Personality characteristics and psychological distress associated with primary exercise dependence: an exploratory study

The aim of this study was to assess personality characteristics and psychological distress associated with primary exercise dependence (ExeDepI) in a mixed gender sample. A cross-sectional study was carried out with adult habitual physical exercisers. A total of 79 participants voluntarily completed a package of self-report questionnaires including the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire (EDQ), the Eating Disorder Inventory II (EDI-2), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Attitude Toward Self scale (ATS), and the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ). Significant differences were found on the EDQ exercise for weight control subscale with regard to gender, as well as on the EDI-2 total score and five of its subscales, with higher scores for females compared to males. Participants reporting primary exercise dependence (N = 32) were more likely to present with disordered eating patterns than controls (N = 47). They also showed higher levels of harm avoidance and persistence on the TCI, but lower self-directness and less mature character. Furthermore, ExeDepI group scored higher on the ATS dysmorphophobia subscale, as well as on the anxiety and hostility subscales of the SQ compared to the control group. These findings provide support to the idea that primary exercise dependence can be considered as a clinical syndrome associated with certain personality characteristics and psychological symptoms that might be accurately assessed in clinical settings.     

错牙合成患者主动参与和沟通在正畸计划中的作用

目的：探讨错牙合成患者主动参与和沟通在正畸计划中的作用。方法：60例需要正畸的错牙合成患者,正畸前以问卷方式调查并确认每位患者的气质类型,平均分为A、B、C、D四组,每组15例。结果：A组患者对正畸计划评论较多,但对结果常摇摆不定,不满意平均值中等偏高;B组患者主动积极参与正畸计划的设计,对正畸各阶段的不满意度平均值为最低;C组患者常不满意正畸计划的细节,不满意度平均值为最高;D组患者完全不参与正畸计划,不满意度平均值中等偏低。结论：每组成人患者心理活动各有特点,正畸各阶段医者应与患者及时沟通,完成正畸治疗。     

民族地区中学生抑郁症状性格、性别因素分析

目的了解云南省民族地区中学生抑郁症状与性格及性别相关因素的关系,为民族心理卫生政策的制定提供相关依据.方法采用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和自编学生问卷,对6区/县17所中学学生,共12 408人进行调查,抽取民族地区中学生7 979人进行分析.结果共收取有效问卷12 206份,其中民族地区,有抑郁症状者1 802例,检出率22.6%,女生(25%)高于男生(20%),差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性格之间差别也存在统计学意义;在性别与性格的比较中,发现男生内向者抑郁症状(40.2%)高于女生内向者(35.6%).结论应重视民族地区中学生的抑郁情况,尤其是性别为女性和性格为内向的学生.     

It's a word: early electrophysiological response to the character likeness of pictographs

Using unfamiliar and meaningless pictographs that varied in their degree of similarity to Chinese characters, the current study tested whether the early electrophysiological response was modulated by character likeness. We measured P100 and N170 while 20 native Chinese speakers were viewing Chinese characters, drawings of objects, and pictographs. Comparisons across the three categories of stimuli showed that pictographs elicited a smaller N170 amplitude than did Chinese characters and a stronger N170 amplitude than did objects, but did not differ in the P100 amplitude from the other two categories. Within the category of pictographs, stimuli with a higher degree of character likeness elicited larger N170 amplitudes and shorter N170 peak latencies, and this effect was again not observed in P100. These results suggest that N170 is sensitive to visual stimuli's character likeness even though they are unfamiliar pictographs with no meanings or sounds.     

