Parental explanatory style and its relationship to the classroom performance of disabled and nondisabled children

This study examined the relationship between the explanatory style of parents for events involving their school-aged children and the children's classroom performance. Parents and teachers of 52 disabled and 40 nondisabled elementary school students completed questionnaires. Those children whose parents attributed bad events to internal, stable, and global causes tended not to fulfill their potential in the classroom, according to ratings by their teachers. The same patterns held for both disabled and nondisabled children. Findings suggest that the attributional beliefs of parents can affect the behavior of their children.This paper is based on an honors thesis in psychology at the University of Michigan, completed by the first author under the supervision of the second author. We wish to thank Jane Somers for making this research possible. Lisa M. Bossio gave helpful editorial advice. Anne Vanden Belt is now at the School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.     

Children's online coping strategies: Rethinking coping typologies in a risk-specific approach

Understanding how children deal with problematic situations online is helpful in developing efficient awareness raising and online resilience building initiatives. In this article, we will discuss and develop typologies for online coping strategies. In a school survey, 2046 Flemish children aged 10–16 were asked about how they (would) respond when confronted with different types of online risks. Using principal component analyses and multi-dimensional scaling, we identified different types of cross-risk and risk-specific coping strategies, and explored which types of coping have similar underlying meanings. The results suggest to distinguish behavioral avoidance tactics from mere passive responses or indifference. Young people tend to perceive online coping strategies along two dimensions: engagement versus disengagement and technical versus non-technical measures. Behavioral avoidance is popular among younger children and is associated with a medium level of active engagement and often combined with communicative approaches. Girls are more communicative and respond more proactively.     

首发与复发精神分裂症患者父父、母母心理健康、应对方式对照研究

目的:探讨首发与复发精神分裂症患者父父、母母及首发患者父母心理健康、应对方式。方法:将精神分裂症患者父母186例,按患者首发与复发分为父父、母母和首发父母3组,分别测验症状自评量表(SCL-90)及简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)并进行对比分析。结果:首发父亲组SCL-90除抑郁、敌对、偏执及其他与复发父亲组无差异外(P0.05),其余各因子及总分均高于复发组(t=1.884~5.613,P0.05或0.01),消极应对高于复发组(t=4.154,P0.01);首发母亲组SCL-90除敌对、恐怖与复发母亲组无差异外(P0.05),其余各因子及总分均高于复发组(t=2.011~5.942,P0.05或0.01),积极无差异(P0.05),消极应对高于复发组(t=4.672,P0.01);首发父、母组间SCL-90除恐怖、其他无差异外(P0.05),其余各因子及总分父亲低于母亲(t=-1.774~-5.120,P0.05或0.01),积极应对无差异(P0.05),消极应对父亲低于母亲(t=-1.783,P0.05)。结论:首发精神分裂症患者父母心理健康水平低,应对方式简单消极,母亲的心理健康更需关注。     

医学生心理弹性与应对方式的相关性及其影响因素

目的:了解医学生心理弹性与应对方式的相关性及其影响因素,为降低医学生心理压力,制定心理弹性干预措施提供科学依据。方法:采用方便抽样方法,对640名医学生采用一般情况问卷、Conner-Davidson心理弹性量表中文版及简易应对方式量表进行问卷调查。结果:640名医学生心理弹性总均分(61.70±12.44)分,显著低于普通成人总均分(65.4±13.9)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=-7.542,P0.01)。相关分析显示,医学生心理弹性总分与积极应对显著正相关(r=0.538,P0.01),与消极应对呈负相关(r=-0.096,P0.05)。进一步回归分析显示,积极应对方式、消极应对方式、担任学生干部及家庭月收入是影响医学生心理弹性的重要因素。结论:医学生心理弹性水平较低,采取积极应对方式、担任学生干部及家庭经济状况好的医学生心理弹性水平更高。     

空巢老人心理健康与人格特征及应对方式的关系

目的:探讨不同类型的空巢老年人的心理健康状态,以及他们的人格特征和应对方式特点及关系。方法:采取症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和应对方式问卷(CSQ)对山东460位老人施测,并用SPSS 16.0予以统计分析。结果:(1)独居的老人在SCL-90中的某些因子得分显著低于寡居老人和非空巢老人(F=3.654,5.361,4.699,3.874,3.031,3.121,6.067,3.301;P0.05);(2)在CSQ量表中,寡居老人在解决问题因子和自责因子得分显著低于其他两组(F=3.512,4.416;P0.05),而另外两组之间没有差异;(3)空巢老人在SCL-90中的总均分与E量表和求助因子之间没有相关关系,与其他因子有显著的相关关系(r=0.218,0.544,-0.225,0.329,0.260,0.243,0.217;P0.01)。结论:(1)独居老年人的心理健康状况优于寡居老人和非空巢老人;(2)寡居的老人倾向于放弃解决问题的途径,并且易产生自责心理;(3)空巢老人的心理健康状态与内外向没有显著联系,但与神经质、精神质和应对方式有密切联系。     

