Increased risk of diabetes among relatives of female insulin-treated patients diagnosed at 15-34 years of age.

AIMS: This study aimed to determine the risk of developing diabetes among relatives of patients diagnosed between 15 and 34 years of age who were treated with insulin. Our second aim was to determine whether there was a difference in risk of diabetes between relatives of male and female patients. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to patients in the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden registry diagnosed between 1983 and 1993 to determine the presence of first-degree relatives with diabetes. RESULTS: In 3087 index patients treated with insulin, 17.8% (95% confidence interval 16.5, 19.2) had a first-degree relative (excluding offspring) treated with insulin, the frequency being higher in female (19.8%) than in male (16.5%, P = 0.018) patients. A total of 10.7% had a parent treated with insulin. The prevalence of insulin-treated diabetes was higher among parents of female (12.5%) than of male (9.5%), insulin-treated index patients (P = 0.0068). A similar difference was observed using life table analysis (P = 0.0025), which also showed that the risk by 63 years of age was 7.6% for parents of female and 4.9% for parents of male insulin-treated index patients. In insulin-treated index patients, 8.4% had a sibling with insulin-treated diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the risk for relatives of women with insulin-treated diabetes was higher than for relatives of insulin-treated male patients. We suggest that greater genetic susceptibility is required for females compared with males in the 15-34 age group in order to develop diabetes and hence females might carry more diabetes genes since more of their relatives also develop diabetes.     

隧道反复高气压作业减压方案的研究

根据上海市延安东路越江隧道工程中反复高气压作业安全减压的需要,经研究确定减压方案所需残余氮当量时间△t的参数计算后,在工作压力80～300kPa(0.8～3.0kgf/cm~2)、两次作业时间之和为6h的条件下,通过8名锻炼员108人次模拟实验,制订了反复高气压作业减压方案的作业时间调整表;在该工程中进行反复高气压作业、减压1181人次的应用验证,结果无一例发病。     

环丙沙星片剂的人体生物利用度及药代动力学研究

本文报道８例健康青年志愿者交叉口服两个药厂生产的盐酸环丙沙星的人体生物利用度及药代动力学研究。用反相高效液相色谱法测定人血清中环丙沙星浓度。单剂量空腹口服两种片剂５００ｍｇ后，体内过程符合单室模型。达峰时间为１．７３９±０．６６５ｈ和１．５７９±０．５７８ｈ；峰浓度为１．４４１±０．２４９ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１）和１．３０８±０．２０２ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１）；曲线下面积为９．５３４±２．１３８ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１）·ｈ和８．９５２±２．１６３ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１）·ｈ；消除半衰期为３．３２７±０．７２５ｈ和３．７２４±１．１２８ｈ。以对照制剂为标准，样品制剂的相对生物利用度为１０６．５％，两药的主要药代动力学参数无显著性差异（ｐ＞０．０５）。     

环境卫生学监测细菌菌落总数换算简表的应用研究

目的 免去以往环境卫生学监测中对单位空气和单位面积细菌菌落总数繁琐的换算过程，提高监测工作效率，保证监测结果计算的准确性。方法 针对不同监测对象，依据相应的公式、方法和相关条件，经反复计算和实践编制出包括空气、物品和环境表面、皮肤、粘膜、手等监测项目的《环境卫生学监测细菌菌落总数换算简表》。结果 该《环境卫生学监测细菌菌落总数换算简表》完全可替代环境卫生学监测中对单位空气和单位面积细菌菌落总数的换算过程。只用平板或基条上的细菌菌落总数即可在表中直接查到每m^3空气或每cm^2面积所含的细菌菌落总数。结论 该《环境卫生学监测细菌菌落总数换算简表》计算依据规范，可靠，数据精确；使用方便，换算快捷；实用性强，并具有无限的扩展性。不仅适合医院环境卫生学监测细菌菌落总数的换算，也适用于卫生防疫、制药业和有关科研等单位。使用该换算表可明显提高监测工作效率．并保证数据换算的准确性。     

1981—1985年及1986—1990年南京市居民寿命表分析

就南京市1981--1985年(简称前五年)及1986--1990年(简称后五年)居民的寿命表作了分析。结果提示:随着时间的推移,居民的各种寿命表指标均在发生改变,其中寿命表死亡概率、年龄别死亡率均不同程度在下降,而尚存率、预期寿命等均不同程度在提高。预期寿命男性由前五年的69.91岁增加到后五年的71.77岁,女性由73.81岁增加到75.43岁,明显高于全国同期水平。居民的尚存半数年龄亦由前五年的73.4岁后移至77.1岁,女性由74.6岁后移至78.4岁.     

肺癌高危职业人群前瞻研究

对肺癌高危险职业人群进行了１０年前瞻性研究并与同时、同地居民用截缩寿命表法进行对比全、去死因寿命。分析了高危险人群的寿命水平、死亡特征、肺癌死因对寿命的影响。结果表明，高危职业人群的寿命水平低于居民，肺癌死亡居恶性肿瘤死亡之首。去除肺癌死因后，高危职业人群的期望寿命将提高１．３８￣１．５８岁，其肺癌导致寿命损耗比当地同性别居民损耗多１．１５岁。对以上结果做了扼要讨论。     

浅谈护理表格书写的质量管理

该文从基础、流程、终末三个方面,浅谈了如何提高护理表格书写质量的管理.通过加强三个方面的管理使表格书写质量有了明显的提高.     

The modified odontoid view: an alternative visualization of the atlantoaxial joint

The sensitivity of the cross table lateral view (CTLV) alone, as a determinant in the radiographic disposition in patients with cervical spine fracture/dislocation has been challenged. A cervical spine trauma series that includes the CTLV, the anteroposterior view (APV), and the open-mouth view (OMV) has been suggested. Whereas the CTLV and APV present no difficulty, the OMV is often not possible in the uncooperative or unconscious patient, or in those patients with rigid forms of neck support. The modified odontoid view (MOV) can replace the OMV in these patients. The MOV allows for satisfactory visualization of the C1/C2 complex and is easily obtained as a portable technique. In addition, it requires neither patient cooperation nor neck movement. The technique is described and its interpretation reviewed.     

早稻三化螟生命表及其分析

本文应用昆虫生命表方法研究三化螟的发生量预测及其致量控制问题,试验在广东省海陵岛进行,当地的主要为害世代为第二世代,根据这个特点,以当代实际卵量与前一世代的顶期卵量的比率,即有效卵量概率,作为连续世代的连接点,组建自越冬幼虫至第二世代的连续生命表,应用排除作用控制指致评价重要因子和分析关健因子的作用,试验结果说明,越冬后幼虫至蛹的死亡,特别是第一世代有效卵量概率对第二世代数量的影响甚大;第一世代幼虫侵入后至第二世代期间,自然种群的发展过程比较稳定,根据第一世代卵量估计第二世代的数量有可能获得较好的顶测结果。