Self-Transcendence Mediates the Relationship between Early Trauma and Fatal Methods of Suicide Attempts

BackgroundEarly trauma is known to be a risk factor of suicide-related behavior. On the other hand, people who attempt suicide using a fatal method are reported to be more likely to complete suicide. In this study, we assumed that early trauma affects an individual''s temperament and character and thereby increases the risk of a fatal method of suicide attempts.MethodsWe analyzed 92 people with a history of previous suicide attempts. We compared the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised scores between the groups with and without early trauma, and between the groups with and without a history of suicide attempt using fatal methods through an analysis of covariance with age, sex, and presence of a psychiatric history as covariates. A mediation analysis was conducted of the relationship between early trauma and fatal methods of suicide attempt with self-transcendence as a mediator.ResultsHigher self-transcendence was reported in the fatal group (27.71 ± 13.78 vs. 20.97 ± 12.27, P = 0.010) and the early trauma group (28.05 ± 14.30 vs. 19.43 ± 10.73, P = 0.001), respectively. The mediation model showed that self-transcendence mediates the relationship between early trauma and fatal methods of suicide attempt. The 95% confidence intervals for the direct and indirect effect were (−0.559, 1.390) and (0.026, 0.947), respectively.ConclusionSelf-transcendence may mediate the relationship between early trauma and fatal methods of suicide attempt. Self-transcendence may be associated with unhealthy defenses and suicidal behavior for self-punishment and may constitute a marker of higher suicide risk.     

Temperament,character and personality disorders

ObjectiveTo study, whether temperament and character remain stable over time and whether they differ between patients with and without personality disorder (PD) and between patients with specific PDs.MethodsPatients with (n = 225) or without (n = 285) PD from Jorvi Bipolar Study, Vantaa Depression Study (VDS) and Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study were interviewed at baseline and at 18 months, and in the VDS also at 5 years. A general population comparison group (n = 264) was surveyed by mail.ResultsCompared with non-PD patients, PD patients scored lower on self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster B and C PDs associated with high Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance, respectively. In logistic regression models, sensitivity and specificity of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) dimensions for presence of any PD were 53% and 75%, and for specific PDs from 11% to 41% and from 92% to 100%, respectively. The 18-month test-retest correlations of TCI-R dimensions ranged from 0.58 to 0.82.ConclusionsMedium-term temporal stability of TCI in a clinical population appears good. Character scores differ markedly between PD and non-PD patients, whereas temperament scores differ only somewhat between the specific PDs. However, the TCI dimensions capture only a portion of the differences between PD and non-PD patients.     

木槿的生药学研究

对木槿的花、叶、茎皮进行了基源、性状、显微及理化鉴定,找出了木槿的花、叶、茎皮的主要鉴别特征,为正确鉴定木槿这一药材提供科学依据。     

血栓性状与急性肺栓塞相关性的动物实验研究

目的：将兔静脉血在体外自然凝固制成栓子，观察不同时间组血栓性状与肺栓塞的相关性。方法：将24只家兔随机分成两组，分别注入体外凝固20分钟栓子与60分钟栓子。将栓子导管导入右心房，建立肺栓塞的动物模型。造影观察PE；大体观察PE后栓子形态；光镜观察肺小动脉内血栓；电镜观察不同时间组血栓的性状。结果：（1）20分钟组未发生PE；60分钟组除2例死亡均发生PE并模拟出PE的临床肺心病型和猝死型。（2）电镜显示20分钟组血栓的纤维蛋白体积大、呈束状，纤维蛋白丝密集排列、结构清晰；60分钟组血栓的纤维蛋白体积小、呈短杆状，纤维蛋白丝疏松排列、部分区域结构不清。结论：（1）导管在右心房注入自身血液凝块可制出有效的PE模型。（2）注入血块的数量及速度的不同，可分别模拟出PE临床急性肺心病型和猝死型。（3）不同时间的血液凝块作为栓子对肺血管血流量影响不同，表明血栓的性状与PE的发生有关。     

