大型团体心理干预模式对乳腺癌患者应对方式的影响

目的：探讨大型团体心理干预模式对乳腺癌患者应对方式的影响。方法对参加大型团体心理干预“汝康沙龙”的乳腺癌患者420例,分别于干预前后采用简易应对方式问卷进行调查。结果与干预前比较,乳腺癌患者应对方式得分明显提高(P<0.01)。结论大型团体心理干预对乳腺癌患者的应对方式具有积极作用,干预后患者能更多运用积极应对方式,减少消极应对方式。     

深圳市盐田区614名“90后”外来劳务工应对方式的调查研究

目的了解"90后"外来劳务工的应对方式,评估其心理状态,为在工厂企业开展心理卫生服务提供科学依据。方法于2013年3—6月,采用随机整群抽样法,选取深圳市盐田区6家大型工厂"90后"外来劳务工共计614名进行简易应对方式问卷调查。结果深圳市盐田区"90后"外来劳务工积极应对维度得分(1.85±0.44)分,高于常模均分;消极应对维度得分(1.14±0.52)分,低于常模均分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),积极应对因子中有159名属于异常状态,检出率为25.9%;消极应对因子中有238名属于异常状态,检出率为38.8%。文化程度为大专及以上"90后"外来劳务工积极应对因子得分高于初中及以下、高中或中专外来劳务工,男性消极应对因子得分高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论深圳市盐田区"90后"外来劳务工的应对方式处于较好的状态,但也有部分人员消极应对倾向明显、容易产生心理问题,需针对性干预。不同性别、学历的"90后"外来劳务工在应对方式上具有明显差异。     

初产孕妇产前焦虑与社会支持应对方式的相关性研究

目的了解初产孕妇产前焦虑现状,探讨社会支持、应对方式与焦虑的关系。方法采用一般情况调查问卷、焦虑自评量表、社会支持量表和简易应对方式量表,对263例初产孕妇进行问卷调查。结果本组孕妇的焦虑标准分为(40.35±7.24)分,高于国内常模(P0.05);90例(34.2%)孕妇发生不同程度的焦虑;焦虑总分与社会支持总分、积极应对方式得分呈负相关(r=-0.450、-0.315,P0.01),与消极应对方式正相关(r=0.364,P0.05)。结论 1/3初产孕妇临产前存在一定的焦虑,其受到的社会支持越多,应对方式越积极,焦虑情绪越轻。     

临床儿科护士冲突处理方式的调查

目的了解临床儿科护士的冲突处理方式及其相关影响因素。方法方便性抽样选取上海市3所医院306名临床儿科护士,采用一般资料调查表、美国Rahim冲突处理模式量表-Ⅱ(Rahim organizational conflict lnventory-Ⅱ,ROCI-Ⅱ)对其进行调查,并对结果进行分析。结果临床儿科护士面对工作冲突时最常用的处理方式为整合,其次为让步、妥协、逃避,最不常用的为支配;临床儿科护士的职称、年龄、学历和婚姻状况等对其面对工作冲突时的处理方式存在影响(均P0.05)。结论护理管理者制定临床儿科护士冲突处理培训方案需结合中国的文化背景、儿科护理发展状况,同时要考虑护理人员的个体情况。     

良好的语言方式有助于健康

目的:本研究旨在探讨肯定回答的语言方式对健康的影响,以便为干预措施提供科学依据。方法:用问卷法调查145位被试包括最近5年的健康状况以及他们的语言方式。结果:健康信息调查显示喜欢用否定的语言来回答问题的人疾病发生率高于肯定回答者。(P﹤0.01)。结论:常常用肯定的语言方式可以提高人的健康水平。     

出国留学生心理评估在出入境体检中的应用

目的了解出国留学生心理健康状况及应付方式特点。方法采用SCL-90自评量表、应付方式问卷及自编个人信息问卷,对388名出国留学生进行心理测量。结果留学生心理异常率为20.36%,男生阳性筛查率为18.47%,女生阳性筛查率为21.65%。不同性别、不同学历留学生心理症状各因子差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),留学生SCL-90各因子分均低于对照组和1986年全国常模,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。应付方式以解决问题、求助等积极应付方式为主。结论出国留学生心理健康水平好于对照组和全国常模,应付方式积极。     

初中生的拖延行为与父母教养方式的相关性

目的 探讨初中生父母教养方式与拖延行为的关系.方法 本研究采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)与Ait-kent拖延问卷(API),对深圳一所普通中学488名初中生进行调查,并对结果进行描述统计、相关分析与回归分析.结果初中生拖延行为的性别差异显著,与父母亲的情感温暖、理解的教养方式均存在负相关关系,而与父亲的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉、过度保护和母亲的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉存在正相关关系.结论 对孩子多采取情感温暖、理解的教养方式的家庭的孩子拖延行为更少,父母应该多理解、尊重孩子,对孩子多鼓励和关心.     

