酶法从全酯大豆中同时制备大豆油和大豆水解蛋白工艺的研究

研究了酶法从全脂大豆中同时制各大豆油和大豆水解蛋白的工艺，水提过程的最佳工艺条件为固液比１：１０，温度４４℃，ｐＨ７．７０和提取时间３６ｍｉｎ。含油大豆蛋白进行两次有控制的酶解，得到等电点可溶大豆水解蛋白（ＩＳＳＰＨ）和稳定性低的乳化油。确定了转相法破乳的工艺条件，从乳化油分离得到纯度较高的大豆油。水解蛋白和油的得率分别达到７４％和６６％。探讨了等电点或可溶大豆水解蛋白的功能性质及其在食品中的应用。     

骨制水解蛋白对人体铁代谢的影响

以原发性血小板减少紫癫为例，观察了机体出血时的铁代谢及其产生的继发性氧化损伤。为了尽快从血循环中除去出血时所释放的血红蛋白及其代谢产物等有害铁质以减少出血对机体的损伤，探讨了骨制水解蛋白对铁代谢的影响     

胎盘组织液联合鱼腥草注射液在鼻黏膜修复中的作用

目的观察（人）胎盘组织液与鱼腥草注射液联用在鼻窦（腔）术后黏膜修复中的作用。方法77例行功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术患者，术后随机分为（人）胎盘组织液及鱼腥草注射液（简称混合液）组（39例）及对照组（38例），两组手术方法相同，手术前及手术后处理相同。使用混合液组术后先用温生理盐水冲洗鼻腔（每日冲洗次），再用（人）胎盘组织液及鱼腥草注射液混合液滴鼻，每日3次，连续3个月。对照组每日用温生理盐水冲冼鼻腔1次。两组患者于冲洗1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12周内进行鼻内窥镜检查，记录术腔检查结果。结果混合液组术腔1～2周分泌物明显减少33例，对照组术后术腔分泌物明显减少19例，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）；混合液组术腔上皮化状况优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术后用（人）胎盘组织液与鱼腥草注射液混合液滴鼻能够促进术后鼻腔黏膜恢复的速度，提高临床治疗效果。     

蓝园鲹酶解物的营养成分分析

蓝园 ( Decapterus maruadsi)在我国沿海产量巨大 ,占捕获量的 7%以上。这种鱼属低值小杂鱼 ,直接食用价值较低 ,一般用于制成动物饲料 ,甚至直接丢弃 ,造成很大的资源浪费。为综合开发对其进行深加工利用 ,本研究用胰蛋白酶酶解蓝园 ,分析酶解产物的含氮量、氨基酸组成、肽含量和肽平均分子链长以及酶解物中的微量元素。旨在将其产品用于食品添加或用作功能性食品。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　材料、仪器设备　　取 6月捕获的新鲜蓝园 ,用自来水除去泥砂、杂物 ,洗净 ,碎肉机破碎 ;胰蛋白酶 ,活力 40× 1 0 4U/g,上海化学试剂分装…     

Inactivation of rat macrophages by peptides resulting from cleavage of IgG by shistosoma larvae proteases

We have previously reported that IgG molecules bound to the surface Fc receptors of S. mansoni schistosomula were hydrolyzed by parasite enzymes. In this paper, it is shown that the hydrolyzed peptides inhibit macrophage stimulation, assessed by β-glucuronidase release or glucosamine incorporation, and also reduce both phagocytosis of latex beads and IgE-mediated macrophage cytotoxicity against schistosomula.This original process might represent an efficient immunosuppressive mechanism of the parasite to escape the host response.     

Sweet and sour preferences during childhood: role of early experiences

We investigated the effects of early experience on sweet and sour preferences in children. Eighty-three children were divided into four groups based on the type of formula fed during infancy and age. By using a forced-choice, sip-and-swallow procedure, we determined the level of sweetness and sourness preferred in juice. Children who were fed protein hydrolysate formulas, which have a distinctive sour and bitter taste and unpleasant odor, preferred higher levels of citric acid in juice when compared to older children who were fed similar formulas. No such difference was observed between the groups for sweet preference. However, the level of sweetness preferred in juice was related to the sugar content of the child's favorite cereal and whether the mother routinely added sugar to their foods. These data illustrate the wide variety of experiential factors that can influence flavor preferences during childhood.     

