性犯罪相关因素的综合性研究

目的探讨性犯罪的相关因素及预防措施。方法采用Olsen家庭问卷、艾森克人格问卷、WAIS-RC智力测验等测查工具,对78名性犯罪者和78名正常人对照,就家庭、个性、智力、社会环境等有关因素进行综合性分析。结果母孕期营养差、少年严重疾病、智能偏低、少年学习成绩差、少年品行障碍(如反复逃学、说谎、偷窃、打架斗殴、逃离家庭)、具有精神质(P)和神经质(N)等个体因素,研究组明显高于对照组。在家庭和社会环境方面:单亲家庭、父母文化水平低、家庭中有违法犯罪成员、对孩子管教方式不良、缺乏监督、不良结伴、追求享受、赌博、酗酒、坏人教唆等明显高于对照组,差异有显著性。结论预防性犯罪应采取综合措施,需要全社会的共同努力。     

不同年代精神病院医院感染的临床对比分析

目的:对比分析不同年代精神病院医院感染的临床特点及易感因素,为精神病院医院感染的防控积累资料。方法:随机抽查1989、1999和2009年三年的精神科住院病历各500份,分别调查医院感染发生率、感染部位、易感因素,对比分析不同病种之间、不同年代之间的医院感染特点及差异。结果:1989、1999和2009年各年份医院感染率分别为6.2%、5.6%、4.8%,医院感染率有逐年下降趋势,但无显著性差异(P0.05);各年份均以精神分裂症的院内感染发生率最高;院内感染部位主要是皮肤、胃肠道;医院感染的首要易感因素是行为紊乱、生活自理能力差;各年份间院内感染转归比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:精神专科医院必须根据专科特色,落实防控措施,以减少医院感染的发生。     

Orthographic and phonological processing of Chinese characters: an fMRI study

The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the orthographic and phonological processing of Chinese characters. Four tasks were devised, including one homophone judgment and three physical judgments of characters, pseudo-characters, and Korean-like nonsense figures. While the left occipitotemporal region, left dorsal processing stream, and right middle frontal gyrus constitute a network for orthographic processing, the left premotor gyrus, left middle/inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), and the left temporoparietal region work in concert for phonological processing. The ventral part of the left inferior frontal cortex responds specifically to the character stimuli, suggesting a general lexical processing role for this region for linguistic material. The stronger activation of the dorsal visual stream by Chinese homophone judgment pinpoints a tight coupling between phonological representation of Chinese characters and corresponding orthographic percepts. The concomitant engagement of sets of regions for different levels of Chinese orthographic and phonological processing is consistent with the notion of distributed parallel processing.     

Temperament and Character Dimensions in Opiate Addicts: Comparing Subjects Who Completed Inpatient Treatment in Therapeutic Communities vs. Incompleters

The aim of this study was to compare temperamental profiles of patients who completed inpatient treatment of drug dependence with those who failed to complete the program. One hundred forty four opiate addicts, all resident in therapeutic communities and screened to exclude Axis I disorders, were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). After one year, the TCI scores were compared between those who were still resident and those who had dropped out. Significant differences between groups were found in Reward Dependence, Persistence, Cooperativeness, Self-Transcendence. Temperament and character features may have an influence on motivation and on the adherence to treatment and community rules, as they modulate the maintenance of ongoing behaviors and the sensitivity to social rewards. The findings suggest that personality assessment with TCI in opiate addicts may be helpful in screening procedures to increase the efficiency of treatment and rehabilitative strategies.     

Regional brain cerebral glucose metabolism and temperament: a positron emission tomography study

Personality, and in particular temperament, is thought to have a biological basis. In the present study, the relationships between regional brain glucose metabolism and temperament have been investigated. Regional brain glucose metabolism was measured using [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in 31 healthy subjects. Temperament was assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Temperament dimensions were observed to be significantly correlated with specific brain regions. In particular, novelty seeking was significantly correlated with the superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and the precuneus, which have been reported to be related with impulsiveness, while reward dependence was significantly correlated with the caudate head, which has been shown to be associated with reward processing. The various aspects of temperament may have biological bases in the specific brain regions. The accumulation of results from studies of this kind should provide further evidence connecting personality traits with their biological bases.     

