强迫症疾病行为的精神病理机制研究

目的对研究获得的强迫症疾病行为特征探索其精神病理学机制。方法以符合CCMD-Ⅱ的门诊强迫症患者50例为对象，选取非精神科病人50例组成对照，应用“强迫症疾病行为特征量表（OBPS）”，确定其有无强迫症疾病行为。同时调查研究组与对照组的人格特质、偶发事件、应对策略等方面，研究这些因素在疾病发生、发展中的作用。结果①研究组全部符合李一高量表的疾病行为特征，积分明显高于对照组（t=26．480，P〈0．01）；②强迫症患者人格当中的强迫质偏高，积分明显高于对照组（t=15．93，P〈0．01）；③研究组中绝大多数患者存在偶发事件，而对照组中偶发事件的发生率低于研究组（X^2=21．374，P〈0．01）；④应对策略特征方面研究组不成熟应对方式的应用明显多于对照组。结论强迫神经症形成中人格特质作为基础，偶发事件起到启动对“不完全的恐怖”，错误的应对策略不断强化病感，促进疾病形成。李一高强迫症疾病行为理论的3项内容，特征性的反映了强迫症的疾病行为。     

The Bücherer-Strecker synthesis of d- and l-(1-11C)tyrosine and the in vivo study of l-(1-11C)tyrosine in human brain using positron emission tomography

The synthesis of d-and l-(1-¹¹C)tyrosine, starting with ¹¹C-cyanide, is reported. dl-(1-¹¹C)Tyrosine was prepared by the Bücherer-Strecker reaction, from carrier added ¹¹C-cyanide with an incorporation of 80% in 20 min. The isolation of the pure d- and l-amino acid isomers from the enantiomeric mixture was accomplished within 15 min by preparative HPLC using a chiral stationary phase and a phosphate buffer as the mobile phase. Typically, the total synthesis time was 50 min (including purification) from end of trapping of ¹¹C-cyanide, with a radiochemical yield of d- and l-amino acid of 40%–60%. The d- and l-(1-¹¹C)tyrosine were both obtained optically pure, with a carrier added specific activity of 0.3–0.5 Ci/mmol and a radiochemical purity better than 99%. The ¹¹C labelled l-tyrosine was used in an in vivo study in the human brain using positron emission tomography (PET).     

Reversal of the reserpine-induced ptosis by l-threo-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylserine (l-threo-DOPS), a (−)-norepinephrine precursor,and its potentiation by imipramine or nialamide

Summary The effect of l-threo-DOPS on the reserpine-induced ptosis in mice and its modification by imipramine, a norepinephrine (NE) uptake inhibitor, or nialamide, a monoamineoxidase inhibitor, were studied.Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of l-threo-DOPS (800 mg/kg) significantly reduced the severity of the ptosis. This reversal of the ptosis by l-threo-DOPS was markedly potentiated by i.p. injection of either imipramine (2.5 mg/kg) or nialamide (30 mg/kg). Response to l-threo-DOPS was also significantly potentiated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of imipramine (10 g). On the other hand, this treatment with imipramine (10 g, i.c.v.) also significantly potentiated the reversal of the ptosis by NE (20 g, i.c.v.), but the reversal by the subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of NE (1 and 3 mg/kg) was not affected.Reserpine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly decreased the brain content of NE in mice, whereas l-threo-DOPS (400 mg/kg, i.p.) slightly restored it. Moreover, by the pretreatment with nialamide (30 mg/kg, i.p.), l-threo-DOPS produced a significant increase in the brain content of NE in reserpinetreated mice.These results suggested that l-threo-DOPS was capable of reversing the reserpine-induced ptosis due to the formation, at least in part of (–)-NE at the synaptic sites of central noradrenergic neurons.     

Species differences in the relative analgesic potencies of some classical opiates and opioid peptides

The analgesic ED₅₀ values of some classical morphine congeners (morphine, methadone, fentanyl, azidomorphine) in the rat and mouse tail-flick tests were found to be similar. However, several synthetic derivatives of the natural enkephalins were more potent in mice than in rats. (These analogs contain d-amino acid in position 2 and d- or l-sulfonic (or phosphonic) acid residue in position 5). -Endorpin, d-Met², Pro⁵-enkephalinamide and two partial agonists showed intermediate interspecies relative potencies. According to the data obtained, similar opiate receptors might mediate the analgesic action of classical opiates in rats and in mice. However, the opiate receptors responsible for the antinociceptive effects of the above mentioned enkephalin analogues must be dissimilar in the two species examined. The results are discussed in terms of the role of - and -receptors in mediation of the analgesic effect induced by different types of opioids.     

