Gastrointestinal pathophysiology and nutrition in cystic fibrosis

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe, progressive, multisystemic disease that is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Optimizing nutrition is critical, as higher growth parameters are associated with better pulmonary function and outcomes, but unfortunately patients with this disease are prone to malnutrition, growth failure, and vitamin deficiencies. The purpose of this review is to provide a timely highlight of the physiologic processes and outcome data to support today’s management strategies, as well as review these principles themselves.

Areas covered: This review covers the background of the importance of vigilant attention to nutrition and growth in these patients, the underlying physiology leading to an abnormal gastrointestinal tract and its role in CF malnutrition, and current evaluation and management strategies to address nutrition in CF. Analysis of up-to-date relevant literature was performed using PubMed.

Expert commentary: Advances in research and clinical developments over the years have improved knowledge of this disease as well as patient outcomes. Of particular importance is optimizing nutrition especially in the early stages of life, as well as accounting for the markedly abnormal CF intestinal milieu when addressing the gastrointestinal and nutritional needs of these patients.     

非典型抗精神病药物与阿尔茨海默病患者脑血管意外发生的关系研究

目的 研究分析非典型抗精神病药物与阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑血管意外发生的相关性.方法 选取本院收治的176例阿尔茨海默病患者,给予非典型抗精神病药物治疗,治疗期为3个月,比较治疗前后脑血管意外发生危险因素[平均动脉压、血糖、甘油三酯(TG)]的水平变化,并评价两者的关系.结果 治疗1个月脑血管意外的发生率明显低于治疗3个月(17.6％比31.3％,P＜ 0.05);治疗前、治疗1个月和3个月平均动脉压呈降低趋势,空腹血糖和TG呈逐渐升高趋势,这3项指标各自比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).结论 非典型抗精神病药物会引起阿尔茨海默病患者低血压、高血糖、TG,这些因素均可以导致脑血管意外的发生.     

正常青少年628例用力呼气MTT和MTT_P的分析

作者用“直接法”对成都市正常男女青少年628例作了肺量图平均通过时间(MTT)和部分平均通过时间(MTTp)测定与分析。结果表明:MTT和MTTp均随其年龄增长而加大,并随肺内容积衰减而延长;用力肺活量-时间曲线并非单指数函数;比平均通过时间与年龄呈高度负相关,能反映肺弹性回缩压和气道传导率在青少年期间的增长情况。     

Evaluation of the significance of “redistribution” in I-123 IMP SPECT in cerebrovascular disorders—a comparative study with PET

We evaluated the significance of redistribution in¹²³I-IMP SPECT study using PET. Twelve lesions in ten patients were selected. These lesions were classified into the following three groups; ischemia, infarction of subacute phase and infarction of chronic phase. All lesions with ischemia or subacute infarction showed good or moderate redistribution. Three of four lesions with chronic infarction showed no redistribution. The mean values of rCBF and rCMRO₂ were highest in the lesions with good redistribution, but there was no differences in rOEF with the degree of redistribution. In conclusion, the tissue with good redistribution is not always viable and it was impossible to predict a region with increased rOEF by redistribution alone.This article was presented at the 1st EEC workshop on accuracy determination in PET, January 19–20th. 1989 Pisa, Italy (COMAC-BME Concerted Project Characterization and Standardization of PET Instrumentation)     

弱酸弱硷对小鼠皮肤导电性的影响

本文研究了弱酸、弱碱对小鼠离体皮肤导电性的影响,结果表明,能使细胞内pH值下降的弱酸(二氧化碳)或弱酸盐(醋酸钠)可使皮肤导电性下降,而能婕细胞内pH增高的弱碱(氯化铵)则能使皮肤导电性增加。讨论了这些结果与表皮缝隙连接偶连状态间的可能连系。     

Skin conductance reaction (SCR)-habituation test, a tool to detect anxiolytic activity. Its justification by the correlation between SCR-habituation test activities and specific binding potencies in benzodiazepines

Correlation between specific binding potencies "in vitro" of several benzodiazepines and activities in SCR-habituation test is very satisfactory. As the SCR-habituation test might be considered as an elementary model of anxiety state, the test is suggested to be used as an intermediate psychopharmacological tool before clinical study. SCR-magnitude test exhibits no correlation of this kind proving that sedative activity is of a different mechanism.     

某院脑血管疾病患者30日内再入院影响因素分析

目的分析脑血管疾病患者30日内再入院影响因素,并针对性改进。方法采用描述性统计、卡方检验以及Logistic逐步回归分析法,探讨脑血管疾病患者30日内再入院的显著影响因素。结果脑卒中是30日内脑血管疾病复发再入院的最主要因素,占82.46%。年龄、性别、医保类型、是否手术、主诊断类型及有无并发症合并症是影响脑血管疾病30日内再入院的显著影响因素。其中,第一次入院主诊断为脑卒中及第一次入院合并高血压是影响脑血管疾病30日内再入院的两个危险因素。结论规范脑血管疾病临床路径,建立脑血管疾病早期预防筛查体系以及慢性病管理体系,可以降低脑血管疾病30日内再入院率。     

酶电导速率法测定血清尿素方法学评价

目的：评价酶电导速率法测定血清尿素的方法学性能,探讨其临床应用价值。方法：用NCCLS评价方案对该法测定的精密度、准确度、线性范围、干扰因素作系统的试验,并与酶偶联速率法作比较试验。结果：酶电导速率法测定血清尿素的线性范围为50mmol／L;低值和高值标本回收率分别为102．4％和101．3％,平均回收率101．9％;测定的批内CV、批间CV、日间CV和总CV,低值标本分别为1.72％、2．84％、3．25％和4．05％,高值标本分别为0．65％、1．20％、1．92％和2．35％;354μmol／L,胆红素、5．2g／L,血红蛋白、11．5mmol／L,甘油三酯对尿素测定均不产生干扰;酶电导速率法与酶偶联速率法测定的相关系数r=0．9988,无显著性差异。结论：酶电导速率法测定尿素的方法学性能可靠,选择性好、简便、快速、无干扰,可用于血清尿素的常规分析,值得推广应用。