小人群寿命表编制方法

本文以北京市一个地区的六万多人口为例,提出编制小人群寿命表的方法。(1)累计几年的人口数和死亡数,计算该期间的平均寿命。(2)用一年的人口资料计算期望寿命(?)后,对其进行校正。校正方法可用婴儿死亡数的 Poisson 分布的95%上限值,计算婴儿死亡率编制寿命表,计算(?)_0或应用正态分布的原理,计算(?)_0的单侧90%可信限的下限值(?)作为对总体(?)_0的近拟估计。该文还论述了年龄组死亡率为0的估计及人口数与期望寿命方差之间的关系。     

CORNEAL GRAFT SURVIVAL: A RETROSPECTIVE AUSTRALIAN STUDY

Four hundred and forty-eight consecutive corneal grafts are analysed and their survival calculated usin the actuarial life-table method. Overall survival at two years is 81 ± 4% and at five years is 65 ± 5%. Within diagnostic subgroups keratoconus has the best prognosis. Previous graft failure and recipient corneal vascularization are shown to have a negative effect on graft survival. Sex of patient, urgency of operation and use of combined procedures do not affect survival and second regrafts fare no worse than first regraits. The use of the actuarial life-table method of analysing graft survival is discussed and its importance emphasized.     

矽肺防治效果的评价

本文用寿命表方法对七个矽肺病多发厂矿企业三十余年来的发病情况及其防治效果进行了调查与分析。结果表明,五十年代中期以来开展的矽肺防治工作,对于降低矽肺患病率、进期率、肺结核合并率、病死率以及延长矽肺病人的平均发病年龄与平均寿命等方面均取得了极为显著的效果。     

The Usefulness of Head-Up Tilt Testing and Hemodynamic Investigations in the Workup of Syncope of Unknown Origin

To enhance the clinical evaluation of patients suffering from recurrent syncope of unknown origin, the integrity of mechanisms controlling blood pressure was examined in 151 patients utilizing a screening tilt test. Ninety-eight patients had an abnormal blood pressure and/or heart rate response to tilt testing, including provoked syncopal attacks in 63 patients. Whenever indicated, the screening tilt test was followed by blood volume and hemodynamic determinations, as well as autonomic nervous system testing to identify contributing pathophysiological abnormalities (hypovolemia, venous pooling, autonomic dysfunction). Detailed analysis of this battery of tests allowed us to conclude that: (1) The tilt test is commonly a provocative tool in the workup of patients with recurrent syncope due to vasovagal - vasodepressor reactions and other abnormalities of blood pressure regulation; (2) Its usefulness is augmented by associated hemodynamic and blood volume evaluations; (3) The identification of contributory pathophysiological mechanisms of blood pressure control facilitates specific therapeutic interventions.     

体位性心动过速综合征的年龄和性别差异

目的探讨体位性心动过速综合征(POTS)的年龄和性别差异。方法2001-01~2005-05在中南大学湘雅二医院从316例直立倾斜试验(HUTT)检查中诊断的POTS患者66例,分为成年(>18岁)和儿童(≤18岁)两组,分析其病程、诊断率、心率变化的年龄和性别差异。结果①病程及发病年龄:POTS病程在成年组1.00~11.33 a(平均5.22±4.33 a),男性略短于女性(3.00±4.24 a vs 5.71±4.44 a,P>0.05);儿童组0.08~4.00 a(平均0.73±1.13 a),男性长于女性(1.21±1.46 avs 0.46±0.81 a,P<0.05)。发病年龄在成年组为18~49岁(平均25.75±8.33岁),女性小于男性(P<0.05);儿童组为4~16岁(平均11.73±2.54岁),未见性别差异(P>0.05)。②诊断率及心率变化:POTS诊断率在年龄组间无差异(P>0.05),女性比例成年高于儿童;倾斜试验10 min内心率增加量在年龄组间及男女间未见差异(P>0.05)。结论POTS病程及心率增加量不存在年龄和性别差异,成年患者发病年龄女性<男性,诊断率无年龄差异,但成年女性比例高于儿童,这对临床上诊治POTS具有指导意义。     

Intravenous nitrates for pharmacological stimulation during head-up tilt testing in patients with suspected vasovagal syncope and healthy controls

