IL-4–BATF signaling directly modulates IL-9 producing mucosal mast cell (MMC9) function in experimental food allergy

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Tranexamic acid: Preoperative prophylactic therapy for patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema

Short-term therapy of 96-hr duration with tranexamic acid was prophylactically effective as defined by the absence of attacks of angioedema in 14 patients with hereditary angioedema undergoing 10 dental and 4 general surgical procedures. Eight of the 14 patients had previously undergone dental extractions without prophylactic therapy with antifibrinolytic agents and each had experienced one or more attacks of angioedema. Seven of these 8 patients had a cumulative experience of 13 episodes of laryngeal edema after dental extractions and the eighth had a bout of cutaneous angioedema. Although the number of dental extractions conducted without prophylactic antifibrinolytic therapy cannot be accurately defined in retrospect, the prominence of laryngeal edema in this circumstance is striking when compared with the absence of attacks in the presence of prophylaxis with tranexamic acid. Methyltestosterone and impeded androgens are now known to be effective prophylaxis for spontaneous and, presumably, postoperative attacks when employed chronically because their administration is associated with correction of the biochemical defect of hereditary angioneurotic edema, but their chronic administration to children and women of childbearing age requires further definition because of their potential pituitary suppressive action. Tranexamic acid prophylaxis makes it possible to offer to untreated patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema dental work and other operative procedures that in the past were withheld or conducted with considerable risk.     

药品数量管理与医保系统的关系

原因信息系统与医保系统实现有效接口,促进了药品的数量管理和医生工作站的推广,降低了错误处方的发生率,使医院服务更加顺畅。     

The use of detergents and immunoperoxidase reagents for the ultrastructural demonstration of internal immunoglobulin in lymph cells.

Lymph-borne immunoblasts were fixed in dilute glutaraldehyde and then treated with saponin. This treatment made most parts of the cells permeable to ferritin, so that anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies which had been conjugated to horse radish peroxidase (HRP) had no difficulty in gaining access to Ig which thus could be demonstrated at an ultrastructural level. Best results were obtained by fixing the cells in 0.1% glutaraldehyde for 7 min and then treating them with a 1% solution of saponin for 100 min at 55 degrees C before exposing them to the Ig-HRP conjugate. The method yielded reproducible results and although it causes a small amount of ultrastructural damage, it may be of value in detecting a variety of intracellular antigens.     

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis: a challenge in perinatal pathology

Autopsies were performed in 40 cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis during the period from 1975 to 1983. In 25 cases specific anatomic diagnoses, including hematologic disorders, infections, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital anomalies, and tumors, were made. In the majority the diagnosis of hydrops fetalis was made prenatally by ultrasonography. The mean gestational age at delivery was 30 weeks; 23 infants were stillborn, and 17 died during the neonatal period. Body weights were consistently increased; peripheral edema and ascites were present in all cases and pleural effusions in all but two cases. Hepatosplenomegaly, cardiomegaly, and pulmonary hypoplasia were frequent findings. The most consistent microscopic changes involved endocrine organs. Islet cell hyperplasia and Leydig cell hyperplasia were common, and thyroid hyperplasia was found occasionally. The fetal zone of the adrenal cortex was often thick and composed of swollen, vacuolated cells. Enhanced extramedullary erythropoiesis was observed in all cases. Thirty-nine placentas were examined; 34 were edematous (mean weight, 547 g), with villous edema, excess erythroblastemia and normoblastemia, and occasional intravillous hematopoiesis. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis has a range of known causes. Thorough autopsy, including placental examination, is the most useful approach for determining the etiology. In 23 cases the probable or possible cause was established in this manner. Antibody studies should also be performed in all cases to exclude an immunologic etiology. Synthesis of clinical, serologic, and pathologic data offers prospects for rational management and prediction of recurrence.     

Monoclonal antibodies to the human mammary gland: III. Monoclonal antibody LICR-LON-M18 identifies impaired expression and excess sialylation of the I(Ma) cell-surface antigen by primary breast carcinoma cells

Monoclonal antibody LICR -LON- M18 identifies the immunodominant oligosaccharide sequence of the I(Ma) blood-group antigen: Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6--. In primary breast cancers this structure is almost totally cryptic, due to "masking" by sialic acid, but can be revealed by digestion with the specific glycosidase neuraminidase. Following desialylation, light microscopic immunohistochemical examination has revealed the epitope identified by LICR -LON- M18 to be heterogeneously distributed throughout the population of breast carcinoma cells. These tumor cells express the antigen as both a cytoplasmic and a surface membrane determinant. In the normal human breast, this structure is expressed exclusively along the luminal plasma membranes of the duct and alveolar littoral epithelial cells. Desialylation of tissue sections of normal resting and lactating breast epithelium with neuraminidase virtually abolishes the heterogeneous intercellular distribution of the I(Ma) determinant. In desialylated nonneoplastic breast tissues, the expression of this antigen is observed within the cytoplasm of some myoepithelial cells, but not in the littoral epithelial cells. The expression of the I(Ma) antigen by neoplastic and normal breast epithelial cells has also been compared with that of the oligosaccharide sequence Gal beta 1----3GalNAc. This structure, recognized by peanut agglutinin, forms the dominant portion of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen. With respect to normal and lactating breast epithelial cells, both oligosaccharide structures are sialylated and appear to be similarly misprocessed by breast carcinomas. The masking of surface carbohydrate determinants and the faulty processing of structures usually expressed on the surface of non-neoplastic breast epithelial cells may be important phenomena in the pathobiology of breast carcinomas.     