Temporal sequence of comorbid alcohol use disorder and anorexia nervosa

Women with eating disorders have a significantly higher prevalence of substance use disorders than the general population. The goal of the current study was to assess the temporal pattern of comorbid anorexia nervosa (AN) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) and the impact this ordering has on symptomatology and associated features. Women were placed into one of three groups based on the presence or absence of comorbid AUD and the order of AN and AUD onset in those with both disorders: (1) AN Only, (2) AN First, and (3) AUD First. The groups were compared on psychological symptoms and personality characteristics often associated with AN, AUD, or both using general linear models. Twenty-one percent of women (n = 161) with AN reported a history of AUD with 115 reporting AN onset first and 35 reporting AUD onset first. Women with binge-eating and/or purging type AN were significantly more likely to have AUD. In general, differences were found only between women with AN Only and women with AN and AUD regardless of order of emergence. Women with AN and AUD had higher impulsivity scores and higher prevalence of depression and borderline personality disorder than women with AN Only. Women with AN First scored higher on traits commonly associated with AN, whereas women with comorbid AN and AUD displayed elevations in traits more commonly associated with AUD. Results do not indicate a distinct pattern of symptomatology in comorbid AN and AUD based on the temporal sequence of the disorders.     

42例系统性红斑狼疮超声心动图特征分析

目的:分析系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者超声心动图特征.方法:用超声心动图检查42例SLE患者及42例正常人.测量包括收缩末期左心房前后径(LA)、舒张末期左心室内径(LV)、舒张末期右室内径(RV)、室间隔厚度(IVST)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWT).结果:SLE患者左房室及右室长大,瓣膜形态及功能损害,并常伴有心包积液,上述各项两组间相比均有极显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:超声心动图可作为评价狼疮性心肌受损程度及监测病情变化的重要手段.     

金元四大家论治消渴病思想浅析

金元四大家在继承前人学术思想的基础上,分别在论治消渴方面提出了各自的见解。刘完素从"三焦燥热怫郁结滞"论治,张从正遵"三消当从火断"论治,李杲从"血中伏火,津血不足"论治,朱丹溪从"阳实阴亏,气实血虚"论治,在对消渴病病机认识上各具特点,丰富完善了中医论治消渴病的理论体系。     

135例MSM人群行为学特征与行为干预实践

目的了解岳阳市部分男男同性性行为人群（MSM）行为学特征与艾滋病相关危险行为及其艾滋病病毒（HIV）和梅毒（SP）感染状况,探讨行为干预实践。方法采用横断面调查,在外展活动中对男同性恋者进行问卷调查,包括基本信息、与艾滋病感染的危险行为和艾滋病相关知识。抽取血样进行HIV和梅毒的实验室检测,同时开展知识讲座、免费发放安全套和宣传资料等。结果 MSM人群平均年龄26岁,将近50%的人受过高等教育,74%的人为未婚,三分之一的人是绝对同性恋,主要性行为是插入肛交（56.30%）,其次为相互手淫（50.37%）,与男性发生插入性行为时有14.1%的人从未使用过安全套。艾滋病性病防治有关知识知晓率达到92.6%以上。HIV感染率4.27%,梅毒抗体阳性率8.54%。结论岳阳市MSM人群危险性行为普遍存在,安全套使用率低,HIV、梅毒感染率较高,需进一步加强对该人群有效的宣传教育和行为干预,以控制HIV的传播。     

羚羊感冒胶囊的质量标准研究

目的:建立羚羊感冒胶囊的质量标准。方法:考察羚羊感冒胶囊的性状、显微特征,用薄层色谱(TLC)法对方中牛蒡子、桔梗、甘草、金银花进行定性鉴别,用高效液相色谱法对金银花中绿原酸进行含量测定。结果:显微特征明显;TLC斑点清晰、分离度好;绿原酸进样量在0.07952～0.99400μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为100.6%,RSD=1.41%(n=6)。结论:所用方法操作简便、专属性强,所建标准可用于羚羊感冒胶囊的质量控制。     

员工主观幸福感与性格优势及归属感的关系

目的探讨员工主观幸福感与性格优势及归属感的关系。方法采用发放问卷法对245名在职员工进行调查。结果①24个性格优势中的绝大多数人与主观幸福感呈正相关,归属感与幸福感及总性格优势均显著相关。r值分别为0.385和0.578。②归属感在性格优势与主观幸福感的关系中起着部分中介作用。结论那些有助于营造和谐人际关系、提升归属感的性格优势,更有助于提高幸福感的程度。