Nitrates may be used for pharmacological stimulation during tilt testing for the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope. In this study we assessed the diagnostic value of intravenous nitrates during tilt testing in patients with a typical history of vasovagal syncope. Twenty patients and 23 controls were tilted at 700 for a maximum duration of 30 minutes. After a 10-minute baseline supine phase, the test started with a continuous nitrate infusion at 1 microg/kg/min and increased every 5 minutes by 1 microg/kg/min, to a maximum of 6 microg/kg/min at the end of the test. The test was ended if the subjects developed a positive response (syncope or presyncope). Nineteen patients (95%) and 17 (74%) of the controls had a positive response. At test end sensitivity was 95%, but specificity was 26% and accuracy was 58%. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed a maximum accuracy of 79% at 18 minutes, with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 78%. Intravenous nitrates during tilt testing in patients with typical clinical criteria of vasovagal syncope is highly effective in provoking vasovagal syncope. Based on the ROC analysis, a maximum accuracy of 79% was attained at 18 minutes (at a dose of 4 microg/kg/min), suggesting a good diagnostic performance when tilt duration is limited to this point. A positive result requiring more than 18 minutes of stimulated tilting should be interpreted with caution, due to the accompanying considerable decrease of specificity.     

New real-time MR image-guided surgical robotic system for minimally invasive precision surgery

Object To investigate the usefulness of a newly developed magnetic resonance (MR) image-guided surgical robotic system for minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. Materials and methods The system consists of MR image guidance [interactive scan control (ISC) imaging, three-dimensional (3-D) navigation, and preoperative planning], an MR-compatible operating table, and an MR-compatible master–slave surgical manipulator that can enter the MR gantry. Using this system, we performed in vivo experiments with MR image-guided laparoscopic puncture on three pigs. We used a mimic tumor made of agarose gel and with a diameter of approximately 2 cm. Results All procedures were successfully performed. The operator only advanced the probe along the guidance device of the manipulator, which was adjusted on the basis of the preoperative plan, and punctured the target while maintaining the operative field using robotic forceps. The position of the probe was monitored continuously with 3-D navigation and 2-D ISC images, as well as the MR-compatible laparoscope. The ISC image was updated every 4 s; no artifact was detected. Conclusion A newly developed MR image-guided surgical robotic system is feasible for an operator to perform safe and precise minimally invasive procedures.     

Internet-based group contingency management to promote abstinence from cigarette smoking: a feasibility study

Background

In contingency management (CM) interventions, monetary consequences are contingent on evidence of drug abstinence. Typically, these consequences are contingent on individual performance. Consequences contingent on group performance may promote social support (e.g., praise).

Methods

Thus, to combine social support with the monetary incentives of CM, we integrated independent and interdependent group contingencies of reinforcement into an Internet-based intervention to promote smoking abstinence. Breath carbon monoxide (CO) measures were compared between treatment conditions and a baseline control condition. Thirteen participants were divided into 5 groups or “teams” (n = 2-3 per team). Each participant submitted video recordings of CO measurement twice daily via the Internet. Teammates could monitor each other's progress and communicate with one another through an online peer support forum. During a 4-day tapering condition, vouchers exchangeable for goods were contingent on gradual reductions in breath CO. During a 10-day abstinence induction condition, vouchers were contingent on abstinence (CO ≤ 4 ppm). In both treatment conditions, concurrent independent and interdependent group contingencies were arranged (i.e., a mixed contingency arrangement).

Results

Less than 1% of CO samples submitted during baseline were ≤ 4 ppm, compared to 57% submitted during abstinence induction. Sixty-five percent of participants’ comments on the online peer support forum were rated as positive by independent observers. Participants rated the intervention favorably on a treatment acceptability questionnaire.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the intervention is feasible and acceptable for promoting abstinence from cigarette smoking.     

氨甲环酸片用于人工流产术止血的临床观察

目的探讨氨甲环酸片用于早孕孕妇行人工流产术的止血效果。方法将120例孕妇随机分为氨甲环酸组和对照组各60例,并按妇科检查及B型超声测定判断孕周大小进行配对。氨甲环酸组于人工流产术前2h予以氨甲环酸片500mg口服,对照组不服用任何药物。测量并比较2组术中及术后出血量,同时观察药物不良反应。结果氨甲环酸组术中、术后出血量及总出血量少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氨甲环酸组出现轻度恶心18例(30.0%),轻度头晕8例(13.3%);对照组仅出现轻度恶心1例(1.7%),均未做任何处理自行好转。结论氨甲环酸片用于早孕孕妇人工流产术有较好的止血效果,术中及术后出血量均明显减少,无严重不良反应,有利于患者恢复。     

医院信息系统与膳食系统的集成设计方案及实现

针对医院信息系统常用的三种系统集成设计方案,做了简单介绍和比较.根据实际情况,选择最佳方案.结合HIS与膳食系统的集成,阐述基于ORACLE数据库的触发器应用,正确认识使用触发器可能带来的问题,充分利用其优势完成系统集成任务.