神经内镜下治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的效果研究

目的探讨传统开颅手术与神经内镜手术在治疗基底节区高血压脑出血(HICH)患者中的疗效与安全性,为其临床治疗提供一定依据。方法 86例基底节区HICH患者,根据手术方式不同将患者分为神经内镜组(40例)和开颅手术组(46例),开颅手术组采用开颅血肿清除手术治疗,神经内镜组采用神经内镜微创血肿清除手术治疗,对比两组基底节区HICH患者皮肤切口大小、骨窗大小、皮层切口大小、手术时间、术中出血量、血肿清除率、术后并发症、近期与远期疗效和病死率。结果神经内镜组患者的皮肤切口大小、骨窗大小、皮层切口大小、手术时间、术中出血量均明显低于开颅手术组(P 0.01);两组患者血肿清除率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);神经内镜组患者术后并发症发生率为10.0%,明显低于开颅手术组的28.3%(P 0.05);神经内镜组患者近期疗效良好率为90.0%明显高于开颅手术组的60.9%(P 0.01);神经内镜组患者远期疗效良好率为92.5%明显高于开颅手术组的63.0%(P 0.01);开颅手术组患者死亡3例,病死率6.5%;神经内镜组患者死亡2例,病死率5.0%;两组患者病死率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论神经内镜手术治疗基底节区HICH可以减小手术创伤,缩短手术时间,降低出血量,提升近期与远期疗效,降低并发症发生率。     

显微手术结合经外侧裂-岛叶入路治疗高血压基底节脑出血的临床疗效

正高血压基底节脑出血是最常见的脑出血疾病之一,其致死率和致残率均占所有脑血管疾病的首位。脑出血后早期外科手术清除基底节血肿不仅可以减轻血肿压迫导致的颅高压和脑水肿,还可以减少血肿吸收过程中释放出的各种毒性介质造成的间接伤害,从而提高治疗效果~([1-2])。高血压基底节脑出血的手术方式较多,其中显微外科手术可有效清除血肿,尽早消除颅内血肿导致的直接和间接神经功能损伤,从而改善患者预后。我科近年来采用     

康复护理路径应用在脑卒中患者吞咽障碍中的临床研究

目的 探讨康复护理路径(RCNP)应用在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者中的效果。方法 选取2014年5月~2017年6月在上海市松江区泗泾医院神经内科实施RCNP护理的脑卒中吞咽障碍患者600例作为观察组,选取2014年5月~2017年6月在我院接受常规护理的脑卒中吞咽障碍患者600例作为对照组。统计两组患者护理后洼田吞咽能力评分、口腔期评分、咽期评分、护理效果、住院天数、住院费用、健康知识知晓率、满意度。结果 观察组口腔期评分、咽期评分、洼田吞咽能力评分分别为(2.6±0.6)、(2.5±0.5)分、(4.3±1.1),对照组为(1.8±0.5)、(1.9±0.5)、(3.5±0.7)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.01);观察组总有效率为90.0%(540/600),对照组总有效率为73.0%(438/600),差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);观察组住院费用、住院天数均明显少于对照组(Ｐ＜0.01);观察组患者满意度(98.67％)和健康知晓率(96.5％)均高于对照组(71.0％,73.67％,Ｐ＜0.01)。结论 RCNP的应用,明显改善吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能,降低住院费用及住院天数,提高患者的生活质量,减轻患者的经济和心理负担。值得推广应用。     

Rivaroxaban reversal with prothrombin complex concentrate or tranexamic acid in healthy volunteers

Essentials

• Specific reversal agents for managing severe factor Xa inhibitor‐associated bleeding are lacking.
• We assessed 4‐factor‐prothrombin complex concentrate (4F‐PCC) and tranexamic acid (TXA).
• 4F‐PCC, but not TXA, reduced the prothrombin time and increased endogenous thrombin potential.
• These agents may be viable options for reversal of therapeutic doses of rivaroxaban.

Summary

Background

Oral activated factor X inhibitors such as rivaroxaban are widely used, but specific reversal agents are lacking. Although four‐factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F‐PCC) and tranexamic acid (TXA) are sometimes used to manage serious bleeding, their efficacy is unknown. Prior studies in healthy subjects taking rivaroxaban revealed that 4F‐PCC partially reverses the prolonged prothrombin time (PT), and fully restores the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). The effect of TXA has not been evaluated.

Methods

In this double‐blind, parallel‐group study, 147 healthy volunteers given rivaroxaban 20 mg twice daily for 3 days were randomized after their morning dose on day 4 to receive intravenous 4F‐PCC (50 IU kg^?1), TXA (1.0 g), or saline. Standardized punch biopsies were performed at baseline and after 4F‐PCC, TXA or saline administration. Reversal was assessed by measuring bleeding duration and bleeding volume at biopsy sites, and by determining the PT and ETP.

Results

As compared with saline, 4F‐PCC partially reversed the PT and completely reversed the ETP, whereas TXA had no effect. Neither 4F‐PCC nor TXA reduced bleeding duration or volume. All treatments were well tolerated, with no recorded adverse events.