Plasma protein oxidation in aging rats after alpha-lipoic acid administration

In the present study, we investigated whether alpha-lipoic acid administration could have prooxidant or antioxidant effect on oxidative protein damage parameters such as protein carbonyl, nitrotyrosine, advanced oxidation protein products, and protein thiol, as well as oxidative stress parameters such as total thiol, nonprotein thiol, and lipid hydroperoxide in the plasma proteins of aged rats. Alpha-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg body wt/day) was administrated intraperitoneally to the Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 days. Protein carbonyl, nitrotyrosine, and advanced oxidation protein products levels were increased, protein thiol, nonprotein thiol, and total thiol levels were not changed in the plasma proteins of aged rats with alpha-lipoic acid administration. In aging rats with and without alpha-lipoic acid administration, plasma lipid hydroperoxide levels were significantly increased compared with those of the control group. The increased levels of protein oxidation markers such as protein carbonyl, nitrotyrosine and advanced oxidation protein products in the plasma proteins of alpha-lipoic acid-administrated aged rats compared with nonadministrated aged rats suggests that protein oxidation is increased in alpha-lipoic acid-administrated aged rats. We assume that an explanation for our findings regarding alpha-lipoic acid administration on protein oxidation markers in the plasma proteins of aged rats may be due to the prooxidant effects of alpha-lipoic acid.     

Chromosome abnormalities in peripheral lymphocytes from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis

Summary Chromosomal abnormalities in cultured peripheral lymphocytes from 14 progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) patients and 15 normal subjects were examined. No increase was observed in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in PSS patients who had not received any medical treatment. Those who had received medication showed an increased frequency of dicentrics (0.3%) although the frequency was not significantly higher than that for normal subjects. It is not clear, however, whether the increase was due to the hypersensitivity of PSS patients to agents used for therapeutic purposes.     

D-Xylose hydrogen breath tests compared to absorption kinetics in human patients with and without malabsorption

Thed-xylose breath H₂ test may be useful in characterizing intestinal absorptive function. Our aim was to determine whether breath H₂ followingd-xylose administration reflects the extent to which thed-xylose is absorbed by comparing it to a kinetic model ofd-xylose absorption. Twenty-five subjects were studied. They ingested 15 gd-xylose on the first day and 25 gd-xylose on the third day. On the second day they received 10 g intravenousd-xylose along with 15 g oral lactulose. Multiple serum and urine samples were obtained ford-xylose content to calculate its rate constants and extent of absorption by multicompartmental analysis. Breath H₂ determinations were obtained every 15 min for 3 hr following the 15 gd-xylose and lactulose ingestion. Peak breath H₂ concentration correlated with extent of absorption (r=–0.787,P<0.001),K ₀, the rate constant for nonabsorptive loss (r=0.744,P<0.001), and 5-hr urine content (r=–0.705,P<0.001). Area under the breath H₂ curve also correlated with these parameters: extent of absorption (r=–0.770,P<0.001),K ₀ (r=0.662,P<0.001), 5-hr urine content (r=–0.629,P<0.012). Peakd-xylose breath H₂ to peak lactulose breath H₂ showed no correlation with extent of absorption. The extent of absorption was higher with the 15-g dose than the 25-g dose in all patients tested (P<0.01). This was the result of decreased nonabsorptive loss (lowerK ₀), as the rate constant for absorption,K _a , was not statistically different (P>0.05). Peakd-xylose breath H₂ can be used as an inverse estimate ofd-xylose absorption. Lactulose breath H₂ cannot be used as a standard for comparison ford-xylose. The three compartment kinetic model ford-xylose absorption with passive absorption of this carbohydrate is supported by similar rate constants for absorption for the twod-xylose doses used.d-xylose at 15 g may be a more appropriate dose than 25 g for H₂ breath testing as it does not lead to increased nonabsorptive losses.Supported in part by grant RR0048, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources.