微拍照后计算机图像处理等内容,涉及类似望形体状况、望形体虚实、望形体神、望形体寒热、望运动步态、望精力、望毛色虚实、望呼吸状况、望眼神、望耳、望鼻、望唇、望腹、望二阴、望大便、望小便、望爪、望尾、望睡眠、爪和尾显微观察等;(4)切诊采集的内容,包括体温、肿块检测、脉的至数与节律、肤之温凉、肌力等.同时,还对是否可以实现小鼠的四诊以及如何开展四诊进行了理论分析.     

辨证掌握穴位注射方法提高穴位注射的疗效

目的:提高中西结合治疗疾病的疗效.方法:在中医辨证的基础上,在腧穴上进行针剂注射.结果:通过针刺和药液渗透,将穴位疗效和药理作用结合在一起,充分发挥其综合效能.结论:用中医辨证理论,穴位注射治疗能疏通经络,调补阴阳.针药结合,提高疗效.     

Severe neuroexcitatory symptoms after anaesthesia--with focus on propofol anaesthesia

Delayed neuroexcitatory symptoms after an uneventful anaesthesia are uncommon, although described in many reports. We want to report on two cases. The first patient developed muscle hypertonicity, jerky movements and unconsciousness after an uneventful anaesthesia with propofol, and later the same thing happened after anaesthesia with thiopentone. The second patient developed similar symptoms after an uneventful anaesthesia with propofol, but she never recovered completely after this and is now severely disabled. A search of the literature and the Swedish adverse drug reactions register revealed many similar cases. In both our patients the causal relationship between propofol and the neuroexcitatory symptoms remains uncertain, but we want to alert readers about this possible adverse reaction.     

Comparison of cystoscopic and histological findings in patients with suspected interstitial cystitis

PURPOSE: Although the exact etiology of interstitial cystitis remains elusive, bladder inflammation appears to be common in many patients. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) have established diagnostic criteria for interstitial cystitis based on the presence of irritative voiding symptoms in the absence of other identifiable pathology. Cystoscopic examination with hydrodistention performed in patients under anesthesia is part of the NIH diagnostic criteria. We determine if the severity of cystoscopic findings correlated with histological evidence of inflammation in patients with suspected interstitial cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 69 patients who met NIH symptom criteria for interstitial cystitis and underwent cystoscopy, hydrodistention and bladder biopsy under anesthesia were reviewed. There were 2 investigators blinded to the histological data who independently reviewed operative reports. A urological pathologist blinded to the clinical data reviewed biopsies for inflammation severity. Cystoscopic and histological findings were then converted to a numeric scale. Numeric data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Cystoscopic examination revealed no evidence of interstitial cystitis in 6 patients (9%), mild changes in 27 (39%), moderate changes in 23 (33%) and severe changes in 13 (19%). Histological examination revealed no inflammation in 21 patients (30%), mild inflammation in 28 (41%), moderate inflammation in 11 (16%) and severe inflammation in 9 (13%). Histological scores correlated poorly with total and scaled cystoscopic severity scores (r = 0.295 and 0.349, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Severity of cystoscopic findings observed during hydrodistention with anesthesia does not appear to correlate with the degree of inflammation identified histologically in patients with suspected interstitial cystitis.     

Scoring the short form ICSmaleSF questionnaire. International Continence Society

PURPOSE: The International Continence Society (ICS) ICSmale questionnaire was devised to provide a thorough evaluation of the occurrence and bothersomeness of lower urinary tract symptoms and their impact on the lives of men with benign prostatic disease. This report completes the developmental work on the questionnaire, producing the concise short form instrument, ICSmaleSF, with a valid, reliable and scientifically justified scoring system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two data sets were used. The short form version of the questionnaire was devised and initially evaluated using data on men with uncomplicated lower urinary tract symptoms who were involved in the CLasP randomized controlled trial comparing laser therapy with transurethral prostatic resection and conservative management or monitoring without active intervention. External validation of the scoring system was undertaken using data from phase II of the ICS benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) study, an observational study of outcome in men with lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic enlargement. All patients completed the developmental version of the ICSmale questionnaire. Parallel analysis on the CLasP data set identified items that were responsive to change or highly problematic, allowing other redundant and overlapping items to be eliminated. Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to examine the clustering of items. Regression models were used to investigate the validity of followup scores within and across treatment groups in the CLasP and ICS/BPH studies. RESULTS: The questionnaire, which originally comprised 22 items, was shortened to 11 items in the 2 distinct factors of voiding (ICSmaleVS) and incontinence (ICSmaleIS) symptoms. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were high at 0.76 for ICSmaleVS and 0.78 for ICSmaleIS. A simple additive score was calculated by adding the 5 items in ICSmaleVS and 6 in ICSmaleIS. ICSmaleVS and ICSmaleIS detected expected improvement in the laser therapy and transurethral prostatic resection groups, and stability in the conservative management group within CLasP. Similarly each subscore but particularly ICSmaleVS was sensitive to differences in the outcome of the range of treatments in the ICS/BPH study. While frequency and nocturia were highly problematic and sensitive to change individually, they did not load into the other main factors or correlate with each other. It is suggested that these symptoms should be evaluated separately with the additional inclusion of a single item measure of the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on daily life. CONCLUSIONS: The ICSmaleSF represents a comprehensive, concise, valid and reliable instrument for evaluating men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Unlike other questionnaires in the field it contains subscores for the domains of voiding and incontinent symptoms as well as the separate consideration of frequency, nocturia and impact on daily life. We hope that it will become the tool of choice for the comprehensive evaluation of treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic disease.     

军人家属及部分女兵下尿路症状调查分析和防治

目的 调查军人家属及女兵的下尿路症状发病情况。方法在某部及其下属的3个团的家属及部分女兵进行体检的同时进行问卷调查。采用布里斯托女性下尿路症状调查问卷，问卷由被调查者独立填写，个别不能独立完成问卷的被调查者，由调查员对其进行解释，再由其完成。结果 91人完整回答了问卷，其中尿频、尿急、膀胱疼痛、夜尿、压力性尿失禁、排尿时需要用力、捧尿延迟、排尿中断、排尿力量发生变化和感觉总是不能完全排空膀胱的患病率分别是：9．9％、58．2％、37．4％、24．2％、34．1％、22％、28．6％、31．9％、16．5％和53．8％。夜尿对生活质量影响最大。结论 军人家属及部分女兵中下尿路症状很常见，48岁以上家属基本都存在这种或那种下尿路症状。     

62例双侧脑挫裂伤双侧开颅手术治疗分析

目的:总结62例双侧脑挫裂伤的临床特点、CT检查和手术治疗.方法:对62例双侧脑挫裂伤患者的手术治疗进行回顾性分析.结果:均行CT检查,以额颞叶脑挫裂伤多见,多并发外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血、硬膜下血肿和脑内血肿.病例全部行双侧开颅手术,其中双侧开颅手术手术一次的治愈率、致残率、病死率分别为75.0%、12.5%、12.5%;手术两次的治愈率、致残率、病死率分别为31.6%、21.0%和47.4%.手术一次组的治愈率高于手术两次组、病死率低于手术两次组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05),而致残率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:双侧脑挫裂伤有其一定的临床特点,对该病的演变与发展做出早期预判、掌握手术指征,及时行一次性双侧开颅手术治疗是预后的关键.