Characterization of Influenza D Virus in Danish Calves

Influenza D virus (IDV) was first described in 2011 and has been found to mainly circulate among cattle and swine populations worldwide. Nasal swab samples were collected from 100 Danish calf herds (83 dairy and 17 veal herds) from 2018–2020. Influenza D virus was detected in 12 of the herds. Samples with the lowest cycle quantification value were selected for full genome sequencing. A hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) gene sequence from a Danish IDV collected in 2015 was also included in this study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that viruses from seven of the IDV-positive herds belonged to the D/OK lineage and clustered together in the HEF tree with the IDV collected in 2015. Viruses from the four other herds belonged to the D/660 lineage, where three of the viruses clustered closely together, while the fourth virus was more phylogenetically distant in all gene segments. The high level of genetic similarity between viruses from two different herds involved in calf trading suggests that transmission occurred through the movement of calves. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to describe the characterization of IDV in calves in Denmark.     

Effects of two different fabrics on skin barrier function under real pressure conditions

Background

Pressure Ulcers (PUs) are a severe form of skin and soft tissue lesions, caused by sustained deformation. PU development is complex and depends on different factors. Skin structure and function change during prolonged loading on PU predilection sites and surfaces being in direct contact with skin are likely to have an impact as well. Little is known about the influence of fabrics on skin function under pressure conditions.

盆腔脂肪过多症的影像学诊断

目的：探讨盆腔脂肪过多症的影像诊断。材料与方法：回顾性分析６例盆腔脂肪过多症的影像学表现。６例均经ＣＴ和超声检查,其中３例还作了钡灌肠检查,２例行静脉肾盂造影检查。结果：（１）钡灌肠和静脉肾盂造影显示膀胱输尿管下段以及直肠、乙状结肠远端推移受压;（２）超声检查显示盆腔内良性、实性占位性病变;（３）ＣＴ扫描可显示出脂肪组织密度。结论：ＣＴ扫描诊断盆腔脂肪过多症可作为首选影像学检查方法。     

螺旋CT三维成像在颈椎损伤病变中的应用

目的 探讨螺旋CT三维成像（MPR、SSD）在颈椎损伤中的应用价值。材料与方法 经X线和/或螺旋CT证实的颈椎损伤15例,行螺旋CT扫描,并作MPR和SSD成像,13例扫描参数为层厚3mm,床速4.5mm/s,重建间距1.5mm;2例为层厚5mm,床速5mm/s,重建间距2mm,SSD最低阈值选择150～180。结果 椎体及附件骨折10例,其中6例伴环齿关节脱位,1例椎体滑脱。椎体旋转脱位4例,成角滑脱1例。15例中3例椎管狭窄并硬脊膜受压。MPR结合轴位图像可完全明确骨折、脱位及椎管情况。SSD对颈椎表现骨折、椎体旋转及成角脱位显示良好,立体感强,但对椎体内骨裂或骨折、椎管内病变显示差。结论 颈椎损伤应首选CT检查。轴位图像、MPR及SSD联合应用,能明确病变性质,立体、直观、多方位提供临床医师所需信息,有利于治疗方案的选择。     

Quantitative Image Analysis in Mammary Gland Biology

In this paper we present a summary of recent quantitative approaches used for the analysis of macro and microscopic images in mammary gland biology. The advantages and disadvantages of whole mount analysis, reconstruction of serial tissue sections and nucleus/cell segmentation of either conventional and confocal images are discussed, as are applications of quantitative image analysis, such as quantification of protein levels or vasculature measurements in normal tissue and cancer. Integration of quantitative imaging into the further study of the mammary gland holds the promise of better understanding its tissue complexity that evolves during development, differentiation and disease.     

放线菌素D在cFLIP抑制大肠癌细胞凋亡中的作用

目的探讨放线菌素D（ActD）在下调cFLIP表达水平增加大肠癌细胞凋亡中的作用。方法应用流式细胞仪（FCM）技术检测ActD预处理的人大肠癌细胞（SW620）凋亡水平、Fas受体及cFLIP蛋白表达的变化情况，并观察在ActD存在时，cFLIP蛋白对大肠癌细胞凋亡的影响。结果10μg／LActD作用于SW620细胞后，cFLIP蛋白的表达水平随着作用时间的延长而降低。ActD作用24h后，cFLIPI表达强度由94．4％下降到71．8％，此时1mg／L的抗Fas抗体诱导SW620细胞凋亡率达33．7％，但ActD本身对大肠癌细胞的凋亡及Fas受体表达无明显影响（P〉0．05）。结论低浓度放线菌素D可明显下调SW620细胞中cFLIP蛋白的表达水平并显著增加大肠癌细胞的凋亡率，ActD有可能成为靶向调节cFLIP蛋白在大肠癌细胞中表达的理想药物。     

A Study of the Growth Patterns of Breast Carcinoma Using 3D Reconstruction: A Pilot Study

Lumpectomy with microscopically clear margins is a safe and effective approach for surgical management of breast carcinoma. Margins are positive for tumor in 18–50% of lumpectomies, as it is not possible to accurately determine the shape or microscopic borders of a tumor preoperatively or intraoperatively. We examined the 3D microanatomy and growth patterns of common breast carcinoma subtypes to provide guidance for lumpectomy surgery. Prospective consent was obtained for the use of excess tissue from patients undergoing lumpectomy or mastectomy for breast carcinoma. Tissue blocks from nine breast carcinomas were serially sectioned. Hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides at 100 μm intervals were scanned using a Nanozoomer (Hamamatsu, Japan) microscopic‐resolution scanner. Three‐dimensional reconstructions of tumors were created from scanned images using Reconstruct, open‐access software. Breast carcinoma subtypes demonstrated characteristic growth patterns within breast tissue, which may have implications for lumpectomy surgery. Invasive ductal carcinomas showed a spherical shape, with a spiculated surface representing tumor cells infiltrating into surrounding parenchyma. Ductal carcinoma in situ appeared to spread along the duct system, creating dilated, tortuous, tumor‐filled ducts. The invasive lobular carcinomas examined had a haphazard, linear, infiltrative growth pattern, different from the shape seen in ductal carcinomas. Our preliminary work suggests that invasive ductal and invasive lobular carcinomas appear to have distinct growth patterns in three dimensions and ductal carcinoma in situ appears to grow in a linear fashion along the duct network. The microanatomy studies described have the potential to guide refinements in breast lumpectomy technique.     

The application of 3D-printed transparent facemask for facial scar management and its biomechanical rationale

Introduction

Deep facial burns leave conspicuous scar to the patients and affect their quality of life. Transparent facemask has been adopted for the prevention and treatment of facial hypertrophic scars for decades. Recently, with the advancement of 3D printing, the transparent facemask could facilitate the fitting of the facial contour. However, the effectiveness of the device and its biomechanical characteristics on pressure management of hypertrophic scar would need more objective evaluation.