Antagonism of the hypermotility response induced by excitatory amino acids in the rat nucleus accumbens

Summary Several compounds have been shown to antagonize the excitation of single neurons produced by excitatory amino acids. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of these compounds in antagonizing the hypermotility response to excitatory amino acids after intraaccumbens administration. Of the putative antagonists tested, D-aminoadipic acid, diaminopimelic acid and glutamic acid diethyl ester all showed significant inhibitory effects on excitatory amino acid-induced hypermotility while 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, -D-glutamylglycine, 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid and cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid were ineffective. D-Aminoadipic acid decreased N-methyl-aspartic acid-induced hypermotility while having no significant effect on the hypermotility responses induced by kainic or quisqualic acids. Diaminopimelic acid markedly decreased N-methyl-aspartic acid- and kainic acid-induced hypermotility but was totally ineffective on quisqualic acid-induced hypermotility. In contrast to D-aminoadipic acid, glutamic acid diethyl ester antagonized the increase in motility produced by kainic and quisqualic acids but not that produced by N-methyl-aspartic acid. The above data suggests that N-methyl-aspartic acid and quisqualic acid may produce their motor effects through the activation of two different receptors in the nucleus accumbens while kainic acid may mediate its hypermotility response through both N-methyl-aspartic acid and quisqualic acid receptors. However, a third receptor type activated solely by kainic acid cannot be excluded at this time.     

农业科技期刊论文发表中的信息安全问题及应对策略

【目的】 分析农业科技论文中的信息安全问题,指出信息安全关键点,为防止因学术传播泄露国家(企业)机密和保护信息安全提供参考。【方法】 依据我国相关法律法规以及编辑工作实践,对农业科技期刊论文发表中的信息安全关键点进行分析。【结果】 总结出农业科技论文中的信息安全关键点,即全国性的农业基础数据、涉密的科研项目、生物育种技术、食品安全、动物疫情、植物病害、地理信息、气象信息等。针对信息安全问题提出如下应对策略:提高编辑人员信息安全意识和涉密数据识别能力、建立完整的信息安全审查机制、联合探索信息权限控制技术手段、对作者加强信息安全知识宣传、增加行业期刊间的沟通与交流。【结论】 编辑部应将国家安全和利益放在重要位置,以国家法律法规以及农业农村部的有关规定为依据,把控农业科技论文信息安全关键点,确保发表论文的信息安全。     

家庭因素与青少年非自杀性自伤关系的研究进展

非自杀性自伤(NSSI)在各国青少年群体中均有很高的发生率,且其发生率正逐年上升,已成为现阶段全球公认的影响青少年身心健康的重大公共卫生问题之一,备受国内外广大专家、学者的关注与重视。然而,其发生机制尚不明确,目前的研究也正处于初级阶段。据目前研究显示,NSSI的影响因素主要有个体因素、环境因素和神经生物学因素。家庭作为青少年成长过程中最重要的外部环境,在青少年身心发展中起着至关重要的作用。良好的家庭环境能在一定程度上预防和减少青少年NSSI等风险行为的发生, 并可能成为未来早期干预工作的一个重要途径。本文拟对近年来国内外相关文献进行综述,为下一步研究家庭因素对青少年NSSI行为的影响提供思路,同时为临床干预和治疗提供参考。     

家庭养育方式与儿童睡眠状况关系分析

目的 分析家庭养育方式与儿童睡眠状况的关系,寻求对儿童睡眠有利的养育方式,为改善儿童睡眠质量提供相应的参考。方法 收集2021年9—12月于北京中医药大学孙思邈医院儿科体检的214名6~12岁儿童为研究对象,运用儿童版父母教养方式问卷(EMBU-C)及儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)评价家长养育方式及儿童睡眠状况,并分析其相关性。结果 CSHQ总分在不同年龄(t=6.45,P<0.001)、共睡情况(F=11.82,P<0.001)、电子屏幕使用时间(F=5.13,P=0.007)等因素上差异有统计学意义;父母EMBU-C与CSHQ的多个维度之间存在显著相关(P＜0.05);多元线性回归分析显示:从与抚养人同床睡到不同房间睡,CSHQ总分逐渐降低(β=-1.81),母亲情感温暖得分与CSHQ总分呈负相关(β=-0.50),电子屏幕使用时间与CSHQ总分呈正相关(β=1.89),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),三者共同解释18%的变异(ΔR²=0.18)。结论 儿童的睡眠状况与年龄及家庭养育方式有关,家庭养育方式中的共睡和屏幕使用时间过长会降低儿童的睡眠质量,母亲情感温暖则对儿童睡眠的改善有一定意义。     