父母教养方式对大学生情绪表达的影响:成人依恋的中介作用

目的:探讨成人依恋在父母教养方式和大学生情绪表达中的中介作用。方法:选取上海某大学600名大学生为被试,采用情绪表达量表(EES)、亲密关系经验量表(ECR-R)、父母教养方式问卷简式中文修订版(sEMBU-c)为工具进行测评。结果:(1)情绪表达、父母教养方式、成人依恋三者相关显著,情绪表达与依恋亲近呈显著性相关(r=-0.25,P0.001),与依恋焦虑呈显著性负相关(r=-0.11,P0.01),与父亲过度保护和母亲过度保护呈显著性负相关(r=-0.09,P0.05;r=-0.12,P0.01);(2)父母过度保护对情绪表达具有负向的直接作用(β=-0.16,P0.01);(3)结构方程模型拟合优度检验证明模型拟合良好(χ~2=561.65,dF=165,RMSEA=0.06,CFI=0.90,TLI=0.91,AGFI=0.87)。结论:父母教养方式通过成人依恋的部分中介作用影响大学生情绪表达。     

Influence of intestinal inflammation (IBD) and small and large bowel length on fecal short-chain fatty acids and lactate

Treatment with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) seems promising in ulcerative colitis and changes in colonocyte oxidation of butyrate have been suggested to be of importance for the development of this disease. The influence of small and large bowel length after surgery on SCFAs is only partly known. SCFAs and lactate were measured in consecutive fecal samples from 300 patients with ulcerative colitis (103), Crohn's disease (127), and noninflammatory bowel disease (70); 205 had had surgery, 52 had short bowels (<200 cm). Lactate (mainly thel-isomer) was elevated in ulcerative colitis patients with pancolitis (mean ±sem, 17±5 mmol/liter) and proctitis (12±3 mmol/liter) compared with quiescent ulcerative colitis (3±1 mmol/liter,P<0.01), and correlated with the index of Truelove (R=0.52,P<0.0005). Lactate was also increased in Crohn's colitis (21±8 mmol/liter), but not in isolated ileitis (4±2 mmol/liter), compared with quiescent Crohn's disease (7±2 mmol/liter,P<0.02), but did not correlate with the activity index (CDAI;R=0.18,P=0.12). In contrast to earlier reports, SCFAs (including butyrate) did not correlate with inflammatory activity or localization in either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The length of the small bowel had no influence on SCFAs and lactate in patients with either no colonic function (ileostomies), or with >50% and <50% preserved colorectal length, respectively. Fecal SCFAs from completely (100%) preserved large bowels (89±5 mmol/liter), and from>50% (76±7 mmol/liter) and<50% (72±7 mmol/liter) preserved colons were not significantly different, in contrast to SCFAs from ileorectals (51±10 mmol/liter), ileal reservoirs (57±6 mmol/liter), and ileostomies (20±2 mmol/liter). Fecal lactate is associated with proctocolitis, but not with ileitis. SCFAs were remarkably constant and not influenced by active inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or extreme differences in the length of the small or large intestine.     

Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期食管癌辅助化疗病人生活质量与焦虑、抑郁、应对方式的相关性研究

[目的]分析Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期食管癌辅助化疗病人的生活质量特点,并探讨生活质量与焦虑、抑郁、应对方式的相关关系。[方法]采用癌症治疗功能评价系统(FACT-G)、综合性医院焦虑抑郁量表、医学应对方式问卷及一般资料调查表对84例Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期食管癌辅助化疗病人进行问卷调查,分析Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期食管癌辅助化疗病人的生活质量与焦虑、抑郁、应对方式的相关性。[结果]Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期食管癌辅助化疗病人生活质量总分为65.95分±13.76分;生活质量水平与焦虑、抑郁呈负相关,与其应对方式部分相关。[结论]Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期食管癌辅助化疗病人生活质量受焦虑、抑郁、应对方式影响,正确评估、及时识别病人存在的焦虑、抑郁情绪,引导其采取面对、回避等有效的应对方式,可有效地提高病人的生活质量。