Hypoallergenicity of an extensively hydrolyzed whey formula

Several different protein hydrolysate-based infant formulas have been promoted as hypoallergenic and considered suitable for the dietary management of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Accepting that none of the hydrolysate-based products is completely safe, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that these formulas should be tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled setting and tolerated by at least 90% of children with proven CMA. In principle, this recommendation is also endorsed by the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (ESPGAN) and the European Society of Paediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI). In this two-center study, 32 children with proven CMA were tested with the extensive hydrolysate whey formula Nutrilon Pepti, for comparison with Profylac (extensive) and Nan HA (partial) whey hydrolysate products. Skin-prick tests (SPTs) were, respectively, positive to the three hydrolysate formulas in 19%, 15%, and 32% of children. After oral challenge it was concluded that 97% (95% CI: 85–100%) of the children tolerated Nutrilon Pepti, 94% (95% CI: 75–100%) tolerated Profylac, and 64% (95% CI: 37–81%) tolerated Nan HA. This study demonstrates that the extensive hydrolysates Nutrilon Pepti and Profylac are well tolerated in a population of children with proven CMA and that both products can be considered safe for their intended use. This study confirms that a very small number of children react even to extensively hydrolyzed formulas. SPT prior to oral exposure to the hydrolysate-based formulas can indicate whether a child is at risk of showing reactions to the product. Introduction of new products to these children should be carried out under a doctor's supervision. However, the majority of the SPT-positive children did tolerate the two extensively hydrolyzed whey-based formulas tested.     

Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of a milk protein matrix in vitro and in vivo in women aged 50–70 years

Bovine milk proteins have emerged as a novel, dairy-based source of dietary antioxidants and a component of a nutritional strategy to maintain muscle mass during ageing. The aim of this study was to characterise the in vitro antioxidant capacity (AOC) of a milk-based protein matrix (MPM) before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) and determine whether plasma AOC was similarly modified in vivo following acute ingestion of the MPM in healthy 50–70 years old women. To achieve this, the AOC of the MPM was measured by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay prior to and following SGID. In parallel, plasma obtained from women prior to and for 3?h following ingestion of the MPM was analysed ex vivo for change in AOC to evaluate the translation in vivo. SGID of the MPM increased AOC by ～35% (27,365?±?2152 versus 42,592?±?2299?μmol TE/100?g dw; p?ex vivo, ingestion of the MPM increased fasting plasma AOC by ～23% (10,952?±?751 to 13,519?±?800?μmol TE/L; p?in vitro and the change in plasma AOC following ingestion of the MPM sampled ex vivo from healthy elderly women.     

Characterization of cod (Gadus morhua) frame composition and its valorization by enzymatic hydrolysis

This study aimed at evaluating proximate composition, phosphorous content, amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) profiles of cod (Gadus morhua) frame at five different sampling times (March 2017 to March 2018). Furthermore, the valorization possibility of cod frame by application of enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated using the samples from September 2017. In terms of protein content, this sample showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher level (16.5 %) compared to the other samples, whereas lipid and phosphorous contents varied in a narrow range of 0.9–1.1 % and 2.9–4.4 %, respectively, (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the total amino acids (AAs) content varied from about 98–155 mg/g in minced cod frame. Enzymatic hydrolysis of minced cod frame (MCF) and heated cod meat (HCM) was carried out by application of Alcalase and Neutrase, either individually or sequentially to obtain fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) and bone powder rich in phosphorus and calcium. The protein content of FPH varied from 76 % to 84 % and soluble-nitrogen in trichloroacetic acid (SN-TCA) index varied from 30.6 to 40.3%, resulting in similar trends for yield and nitrogen recovery. Considerable amounts of phosphorus and calcium (330 and 583 g/kg, respectively) were recovered from the cod frame bones after enzymatic hydrolysis. This study showed that it is possible to produce bone powder rich in phosphorous and calcium as well as peptides from the cod frame. Thus, the cod frame side-stream can be converted from its current use as mink feed ingredient into higher value products for human consumption, without generating new waste products.     

The immunopotentiating effects of shark-derived protein hydrolysate

ObjectivePeptides derived from natural sources can act as immunomodulating agents and prevent infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunopotentiating and protective effects of a shark-derived protein hydrolysate (SPH) against an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli H10407 infection in a murine model.MethodsMice were fed an aqueous solution of SPH for 7 days before being inoculated with an experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli H10407 infection. After euthanasia, small intestines were removed for histological study and the number of IgA and IgG producing cells was determined by direct immunofluorescence. Cytokines were measured in the serum and the intestinal fluid.ResultsThe oral administration of SPH enhanced the gut barrier function via up-regulation of immunoglobulin A-producing cells and intestinal cytokines production, including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The increase of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10 contribute to the down-regulation of uncontrolled-inflammatory reaction induced by E. coli infection. From these results, the anti-inflammatory properties of SPH may be caused by regulation and priming mechanisms of the immune system.ConclusionEnzymatic protein degradation confers immunomodulating and protective potentials to shark proteins and the resulted peptides could be used as an alternative therapy to reduce the risk of bacterial infections and inflammatory-related diseases.