Inpatient Burden and Mortality of Methanol Intoxication in the United States

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess inpatient prevalence, characteristics, outcomes, and resource utilization of hospitalization for methanol intoxication in the United States.Materials and MethodsA total of 603 hospitalized patients with a primary diagnosis of methanol intoxication from 2003 to 2014 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample database. The inpatient prevalence, clinical characteristics, treatments, outcomes, resource utilization, were investigated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe overall inpatient prevalence of methanol intoxication among hospitalized patients was 6.4 cases per 1,000,000 admissions in the United States. The mean age was 38±18 (range 0–86) years. 44% used methanol for suicidal attempts. 20% of admissions required mechanical ventilation, and 40% required renal replacement therapy. The three most common complications were metabolic acidosis (44%), hypokalemia (18%), and visual impairment or optic neuritis (8%). The three most common end-organ failures were renal failure (22%), respiratory failure (21%), and neurological failure (17%). 6.5% died in the hospital. Factors associated with increased in-hospital mortality included alcohol drinking, hypernatremia, renal failure, respiratory failure, circulatory failure, and neurological failure. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.0 days. The mean hospitalization cost per patient was $43,222ConclusionThe inpatient prevalence of methanol intoxication in the United States was 6.4 cases per 1,000,000 admissions. The risk of in-hospital mortality mainly depended on the number of end-organ failures.     

Younger Adults Initiating Hemodialysis: Antidepressant Use for Depression Associated With Higher Health Care Utilization

Objective

To examine associations between antidepressant use and health care utilization in young adults beginning maintenance hemodialysis (HD) therapy.

Search for familial hypercholesterolemia patients in an Italian community: A real-life retrospective study

Background and aimsFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common inherited disorder of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism that causes elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite the availability of effective treatments, FH remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The aims of the study were to identify putative FH subjects using data from laboratory and cardiology databases, genetically characterize suspected FH patients referred to the Lipid Clinic and monitor attainment of treatment goals in identified patients.Methods and resultsWe retrieved the electronic health records of 221,644 individuals referred to laboratory for routine assessment and of 583 ASCVD patients (age ≤65) who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We monitored the lipid profiles of subjects with LDL-C ≥ 250 mg/dl identified by laboratory survey (LS-P), PTCA patients and patients from the Lipid Clinic (LC-P). The laboratory survey identified 1.46% of subjects with LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dl and 0.08% with LDL-C ≥ 250 mg/dl. Probable/definite FH was suspected in 3% of PTCA patients. Molecularly-confirmed FH was found in 44% of LC-P subjects. Five new LDLR mutations were identified. The 50% LDL-C reduction target was achieved by 70.6% of LC-P patients. Only 18.5% of PTCA patients reached the LDL-C < 55 mg/dl target.ConclusionBy using a combined approach based on laboratory lipid profiles, documented ASCVD and Lipid Clinic data, we were able to identify subjects with a high probability of being FH. Attainment of LDL-C goals was largely suboptimal. Efforts are needed to improve FH detection and achievement of lipid targets.     

冠状动脉慢血流现象临床危险因素及形态学研究

目的探寻冠状动脉慢血流现象(CSFP)的临床危险因素,了解冠状动脉形态对心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验(TIMI)血流的影响,推测CSFP的发病机制。方法回顾性收集2017年1月至2019年7月于兰州大学第一医院心脏中心行冠状动脉造影无狭窄病变的患者256例,根据TIMI血流帧数将其中血流减慢的患者设为CSFP组(100例),将血流正常患者设为对照组(156例),按年龄和性别匹配。收集患者临床数据和冠状动脉造影数据,采用二元logistic回归模型分析CSFP的危险因素,并采用Pearson相关分析检验冠状动脉形态学参数与平均校正的TIMI帧数(cTFC)的相关性。结果CSFP组同型半胱氨酸[(22.07±7.27)mmol/L比(18.16±6.63)mmol/L]、中性粒细胞百分比[(44.40±15.60)%比(35.43±12.49)%]、淋巴细胞百分比[3.65%(1.32%,24.65%)比1.80%(1.02%,6.22%)]、平均血小板体积(MPV)[(13.17±1.82)fl比(12.20±1.57)fl]、血小板分布宽度(PDW)[(14.17±2.17)f l比(13.21±2.42)f l]与对照组相比更高,三酰甘油[(3.05±1.37)mmol/L比(3.44±1.36)mmol/L]、纤维蛋白原[(2.65±0.68)g/L比(2.86±0.66)g/L]与对照组相比更低,术中血压更低,冠状动脉平均直径更大,平均远端分支数更少,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。二元logistic回归模型拟合显示:同型半胱氨酸(OR 1.077,95%CI 1.034~1.123,P<0.001)、中性粒细胞百分比(OR 1.064,95%CI 1.032~1.097,P<0.001)、PDW(OR 1.194,95%CI 1.051~1.356,P=0.006)、MPV(OR 1.338,95%CI 1.127~1.588,P=0.001)是预测CSFP的独立危险因素。相关性分析显示,冠状动脉平均直径与平均cTFC呈显著正相关(r=0.583,P<0.05);冠状动脉平均远端分支数与平均cTFC呈显著负相关(r=-0.508,P<0.05)。结论同型半胱氨酸、中性粒细胞百分比、PDW和MPV是预测CSPF的独立危险因素。冠状动脉平均直径和远端分支数均与冠状动脉平均cTFC密切相关。炎症可能是CSFP发生的关键机制。     

Characteristics and sputum conversion of tuberculosis (TB) patients in Kalutara,Sri Lanka

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease; remains as one of the important public health problem affecting every part of the world. Substantial number of TB cases are reported from Sri Lanka every year irrespective of its strong preventive health system. The aim of this analysis is to describe the characteristics of TB patients and to assess the factors associated with sputum conversion. This analysis was based on the data from the District Chest Clinic of Kalutara district, Sri Lanka.

肝静脉闭塞病的临床和病理研究

目的通过对肝静脉闭塞病（HVOD）的临床和病理特点研究,提高对该病的认识.方法回顾性分析因骨髓移植和服用土三七所致12例HVOD的临床和病理特征.结果骨髓移植所致HVOD常表现为急性起病,且病情较重;而土三七所致HVOD除急性起病外,也可以表现为亚急性、慢性起病,且病情轻重不一,可能与土三七的剂量和疗程以及个体差异相关.抗凝疗法治疗急性和亚急性HVOD疗效优于慢性HVOD.两者所致HVOD的病理均表现为肝窦扩张、瘀血,肝索挤压、萎缩,肝细胞坏死,胆汁淤积,而肝小静脉缩窄甚至闭塞等典型表现并不常见,可能与经皮肝穿刺活检术有很大局限性有关.结论骨髓移植和应用土三七应警惕HVOD的发生,争取早期诊断和及时治疗.