Cytogenetic studies of bone marrow and extramedullary tissues and clinical course during metamorphosis of chronic myelocytic leukemia

Of 33 consecutive patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, examined during metamorphosis, 82% showed chromosome abnormalities in addition to the Ph1. Aberrations most frequently encountered were +8 (39%), +22q - (30%), and i(17q) (18%). Translocations other than the Ph1 were observed in four cases and - Y clones in four cases. Discrepancies in the cytogenetic pattern between bone marrow and extramedullary tissues or blood were noted in a total of 15 patients. In six cases, transformation occurred in extramedullary organs at a time when it was not present in the marrow. In three cases the bone marrow transformation was preceded by a lymph node blastic infiltrate; in one case, by a skin infiltrate; and in one case, by a subdural blastoma. Clonal abnormalities additional to the Ph1 were identified in the tumor tissue from all these cases. Patients with primary extramedullary transformation tended to have a lower median age at onset of metamorphosis, shorter survival, and higher incidence of chromosome abnormalities than the cases without extramedullary involvement. Patients with only Ph1-positive cells and no other anomalies had a slightly longer duration of metamorphosis and longer total survival. Basophilia and thrombocytopenia were more marked in cases with i(17q) than in the rest of the series.     

Prognostic factors determining response to antidepressant drugs in psychiatric out-patients and general practice

The outcome of antidepressant drug treatment was measured in 200 patients, 145 seen in psychiatric out-patient clinics and 55 in general practice, after 4 weeks of therapy. The results of the 200 patients taken together suggested that prognosis was largely determined by factors dependent on the natural history of the disorder and that clinical symptoms were unimportant, but when the results for patients in each drug group were analysed separately symptoms were more important than natural history factors. We conclude that clinical symptoms are only important predictors of response to antidepressant drugs when the patients studied are homogeneous with regard to natural history factors, particularly duration of illness.     

Identification of the major structural proteins of two BALB/c myeloma C-type viruses.

We have analyzed the structural proteins of the C-type viruses produced by cloned lines of the MOPC-21 and FLOPC-1 BALB/c murine myelomas. These viruses, designated MO₂₁-MuMAV and FL₁-MuMAV, respectively, have been shown to be composed of proteins with approximate molecular weights of 90,000, 75,000, 17,000, 12,000, and 10,000 daltons. In addition, these viruses contain a “doublet” with molecular weights of approximately 30,000 daltons. The 90,000- and 75,000-dalton proteins are glycosylated. The p30 “doublet” as well as the NB-ecotropism is retained upon subsequent virus cloning in SC-1 cells, passage through NIH-3T3, or BALB/3T3 cells, or microtiter plate cloning of SC-1 cells replicating cloned virus. The two cloned MuMAVs appeared to possess the p30 proteins of the endogenous BALB/c N- and B-tropic viruses described by Hopkins and co-workers (N. Hopkins, J. Schindler, and R. Hynes, 1977, J. Virol.21, 309–318; J. Schindler, R. Hynes, and N. Hopkins, 1977, J. Virol. 23, 700–707). Subsequent tryptic peptide analysis of the myeloma virus p30 proteins demonstrated that these proteins share extensive homology with, but not identity to, the two prototype BALB/c ecotropic endogenous virus p30 proteins.     

Studies of the antigenicity and allergenicity of phospholipase A2 of bee venom.

The antigenic and allergenic properties of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and whole bee venom were compared by measuring the IgG and IgE antibody responses in animals and man. Precipitating antibodies raised in rabbits and reaginic and other antibodies raised in mice reacted about equally with both bee venom and PLA. The majority of human sera containing bee venom-specific IgE also contained PLA-specific IgE, although in somewhat lower titers. Similarly, most human sera with significant amounts of total antibodies reacting with bee venom also had antibodies reacting with PLA. Histamine and SRS-a release from leukocytes of sensitive patients followed challenge with whole bee venom and PLA in the majority of instances. However, mediator release from several patients' cells was obtained with bee venom only. These studies suggest that although PLA is a major allergen and antigen in bee venom, significant exceptions in patients' reactivity may limit its potential diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness.