脑蛋白水解物组份测定及对小鼠缺氧和东莨菪碱所致记忆障碍的影响

目的：研究脑蛋白水解物的组份测定及小鼠缺氧和记忆障碍的疗效。方法：用氨基酸分析仪，高效液相色谱仪，ＳＤＳ凝胶电泳和琥珀酸脱氢酶法测定脑蛋白水解物的组成与活性。用常压耐缺氧实验和记忆获得障碍法测定蛋白水解物的疗效。结果：脑蛋白水解物的氨基酸与小分子肽的比例分别为８０％与２０％左右，脑蛋白水解物能增强脑细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶活性并对动物缺氧及记忆再现障碍有明显的改善作用。结论：脑蛋白水解物富含人脑必须氨基酸及小分子肽，能改善脑细胞功能活性。     

利用稻谷壳水解液培养单细胞蛋白

以树状假丝酵母１．２５７为菌种，稻谷壳酸水解液为碳源，氨水中和水解液产物为氮源，在摇瓶条件下和１０Ｌ气升式发酵罐上进行发酵工艺条件的研究。结果表明，该菌种在初糖质量浓度２．５ｇ／ｄＬ，碳氮比３∶１，ｐＨ４．５～５．０的培养基中培养４８ｈ可获得较高的菌体蛋白量，在１０Ｌ发酵罐中试验，菌体干重为１２．６ｍｇ／ｍＬ，蛋白质含量为６２．８％，总糖利用率为８５．７％。     

In vitro study on digestion of pumpkin oil cake protein hydrolysate: Evaluation of impact on bioactive properties

In this work, a simulated gastrointestinal digestion of pumpkin oil cake protein hydrolysate prepared by alcalase (AH) was studied to evaluate the impact of the main gastrointestinal proteases on its antiradical and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The in vitro digestion was performed in a model system under optimized reaction conditions, first by pepsin and then with α-chymotrypsin and trypsin, simultaneously. The treatment with the gastrointestinal proteases led to a significant increase of the degree of hydrolysis, up to 55.95 ± 3.1% in the final digest. After the digestion, the 2,2-azinobis3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical cation activity of AH was increased from 7.59 ± 0.1 to 10.25 ± 0.3 mM trolox equivalent antioxidant coefficient/mg (p < 0.05), while the ACE inhibitory activity was not affected, being 74.29 ± 1.25% (IC₅₀ = 0.404 ± 0.014 mg/ml) (p>0.05) in the final digest. These results showed an advantage of AH to increase the antiradical and resist ACE inhibitory activity during digestion by main gastrointestinal proteases, appearing as promising bioactive food ingredient.     

Evaluation of the prebiotic effects of citrus pectin hydrolysate

Citrus pectin enzyme hydrolysate (PEH) of different hydrolysis time intervals (6 hours, PEH-6; 12 hours, PEH-12; 24 hours, PEH-24; or 48 hours, PEH-48) or concentrations (1%, 2%, and 4%) was tested for its growth stimulation effect on two probiotics, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Higher monosaccharide concentrations and smaller molecular weights of PEHs were obtained by prolonging the hydrolysis time. In addition, higher PEH concentrations resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) probiotic populations, pH reduction, and increase in total titratable acidity than the glucose-free MRS negative control. Furthermore, significantly higher populations in the low pH environment and longer survival time in nonfat milk (p < 0.05) were observed when the two probiotics were incubated in media supplemented with 2% PEH-24, than in glucose and the negative control. In comparison with other prebiotics, addition of 2% PEH-24 resulted in a more significant increase in the probiotic population (p < 0.05) than in the commercial prebiotics. This study demonstrated that PEH derived from citrus pectin could be an effective prebiotic to enhance the growth, fermentation, acid tolerance, and survival in nonfat milk for the tested probiotics.     

