5-HT2A SNPs and the Temperament and Character Inventory

Temperamental traits, the most basic part of personality, have been largely correlated with neurotransmitter systems and are under genetic control. Among serotonin candidates, the 2A receptor (5-HT(2A)) received considerable attention. We analyzed four SNPs (rs643627, rs594242, rs6311 and rs6313) in the 5-HT(2A) gene and their association with personality traits, as measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The sample was composed of three sub-groups: two German sub-samples, consisting of a healthy group of 289 subjects (42.6% males, mean age: 45.2+/-14.9) and a psychiatric patient group of 111 suicide attempters (38.7% males, mean age: 39.2+/-13.6), and an Italian sub-sample, composed of 60 mood disorder patients (35.0% males, mean age: 44.0+/-14.8). Controlling for sex, age and educational level, the SNPs were not strongly associated with personality dimensions. Only the rs594242 showed an association with Self-Directedness (p=0.003) in the German sample, while rs6313 was marginally associated with Novelty Seeking (p=0.01) in the Italian sample. We conclude that 5-HT(2A) SNPs may marginally modulate personality traits but further studies are required.     

Temperament and character predictors of depressed mood over a 4‐year interval

Background: A large community sample [n=591, 57% women, M age=51.01] was administered the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory [TCI‐R; Cloninger, 1999]: The Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised. St. Louis, MO: Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Washington University] and a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale [CES‐D; Radloff, 1977]: Appl Psychol Measure 1:385–401] at Time 1 [T₁] and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale again 4 years later at Time 2 [T₂].Methods: Whereas three of the seven personality dimensions were significantly and uniquely associated with depressed mood at T₁, only harm avoidance emerged as a significant unique positive predictor of depressed mood at T₂. Results: When participants were grouped according to the level of stability versus change in depressed mood during the 4‐year period, reward dependence, self‐directedness, and cooperativeness were found to be significantly lower among those low in depressed mood at T₁ who subsequently evidenced moderate to high levels of depressed mood at T₂ when compared to those with low depressed mood on both assessment occasions. Additional analyses indicated that those who evidenced moderate to high levels of depression at T₁ and T₂ were distinctly higher on harm avoidance and lower on self‐directedness when compared to those who had consistently low or variable levels of depressed mood across the two assessment occasions. Conclusions: Findings from this research are discussed in terms of personality‐related vulnerability and risk factors for future episodes of depressed mood. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

服务文化和护患关系

随着新型医患关系的形成,患者对医疗服务质量的期望越来越高。良好的护患关系不仅能提高患者对护士的满意度,达到事半功倍的效果,为患者的尽快康复创造条件,也直接影响到整个医疗的质量水平,也充分体现了护士的社会价值。本文就服务文化和护患关系作一综述。     

Temperament and character: prognostic factors in whiplash patients?

We studied the relationship between whiplash injury and personality in 40 whiplash patients who admitted the hospital within 8 h from the car accident and 80 age- and gender-matched controls. For this purpose we used the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We found that personality dimensions in whiplash patients both in the acute phase and at follow-up 2 years later showed the same results, i.e., significantly less Harm Avoidant (less anxious; low HA) than controls, but when dividing patients into groups depending on severity of outcome from whiplash injury 2 years after, no differences were found. According to our results personality symptoms related to whiplash injury is probably not a secondary phenomenon. Whiplash patients were normally developed in character, i.e., self-directedness (SD), and CO (cooperativeness) and therefore in general are capable of coping with their somatic problems.     

2004年SARS流行特征

目的：进一步熟悉、掌握SARS流行病学，为预防SARS提供科学依据。方法：收集全世界SARS病毒的流行资料，分析、比较2002／2003年与2003／2004年两次SARS流行特征。结果：2002／2003年SARS仅数月波及全世界31个国家和地区，累计发生病例8437例，死亡872例，病死率是10．34％（9．69％-10．99％），显示出SARS具有极强的传染性、聚集性、致死性、广泛的地域性。而2003／2004年的SARS表现仅为少数几个国家和地区，累计发生病例16例，死亡1例，病死率是6．25％（0．130％-30．00％），虽然两个年度病死率相似（二项分布，P=0．4965），但2003／2004年病例与死亡绝对数极少，显示出较弱的传染性、局限性和有限的地域性。结论：2002／2003年的SARS具有极强的传染性、聚集性、致死性和广泛的地域性，显示出传染源、传播途径、易感人群3个环节控制难度。而2003／2004年的SARS具有独立性、局限性、有限的地域性，显示出较弱的传染性。     

香港商品中药材降香的鉴定

对由东南亚进口于香港的一种商品中药材降香，从性状、组织结构、理化分析鉴定其为豆科囊状紫檀Ｐｔｅｒｏｃａｒｐｕｓ ｍａｓｕｐｉｕｍ Ｒｏｘｂ．心科。     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠幽门螺杆菌全菌蛋白微球的制备及表征

目的以壳聚糖、海藻酸钠为主要材料包裹幽门螺杆菌(HP)全菌超声蛋白抗原,制备新型HP疫苗制剂。方法将海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、大豆油以及HP超声全菌抗原制备成W/O/W型微球。通过扫描电镜、粒径分布仪等检测微球粒径大小;药物溶出度仪、BCA蛋白试剂盒检测微球的蛋白包封率及药物释放速率。结果所制备的微球形态规则,平均粒径3.33μm;蛋白包封率约为64.8%;微球呈显著缓释模式,缓释时间可达6d。结论壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球包裹全菌蛋白可以作为HP疫苗的新型缓释制剂。     

2004年新疆生产建设兵团第二次卫生服务调查居民基本情况分析

目的：分析兵团城市和农场居民家庭人口特征、医疗保障现状及贫困发生情况.方法：采取多阶段分层、整群抽样的方法,对4 469户,13 126人进行家庭入户健康询问调查.结果：2004年兵团被调查人口男女性比例为103.7,其中城市比例为98.4,农场比例为105.3;调查人口中65岁及以上人口占9.9%,城市为13.3%,农场为8.6%,调查人口老龄化趋势明显;兵团城市和农场居民中均有30%以上的居民是自费医疗;被调查人口贫困户比例为3.0%,其中城市为2.0%,农场为3.5%.结论：兵团老龄化进程迅速;我们应该建立更加完善的医疗保障体系,并且针对弱势人群开展医疗救助.     

论中医学之“痰”的形成及特性

中医学所说的痰,是先后天多种因素,导致人体气化失常的产物。学者和医家从五脏所属、病因病机、形色质地、痰结程度等不同视角认识痰,赋予痰不同的名称,从而形成了有关痰的各种概念。痰,具有逐渐蓄积、流动不测、黏滞胶着、秽浊腐败、凝结积聚、致病怪异等特性。研究这些特性的形成原理和临床特征,对于认识和理解痰对人体的影响及致病特点,对于正确地诊断和有效地防治痰病,是十分重要的。     

游戏角色依恋问卷在中国大学生中的适用性研究

目的:将游戏角色依恋问卷应用于我国大学生人群,通过对其信度和效度的研究,考察其适用性。方法:使用游戏角色依恋问卷和网络游戏成瘾问卷对481名在校大学生网络游戏玩家进行测量。结果:网络游戏角色依恋有4个维度,分别是认同和友谊、关注矛盾、责任和控制,且4个维度的内部一致性系数较高;验证性因素分析结果表明4个维度模型有较好的拟合度。游戏角色依恋问卷得分与网络游戏成瘾得分具有较高的相关。结论:游戏角色依恋问卷符合心理测量性要求,可用于测量我国大学生网络游戏玩家与其角色的关系。