The feasibility and preliminary efficacy of early time-restricted eating on diet quality in college students: A randomized study

Meal timing is an important consideration when assessing health. The primary outcome of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of early time-restricted eating (eTRE) on diet quality in a sample of college students attending a large southwestern university. Cardiometabolic indices and anthropometric measures were also obtained. The study was planned as an eight-week intervention; however, COVID-19 necessitated laboratory closures that disrupted data collection at week eight. Hence, only data obtained at week zero (baseline) and week four were viable for analysis and are presented herein. Twenty-five healthy participants were randomized to the intervention group (eTRE) which consisted of a daily 6-hour eating window or the control group (CON) which consisted of a daily 16-hour eating window. Each week, participants were permitted one day off from their respective study protocol. Seventeen participants completed all aspects of the study, and diet quality data were obtained from one additional participant (n = 18). Preliminary findings indicate that the 6-hour eTRE protocol may be beneficial for weight reduction and for reducing energy-dense foods typically consumed during the evening hours or later at night. Future research should accommodate individual preferences with regard to the initiation time of the eating window while also providing evidence-based nutrition recommendations to improve diet quality.     

海南省学生身体素质研究报告

目的 调查研究海南省学生身体素质状况。方法 按《全国学生体质健康状况调查研究实施方案》所规定的测试方法和统计分析要求进行。结果 海南省学生身体素质六项指标基本随年龄增大而提高;男性学生、乡村学生、汉族学生大部分素质指标分别高于女性学生、城市学生及黎族学生;海南省学生1995年身体素质水平比1991年稍有下降。结论 应进一步加强我省学校尤其是少数民族地区学校的体育卫生工作。     

The geographic distribution of un-immunized children in Ontario,Canada: Hotspot detection using Bayesian spatial analysis

BackgroundIn Ontario, Canada, little is currently known about the extent to which un-immunized children may cluster geographically. Our objectives were to: describe the geographic distribution of fully un-immunized children; identify geographic clusters (hotspots) of un-immunized children; and to characterize the contribution of spatial effects and covariates on hotspots, where found.MethodsOur analytic cohort consisted of Ontario students aged 7–17 years in the 2016–2017 school year. We defined students as un-immunized if they had zero doses of any vaccine and a non-medical exemption recorded in Ontario’s registry. We calculated unadjusted proportions of un-immunized students by Census Subdivision (CSD) and then used a sequential approach to identify hotspots starting first with hotspot identification at the CSD level and then probed identified hotspots further by Dissemination Area (DA) and including covariates. Hotspots were identified using the Besag-York-Mollie Bayesian spatial model and were defined as areas with >95% probability of having two times the proportion of un-immunized students, relative to the province overall.ResultsWe identified 15,208 (0.94%) un-immunized children within our cohort consisting of more than 1.61 million students. Unadjusted proportions of un-immunized students varied greatly by geography, ranging from 0% to 21.5% by CSD. We identified 16 hotspot CSDs which clustered in five distinct areas, all of which were located in southern Ontario. The contribution of covariates and spatial effects on the risk of having un-immunized students varied greatly across hotspot areas.ConclusionsAlthough the provincial proportion (0.94%) of un-immunized students is small, geographical clustering of such students is evident in Ontario and in some areas presents an important risk for future outbreaks. Further qualitative work within these hotspot areas would be a helpful next step to better characterize the factors associated with vaccine refusal in these communities.     

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the transition between adolescence and adulthood