关于医学信息学学科理论体系的思考

学科理论体系存在微观和宏观之说。介绍医学信息学的内涵,阐明其学科性质与定位,指出医学信息学的学科理论体系主要由学科支撑理论、学科基础理论和学科应用理论3部分组成,并对各部分进行具体阐述。     

No association between polymorphism in tyrosine hydroxylase and personality traits in healthy Japanese subjects

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between the (TCAT)_n repeat polymorphism in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene and personality. The (TCAT)_n repeat polymorphism in the TH gene was genotyped in 898 healthy Japanese subjects. Personality traits were evaluated using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). There was no significant difference in the TCI scores of subjects with and without the T9 allele. Furthermore, no significant association was found between each genotype and the TCI scores, even when the TCI scores were compared with the homozygous genotype. These findings suggest that the (TCAT)_n repeat polymorphism in the TH gene does not contribute to the personality traits evaluated on the TCI in healthy Japanese subjects.     

15676例急诊创伤患儿流行病学特征

目的:探讨急诊创伤患儿流行病学特征,提高患儿救治水平。方法:回顾分析该院自1995年1月～2004年12月收治的15676例急诊创伤患儿致病原因及临床特点。结果:同期来院就诊的创伤儿童也逐年上升趋势,上升的主要原因,其中交通因素所占很大部分。结论:要减少儿童创伤的发生率,人们应该从增加安全意识,遵守交通规则,同时家长要加强对儿童的看护,加强儿童的安全教育。     

髋臼骨折治疗方法探讨

目的探讨重度卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）合并大量胸腔积液患者的临床特点和相关合并症。方法对重度OHSS合并大量胸腔积液并做抽液治疗的23例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果23例42次胸腔积液检查，有21例40次（95％）检测为渗出液，2例2次为漏出液；14例做了血气分析，均为呼吸性碱中毒，8例（35％）吸氧状态下合并低氧血症；20例（87％）血液黏稠度增高，3例正常；21例（91％）凝血功能正常，2例凝血功能亢进；红细胞压积增高18例（78％），正常5例；低蛋白血症者17例（74％）；低血钾症者16例（70％）；雌二醇为14651～25500pmol／L；天冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高16例（70％），丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高15例（65％）；肾功能均正常。结论重度OHSS合并胸腔积液其性质基本属渗出性，蛋白定量不很高，细胞分类以中性粒细胞为主；易出现血液黏稠度和红细胞压积增高，但凝血功能基本正常；易合并呼吸性碱中毒、低氧血症、低蛋白血症、低钾血症及肝功能受损。全部患者血清雌二醇水平明显增高。     

Electrophysiological correlates of personality dimensions measured by Temperament and Character Inventory

The present exploratory study was attempted to investigate the relationship between components of event-related potential (ERP) and Cloninger's personality dimensions. The ERP was measured using the auditory oddball paradigm, and personality was evaluated by Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 25 healthy subjects. The results showed that P300 amplitude at Fz was significantly associated with reward dependence, and that P300 latency was positively correlated with persistence, and negatively correlated with novelty seeking. No correlations were found between N100, P200 and personality dimensions. These results indicate that personality dimension is related to information-processing in the brain. The neurobiological and psychological aspects of personality, which may relate to the P300 were considered.     

珠海口岸首次截获褐带蠊

珠海出入境检验检疫局于2003年8月29日从1艘巴拿马籍货轮上捕获1只雌性褐带蠊成虫Supella longipalpa(Fabricius，1798)。该种蜚蠊起源于非洲，在美国是常见室内种，在我国罕见。其主要特征为：有2条淡褐色带状横斑位于翅基部和腹部，因此俗称其为“褐带蠊”。为防止该蜚蠊通过国际航行船舶传入我国，对褐带蠊的形态特征进行描述，以供口岸检疫人员和昆虫研究人员鉴别之用。