矛盾·成因·对策——医学生医德品质形成及相关问题的伦理思考

医学生医德品质形成的过程中存在着社会主义医德规范对医学生的要求与其医德水平之间的基本矛盾:主要表现为:①医德认知观念系统化要求与医德教育非系统化之间的矛盾;②医德情感升华与个体思想水平、能力的矛盾;③医德意志理性与非理性的矛盾;④医德信念稳定性与动摇性的矛盾;⑤医德行为恒常性与非恒常性的矛盾。提出了“晓之以理,培养其情,磨砺其志、强化其念、疏导其行”的解决对策。     

高中生性格优点及与主观幸福感、学习成绩的关系研究

目的了解高中生性格优点及与主观幸福感、学习成绩的关系。方法采用修订的《性格优点(儿童)问卷》、生活满意度量表、快乐感量表对415名高中生进行调查。结果①高中生的突出优点有感恩、欣赏、爱、公平、好学;②在公平、宽恕、希望上有显著的年级与性别交互作用;在爱、正直、欣赏、感恩、信仰上有性别差异(女>男);在谦虚上得分高一高于高二(P<0.05);③爱、毅力、洞察、感恩、正直对生活满意度有显著的预测作用(R2=0.367,P<0.001);爱、毅力、谦虚、领导、希望对正性情感有显著的预测作用(R2=0.236,P<0.001);希望、热心、信仰、爱对负性情感有显著的预测作用(R2=0.119,P<0.001);毅力、创造、好学对成绩有显著的预测作用(R2=0.101,P<0.001)。结论性格优点与主观幸福感、学习成绩既直接相关,又可通过主观幸福感间接影响学习成绩。     

白细胞介素-32与疾病的关系研究进展

IL-32是新发现的一种促炎症细胞因子,它与多种疾病的发生发展有着密切关系。该文主要从IL-32的命名、产生、特性及其与多种疾病的关系进行介绍。     

冠心病患者性格与发病率相关性研究

目的：探讨冠心病患者性格与发病率之间的相关性。方法：随机抽取门诊及住院部冠心病患者79例,非冠心病患者76例,采用由龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）对观察对象进行性格特征的评定并比较。结果：与非冠心病患者的人格特征比较,冠心病患者的P维度[精神质（45.8±14.7）分∶（60.4±15.8）分]和N维度[情绪（49.7±13.5）分∶（59.8±10.6）分]得分明显升高（F=18.502,18.453,P〈0.01）。两组患者的性格类型比较显示冠心病患者性格类型多为外向情绪不稳定型（与A型性格类似）,其次是内向情绪不稳定型,两者相加占64.6%。结论：冠心病患者明显存在性格缺陷,帮助患者克服性格上的弱点,是预防冠心病的一个重要方面。     

Relationship between Personality and Insomnia in Panic Disorder Patients

Objective

Panic disorder (PD) is frequently comorbid with insomnia, which could exacerbate panic symptoms and contribute to PD relapse. Research has suggested that characteristics are implicated in both PD and insomnia. However, there are no reports examining whether temperament and character affect insomnia in PD. Thus, we examined the relationship between insomnia and personality characteristics in PD patients.

Methods

Participants were 101 patients, recruited from 6 university hospitals in Korea, who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for PD. We assessed sleep outcomes using the sleep items of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17)(item 4=onset latency, item 5=middle awakening, and item 6=early awakening) and used the Cloninger''s Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short to assess personality characteristics. To examine the relationship between personality and insomnia, we used analysis of variance with age, sex, and severity of depression (total HAMD scores minus sum of the three sleep items) as the covariates.

Results

There were no statistical differences (p>0.1) in demographic and clinical data between patients with and without insomnia. Initial insomnia (delayed sleep onset) correlated to a high score on the temperamental dimension of novelty seeking 3 (NS3)(F_1,96=6.93, p=0.03). There were no statistical differences (p>0.1) in NS3 between patients with and without middle or terminal insomnia.

Conclusion

The present study suggests that higher NS3 is related to the development of initial insomnia in PD and that temperament and character should be considered when assessing sleep problems in PD patients.     

不同经济划分方式四川省青年心理特征的比较

目的 探讨在人均GDP和城乡两种经济划分方式中,哪种方式更能反映出地区经济对青少年心理特征的影响.方法 以四川省10 684名应征青年为对象,以人均GDP聚类划分和国家行政级别划分为经济水平分类方法,采用全国征兵心理检测系统为心理特征检测工具.结果 人均GDP划分方式下,数学能力合格率二级地区显著高于一级地区(P＜0.05);信息加工速度合格率一级、二级地区显著高于三级地区(P＜0.05);Net维度三级地区[(52.28±10.53)分]显著高于一级[(50.64±10.17)分]、二级地区[(51.53±10.28)分,P＜0.05];Dit维度三级地区[(52.83±11.03)分]显著高于一级[(50.56±10.56)分]、二级地区[(51.80±10.81)分,P＜0.05];Set维度二级[(51.81±10.72)分]、三级地区[(52.44±10.94)分]显著高于一级地区[(49.90±10.76)分,P＜0.05].国家行政级别划分方式下,信息加工速度和语词推理城市合格率显著高于农村;Set维度农村[(52.30±10.85)分]显著高于城市[(51.07±10.90)分,P＜0.05].结论 按人均GDP聚类划分的方式能较好反映地区经济对青少年心理特征的影响.