PurposeYoung adulthood is characterized by changes in health care decision-making, insurance coverage, and sexual risk. Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is now approved for adults up to age 45, and catch-up vaccination is currently recommended up through age 26, vaccination rates remain low in young adults. This study explored perspectives on HPV vaccination among young adults receiving care at the student health center of a large public university.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 27) and four focus groups with female and male undergraduate and graduate students (n = 18) and semi-structured interviews with health care providers (n = 6). Interviews and focus groups explored perceived risk of HPV infection, benefits of the HPV vaccine, and motivations for and barriers to HPV vaccination.ResultsMany young adults cited their parents’ views and recommendations from medical providers as influential on their decision-making process. Students perceived that cervical cancer prevention was a main benefit of the HPV vaccine and sexual activity was a risk factor for HPV infection. Students often lacked knowledge about the vaccine’s benefits for males and expressed some concerns about the safety and side effects of a vaccine perceived as new. Logistical barriers to vaccination included uncertainty over vaccination status and insurance coverage for the vaccine, and concerns about balancing the vaccine schedule with school obligations. Providers’ vaccine recommendations were impacted by health system factors, including clinical infrastructure, processes for recommending and documenting vaccination, and office visit priorities. Suggested vaccination promotion strategies included improving the timing and messaging of outreach efforts on campus and bolstering clinical infrastructure.ConclusionsAlthough college may be an opportune time to reach young adults for HPV vaccination, obstacles including navigating parental influence and independent decision-making, lack of awareness of vaccination status, and numerous logistical and system-level barriers may impede vaccination during this time.     

贵阳市高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解贵阳市高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛情况,为高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛方面的医疗卫生服务提供参考依据。 方法 采取单纯随机抽样方法抽出7所公办本科高校,再整群随机抽取部分学院的教师,采用问卷对抽中的教师进行面对面调查。 结果 共调查963名高校教师,检出颈椎慢性疼痛患者360例,颈椎慢性疼痛患病率37.4%。男性患病率为29.9%,女性患病率为42.9%,女性患病率高于男性（〖XC五号.EPSP〗=16.927,P<0.001）。高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛患者的平均疼痛时间3年,女性较男性疼痛时间要长（Z=-2.936,P=0.003）;疼痛最主要类型为酸、胀痛。颈椎疼痛对80%以上的高校教师的日常、睡眠、心情都有轻度以上的影响。多因素分析结果显示,伏案时间（OR=1.247,95%CI:1.035~1.502）和每周运动天数较少:<1天（OR=2.808,95%CI:1.859~4.243）、1~2天（OR=1.750,95%CI:1.207~2.537）、3~4天（OR=1.636,95%CI:1.133~2.363）是高校教师患颈椎慢性疼痛的独立危险因素。 结论 贵阳市高校教师群体颈椎慢性疼痛患病率较高、呈年轻化趋势,疼痛病史较长,女性较男性严重;颈椎慢性疼痛影响患者的睡眠和心情。应关注高校教师颈椎慢性疼痛的防控。     

基于大学生群体的三种手机成瘾量表信效度及应用的比较研究

目的 比较三种手机成瘾量表在大学生手机成瘾测量中的一致性。方法 选取合肥市3所本科高校的1004名大学生,采用手机成瘾指数量表（MPAI）、智能手机依赖量表（SAS）、智能手机依赖量表简版（SAS-SV）同时进行手机成瘾倾向的测量,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）进行睡眠质量的测量,对122位学生在首次测评两周后进行重测。用Pearson相关系数描述三个量表得分之间的相关性;用符合率和Kappa系数衡量手机成瘾判定结果的一致性;用t检验、方差分析、logistic回归进行手机成瘾与大学生基本特征、相关因素的关联分析。结果 MPAI与SAS、MPAI与SAS-SV、SAS与SAS-SV得分之间的Pearson相关系数分别为0.72、0.74、0.95（P＜0.010）。MPAI与SAS-SV判定手机成瘾结果的符合率为64.6％,Kappa值为0.32（P＜0.001）。t检验显示,性别、专业属性与量表得分之间,三个量表结果一致;方差分析显示年级与量表得分之间,SAS与MPAI、SAS-SV的结果不一致。Logistic回归分析显示,性别、年级、专业属性与手机成瘾之间,MPAI、SAS-SV结果一致;睡眠与手机成瘾之间,MPAI、SAS-SV结果不一致。结论 三种量表的信效度均较好;量表得分的相关性较高,但MPAI和SAS-SV判定手机成瘾的一致性较差;在手机成瘾相关因素分析上,量表间存在不一致的现象。