产褥期乳腺炎影响因素分析

目的探讨导致产妇发生产褥期乳腺炎(PM)的影响因素。 方法选择2020年9月1日至12月31日,在成都市某三甲妇女儿童医院分娩,并进行产后42 d随访的1 162例产妇为研究对象。根据产妇产后42 d内是否发生PM,将其分为PM组(n＝103)与对照组(n＝1 059)。采用本研究自行设计的《产褥期乳腺炎相关影响因素调查问卷》(以下简称为《调查问卷》),联合《中国简式心理状态剖面图(POMS)量表》(以下简称为《POMS量表》),分别对2组产妇进行调查。《调查问卷》内容主要包括产妇一般人口学资料、妊娠及疾病、药物使用、母乳喂养、饮食及生活习惯等10个维度,共计50个条目。《POMS量表》包括心理焦虑等7个维度,共计40个条目。对2组产妇《调查问卷》条目及《POMS量表》评分,采用独立样本t检验、χ²检验及Fisher确切概率法等进行统计学比较。本研究遵循的程序符合病例收集医院医学伦理委员会要求,经过该伦理委员会批准[审批文号：科研伦审2021(29)],并与研究对象签署临床研究知情同意书。2组产妇的年龄等一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结果①本研究纳入产妇的PM发生率为8.9%(103/1 162),产后第3、4周PM发生率最高,分别为2.7%(31/1 162)与2.4%(28/1 162)。②本研究2组产妇围生期补充铁剂及口服益生菌占比,乳头皲裂程度、吸奶器使用时间及频率、乳头保护罩与乳头保护霜使用频率构成比,哺乳衔接姿势正确率,哺乳时乳房疼痛程度、哺乳内衣穿戴率等分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③PM组产妇《POMS量表》焦虑评分为(7.1±5.0)分,显著高于对照组的(5.3±4.1)分,并且差异有统计学意义(t＝-3.540、P＝0.001)。④将上述影响产妇发生PM的单因素分析中差异有统计学意义因素,并结合已有研究结果与临床经验,纳入10项影响因素,进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,产妇围生期补充铁剂(OR＝3.351,95%CI：1.949~5.758,P<0.001),乳头皲裂(OR＝3.564,95%CI：1.909~6.654,P<0.001),吸奶器使用频率>1次/d(OR＝5.102,95%CI：1.047~24.876,P＝0.044),乳头保护霜使用频率>1次/d(OR＝2.147,95%CI：1.156~3.987,P＝0.016),哺乳衔接姿势不正确(OR＝2.311,95%CI：1.202~4.445,P＝0.012),穿戴不舒适哺乳内衣(OR＝2.322,95%CI：1.008~5.347,P＝0.048),不穿戴哺乳内衣(OR＝3.516,95%CI：1.821~6.789,P<0.001),焦虑评分高(OR＝1.073,95%CI：1.007~1.143,P＝0.029),均为导致产妇发生PM的独立危险因素;而围生期口服益生菌(OR＝0.110,95%CI：0.025~0.478,P＝0.003)是其独立保护因素。 结论通过制定临床干预措施,指导产褥期产妇纠正不正确行为,如围生期补充铁剂、吸奶器与乳头保护霜使用不当,哺乳内衣穿戴及哺乳行为不规范等,提倡产妇围生期口服益生菌,缓解产妇焦虑情绪,对预防产妇PM发生具有重要意义。     

焦虑水平与应付方式关系的初步研究

目的 探求学生焦虑水平与应付方式的关系。方法 用一般焦虑问卷（GAT）和应对方式问卷测查某中学初二学生共116名。结果 解决问题的应付方式和焦虑总水平及对人不安、身体征候、恐惧倾向三个焦虑分量表呈显著负相关;自责、幻想、退避和合理化的应付方式与焦虑水平之间存在显著正相关;而求助和焦虑总水平及各个焦虑分量表之间不相关或相关很小。结论 焦虑水平与应付方式之间关系密切,应付方式不同,焦虑水平就可能不同,为了降低焦虑水平,应掌握有效的应付方式。