Abstract：

Objective In the two division methods which are GDP per capita gathering and administrative level division of the state, which method can more reflect regional economy on teenagers psychological characteristics influence. Methods 10684 recruited youths were tested by Chinese enrollment psychological test system,and the division method of GDP per capita gathering and administrative level division of the state was adopted.Results By the method of GDP gathering, the percent of pass from digital operation was higher in second class region to first class region(P＜ 0.05 ). The percent of pass from digital search was higher in first and second class of region compared to third class of region(P ＜0.05). For the Net dimension, the average value of third class region (52.28 ±10. 53 ) was obviously higher than that of first class region (50. 64 ±- 10. 17)and second class region (51.53 ± 10.28 ) (P＜0. 05 ). For the Dit dimension, the average value of third class region (52.83 ± 11.03 ) was obviously higher than that of first class region (50. 56 ± 10. 56 ) and second class region (51.80 ± 10. 81 ) (P ＜0.05 ). The average value of Set dimension of second class region (51.81 ± 10.72)and third class region (52.44±- 10.94) was evidently higher than that of first class region (49.90 ± 10.76 ) (P ＜ 0. 05 ). While through the administrative level division of the state, the percent of pass was apparently higher in city than in country for digital searching and words reasoning; Set dimension was distinctly higher in country ( 52.30± 10. 85 ) than in city (51.07 ±10.90)(P＜0.05). Conclusion The GDP per capita clustering method can better reflect the regional economy on teenagers psychological characteristics influence.     

Association between the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) polymorphism and the personality traits of healthy Japanese participants

Background

Dopamine neurotransmitter systems have been associated with reward-related and novelty-seeking personality traits. We investigated the possible relationship between the personality traits measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the TaqI A and − 141C Ins/Del polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2).

Methods

The sample consisted of 1084 healthy Japanese medical students and medical staff (age = 29.0 ± 9.7 years), each of whom completed the TCI. Their genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood and genotyped using the TaqMan allele-specific assay method. The associations between gene polymorphisms and the scores for TCI were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting age. Males and females were analyzed separately. Epstatis was assesses using two-way ANCOVA between the DRD2 and ANKK1 genes.

Results

Men with the Ins/Del genotype of the − 141C Ins/Del polymorphism had significantly higher self-directedness scores than those with the Ins/Ins genotype (p = 0.021). None of the TCI scores differed among women with regard to the three genotype groups of the − 141C Ins/Del polymorphism. The DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1 A polymorphism did not affect any TCI factor for either men or women. An epistatic analysis did not reveal main effects of the two genes with regard to TCI scores, but an ANKK1 × DRD2 interaction significantly predicted TCI scores.

Conclusion

These findings suggest the possibility that the − 141C Ins/Del polymorphism and the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1 A polymorphism are not strongly linked to personality traits directly, but influences them under the interaction between the DRD2 and ANKK1 genes.     

浦东新区中小学生性格特征与家长教育方式的关联性研究

目的 本研究旨在探讨分析中小学生的性格特征与家长教育方式之间的关联性,为家长对于子女的教育方式提出参考性建议.方法 在浦东新区的中小学内随机抽取学生1 122人,通过艾森克问卷儿童版了解中小学生的性格特征,由自编的家长教育方式问卷了解家长对学生的教育方式.结果家长与子女的沟通程度与中小学生的不良情绪,如厌烦、孤单等存在关联(P＜0.05):家长是否采取体罚与学生的恐惧、不安情绪以及打架、受罚情况存在关联(P＜0.05):家长是否注意营造融洽的家庭氛围与学生的不良情绪和社交心理之间存在关联性(P＜0.05).结论 为了培养中小学生良好的性格特征,家长要采取积极的教育方式,多与子女进行沟通,并能营造亲密融洽的家庭氛围.     

蕲蛇的鉴别研究进展＊

蕲蛇是《中国药典》收载的三种蛇类药材（含蕲蛇、乌梢蛇、金钱白花蛇）之一，具有祛风、通络、定惊止痉等功效，其药用价值和经济价值较高，市场需求量较大，为贵细药材。近年来，由于野生资源逐渐匮乏，在经济利益驱使下，蕲蛇商品普遍存在着伪品、混淆品、掺假品，这种质量不一、以次充好、以假代真的情况容易导致用药安全问题。本文通过总结蕲蛇的性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别和分子鉴别，以期为蕲蛇等蛇类药材的真伪鉴别和质量的优劣检测提供思路，为进一步鉴别研究、制剂开发提供参考依据，确保用药质量。     

《气质与性格量表》的发展演变和中文版的信效度检定

目的 1)介绍《气质与性格量表》(TCI)的理论基础和发展完善过程.2)验证125条目中文版TCI的信效度.方法 1958名大学新生完成了125条目的TCI问卷.回收的数据随机分为两组:一组做探索性因子分析(exploratory factor analysis,EFA)、一组做验证性因子分析(confirmatory factor analysis,CFA).结果 1)TCI总体的内部一致性信度为0.88,7个因子的Cronbach α系数依次为NS-0.68、HA-0.82、RD-0.52、P-0.61、SD-0.83、C-0.73和ST-0.79.2)EFA显示,单独针对气质维度的分析提取了4个因子、针对性格的分析提取了3个因子、针对整体TCI的分析提取了5个因子.CFA显示,基于EFA结果构建的气质4因子、性格3因子是适合度较好的模型,整体5因子的模型优于英文原版的7因子结构.结论 125条目的中文版TCI的信效度较好,具有较好的心理测量学特征,可以用作临床和科研工作中的人格测评工具.