Anxiolytic-like effects and safety profile of a tryptic hydrolysate from bovine alpha s1-casein in rats

The anxiolytic activity and adverse benzodiazepine-like effects of a bovine alpha s1-casein tryptic hydrolysate (CH) were evaluated. The effects of CH orally administered at doses of 5 and 15 mg/kg were compared with those of diazepam (DZ) at 3 mg/kg in the conditioned defensive burying test. Rats treated either with CH at 15 mg/kg or with DZ showed a decrease in anxiety. A drug-related difference was observed in terms of duration, as the anxiolytic-like action of CH was maintained after 7 days with twice-daily administration, whereas that of DZ was not. CH and DZ were then evaluated for their potential effects on memory in a passive avoidance paradigm. CH-treated rats had significantly longer latencies before entering the dark compartment where they were previously delivered a shock, indicating better retention relative to DZ-treated rats. In the final test, CH and DZ were evaluated for place preference, an index of the possible addictive potential of these substances. DZ-treated rats spent more time in the compartment associated with drug exposure than control rats. This effect was not found in CH-treated rats. Thus, CH did not display side effects associated with DZ, despite its affinity for gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA_A) receptors. Specific linking of CH on GABA_A receptor function involved in anxiolysis, but not on that implied in memory-impairing effects, may be hypothesized to explain its specific activity. This profile might render it advantageous for nutritional purposes.     

Effects of fish protein hydrolysate on growth performance and humoral immune response in large yellow croaker （Pseudosciaena crocea R.）

We investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate （FPH） on growth performance and humoral immune response of the large yellow croaker （Pseudosciaena crocea R.）. One thousand and two hundred large yellow croakers [initial average weight： （162.75±23.85） g] were divided into four groups and reared in floating sea cages （3 m×3 m×3 m）. The animals were fed with 4 diets： basal diet only （control） or diets supplemented with 5%, 10% and 15% （w/w） FPH. The results show that dietary FPH levels significantly influenced the growth and immunity of the large yellow croaker. Compared with the control group, total weight gain （TWG） in all treatment groups, relative weight gain （RWG） and specific growth rate （SGR） in fish fed with diets supplemented with 10% and 15% FPH were significantly increased （P〈0.05）. Similar results were observed in immune parameters [lysozyme activity, serum complements, immunoglobulin M （IgM）]. Lysozyme activity, complement C4 and IgM were also significantly increased （P〈0.05） in fish fed with diets supplemented with 10% and 15% FPH, while complement C3 level was significantly increased （P〈0.05） in all treatment groups. In general, with the supplementation of FPH, particularly at dose of 10%, the growth performance and immunity of the large yellow croaker can be improved effectively.     

普洛迪治疗血管性痴呆的疗效观察

目的观察普洛迪治疗血管性痴呆(VaD)的临床效果。方法将入选的54例VaD患者随机分为普洛迪组(30例)和对照组(24例)。普洛迪组患者采用普洛迪10ml静脉滴注,对照组患者采用丹参16ml静脉滴注,均1次/d,共用28d。两组患者均在治疗前及治疗后28d、3个月时用简易智力状态检查(MMSE)量表、日常生活能力(ADL)量表及脑卒中患者迟发性神经元死亡(DND)量表进行评分,比较两组的评分结果。结果治疗前两组患者的MMSE总分、ADL评分及DND评分间差别均无显著性意义(P>0·05);治疗后28d、3个月时两组患者以上各量表评分间差别均有显著性意义(P<0·05)。结论普洛迪能改善轻中度VaD患者的认知功能,提高患者生活质量。     

Isolation and characterization of surface antigens from Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula

Surface antigens of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula were isolated using antibodies produced in rat and human schistosomiasis. Three immunoreactive surface proteins of 40 000, 37 000 and 32 000 daltons were identified by SDS—PAGE analysis of immune complexes formed by incubation of a detergent extract of surface labelled schistosomula with infected rat sera. Surface antigens of similar molecular weight were also isolated when using sera of patients with schistosomiasis. Binding of schistosomula surface antigens to specific antibodies was substantially inhibited by components released by adult worms. The results suggest that these schistosomula surface antigens could be involved in the immune response against challenge infection but their protective role in immunity still remains to be determined.