针灸三大作用原理与方式

针灸含射于中国文化中,以"整体观"、"恒动观"和"辨证论治"指导临床。从《黄帝内经》至文革前,历代医家沿用经络为主传统针法。近几十年八字针法、腹针、脐针、耳针、眼针、天乙针法、易理针灸学等特种针法如雨后春笋相继产生,诸多针法作用原理归纳为三大途径:经络腧穴、太极―八卦、全息全像。     

妊娠并发痔疮的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的探讨妊娠并发痔疮患者的临床特征及与相关相关危险因素的关系。方法回顾性统计分析本院近4年来1562例痔疮患者的临床资料。结果①妊娠并发痔疮发病率随着年龄的增加,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;②妊娠并发痔疮组患者各项危险因素的比例均高于无痔疮组,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论妊娠并发痔疮患者与年龄、大便因素、饮食因素、运动因素、遗传等有密切关系。     

Correlation of a set of gene variants, life events and personality features on adult ADHD severity

Increasing evidence suggests that symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could persist into adult life in a substantial proportion of cases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of (1) adverse events, (2) personality traits and (3) genetic variants chosen on the basis of previous findings and (4) their possible interactions on adult ADHD severity. One hundred and ten individuals diagnosed with adult ADHD were evaluated for occurrence of adverse events in childhood and adulthood, and personality traits by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Common polymorphisms within a set of nine important candidate genes (SLC6A3, DBH, DRD4, DRD5, HTR2A, CHRNA7, BDNF, PRKG1 and TAAR9) were genotyped for each subject. Life events, personality traits and genetic variations were analyzed in relationship to severity of current symptoms, according to the Brown Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS). Genetic variations were not significantly associated with severity of ADHD symptoms. Life stressors displayed only a minor effect as compared to personality traits. Indeed, symptoms’ severity was significantly correlated with the temperamental trait of Harm avoidance and the character trait of Self directedness. The results of the present work are in line with previous evidence of a significant correlation between some personality traits and adult ADHD. However, several limitations such as the small sample size and the exclusion of patients with other severe comorbid psychiatric disorders could have influenced the significance of present findings.     

中老年原发性高血压患者人格特征及与血管紧张素Ⅱ相关分析

目的：探讨性格因素与中老年原发性高血压的关系及其引发高血压的病理生理机制。方法：选择原发性高血压组（EH）及正常对照组（NH）各100例,分别评定EPQ量表、A型行为量表,并将EH组按A型性格评定分为A型性格及非A型性格2个亚组．分别测定EH组血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）及去甲肾上腺素含量及血压。结果：EH组和NH组比较,性格内向、情绪不稳定及A型性格者比例明显增高（P〈0．01、P〈0．05、P〈0．01）,EH组中A型性格组AngⅡ及收缩压、舒张压均明显高于非A型性格组（均为P〈0．01）．EH组A型性格分值与上述指标均呈正相关（P〈0．01、P〈0．05、P〈0．05）,经多元线性逐步回归分析,只有AngⅡ与A型性格独立相关（P〈0．01）。结论：某些性格因素与中老年原发性高血压有关,肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统异常激活在该关系中发挥重要作用。     

Compulsive exercise to control shape or weight in eating disorders: prevalence, associated features, and treatment outcome

Objective

The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of compulsive exercising to control shape and weight in eating disorders (EDs) and its relationship with treatment outcome.

Method

Compulsive exercising to control shape and weight, defined according to a modified version of the Intense Exercising to Control Shape or Weight section of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), was assessed in 165 consecutive ED inpatients entering a protocol based on the transdiagnostic cognitive behavior theory and treatment of EDs. Baseline assessment also included anthropometry, the global EDE interview, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Eating Disorders Inventory-Perfectionism Scale, and the Temperament and Character Inventory.

Results

Of the patients, 45.5% were classified as compulsive exercisers, the prevalence being highest (80%) in restricting-type anorexia nervosa (AN), lowest in EDs not otherwise specified (31.9%), and intermediate in binge/purging AN (43.3%) and in purging-type bulimia nervosa (39.3%). Compulsive exercising to control shape and weight was independently predicted by the EDE restraint score (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.64; P = .014) after adjustment for ED; the total amount of exercise was associated with EDE restraint, as well as with the Temperament and Character Inventory reward dependence. At follow-up, an improved EDE global score was predicted by lower baseline values, higher baseline STAI and STAI improvement, and lower amount of exercise in the last 4 weeks. Voluntary treatment discontinuation was not predicted by baseline exercise.

Discussion

Compulsive exercising to control shape and weight is a behavioral feature of restricting-type AN, associated with restraint and temperament dimensions, with influence on treatment outcome.