Conclusions

Although 4F‐PCC reduced the PT and increased the ETP in volunteers given supratherapeutic doses of rivaroxaban, neither 4F‐PCC nor TXA influenced punch biopsy bleeding.

     

The influence of thyroid function on the coagulation system and its clinical consequences

Summary

Several studies indicate that low plasma levels of thyroid hormone shift the hemostatic system towards a hypocoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic state, whereas high levels of thyroid hormone lead to more coagulation and less fibrinolysis. Low levels of thyroid hormone thereby seem to lead to an increased bleeding risk, whereas high levels, by contrast, increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. Hypothyroidism leads to a higher incidence of acquired von Willebrand's syndrome and with increasing levels of free thyroxine, levels of fibrinogen, factor VIII and von Willebrand factor, amongst others, increase gradually, to the extent that they may lead to symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients with hyperthyroidism. Here, we discuss the literature on the effect of thyroid hormone on the hemostatic system and the associated risk of bleeding and venous thromboembolism. Patients with hypothyroidism are at increased risk of developing bleeding complications, which could be relevant in patients undergoing invasive procedures. Furthermore, physicians should be aware of the possibility of hyperthyroidism as an underlying risk factor for venous thromboembolism, especially in unexplained cases. Clinical studies are needed to further investigate the significance for general practice of these findings. Besides the effects of hyperthyroidism on venous thromboembolism, its effects on embolism secondary to atrial fibrillation are described.

     

外周血血红蛋白、血小板计数、血浆纤维蛋白原及D-二聚体检测预测孕晚期产妇产后出血的价值分析

目的:探讨孕晚期纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体(D-D)、血小板(PLT)计数、血红蛋白(Hb)检测对产后出血的预测价值.方法:选择37例产后出血产妇为产后出血组(包括严重产后出血11例);选择40例正常产妇为对照组.比较两组产妇孕晚期Fib、D-D、PLT及Hb水平.结果:产后出血组D-D水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组Fib、PLT及Hb水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).普通产后出血产妇Fib、PLT及Hb水平显著高于严重产后出血产妇,D-D水平显著低于严重产后出血产妇(P＜0.05).Fib及D-D对产后出血具有一定预测价值.Fib水平越高,发生产后出血的几率越低(P＜0.05);D-D水平越高,发生产后出血的几率越高(P＜0.05).PLT及Hb对产后出血无预测价值(P＞0.05).结论:检测孕晚期Fib及D-D水平对产后出血具有一定预测价值.     

Application of retrievable Solitaire AB stents in the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke

Purpose: Retrievable stents are widely used in acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, the results remain unclear in Chinese patients. This study aimed to explore the usefulness of Solitaire AB stents in AIS.Materials and Methods: Seventy-three AIS patients treated with Solitaire AB stents for thrombectomy of large artery occlusion of anterior circulation in January 2014-June 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Recanalization was assessed with the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) scale. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Operation-related complications were recorded. The main factors affecting successful recanalization with Solitaire AB were analyzed.Results: The 73 patients enrolled included 39 males and 34 females (median age of 59 [31-78] years); 77 Solitaire AB stents were used. The initial recanalization rate with Solitaire AB as the first thrombectomy method was 53.42% (39/73; recanalization group). Among the 34 patients with failed stent retrieval, 32 underwent other treatments; the final arterial recanalization rate was 89.04% (65/73). Perioperative embolization events and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) occurred in 5 and 8 patients, respectively. The mean NIHSS score was 9.12±3.86 one week after thrombectomy, significantly lower compared with admission values. In 31 patients (42.47%), NIHSS score decreased by >8. Good functional independence (mRS score≤2) was achieved in 39 patients (53.42%) at 90 days; 12 patients (16.44%) died. Compared with the recanalization group, the remaining patients showed lower AF and higher LAA percentages.Conclusion: Solitaire AB stents are useful in the endovascular treatment of AIS.     

脐静脉推注缩宫素联合舌下含化卡孕栓对剖宫产产后出血的疗效观察

目的探讨缩宫素联合卡孕栓对剖宫产产后出血的疗效。方法将剖宫产的180例产妇随机分为两组。观察组104例在胎儿娩出后脐静脉给缩宫素20 U,同时产妇含舌下化卡孕栓1 mg;对照组76例在胎儿娩出后均子宫体注射缩宫素10 U,同时产妇舌下含化卡孕栓1 mg。比较不同时段剖宫产产后出血量,所获数据采用方差分析、t检验和X2检验。结果子宫收缩效果、止血效果、术中、术后及总出血量比较P均<0.005。结论剖宫产术中脐静脉推注缩宫素联合舌下含化卡孕栓,预防剖宫产术后出血效果显著。     

Long‐term persistent fetomaternal hemorrhage

It is not clear that how long the affected fetuses can tolerate fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). Incidental serial measurements of the fetal peak systolic velocity of the middle cerebral artery and the retrospective analysis of stocked blood available incidentally indicated that our patient had suffered from FMH for at least 2 weeks prior to delivery.