Cavernous hemangioma of the external ear canal

OBJECTIVE: To document the occurrence of a cavernous hemangioma of the external ear canal and to review the relevant literature.STUDY DESIGN Case report and literature review. METHODS: Review of a patient chart, imaging studies, operative report, and histologic findings. RESULTS: A cavernous hemangioma of the external ear canal not involving the tympanic membrane was surgically excised without complication. This is the third documented cavernous hemangioma of the external ear canal without tympanic membrane involvement in the English literature. Computed tomography scan is invaluable to narrow the differential diagnosis. Complete removal is curative. CONCLUSIONS: Cavernous hemangioma of the external ear canal with or without tympanic membrane involvement is a rare otologic entity amenable to surgical treatment. Temporal bone computed tomography scan imaging is an important preoperative diagnostic tool.     

MRI findings in the patients with the presumptive clinical diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome

The aim of this study was to present our experience in MRI diagnosis of 23 patients with the clinical findings suggesting Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS). Cranial MRI studies of the patients with a clinical history of at least one episode of unilateral or bilateral orbital and periorbital pain, and associated paresis of one or more of third to sixth cranial nerves, were performed on a 1.5-T MRI scanner. Whereas 5 patients had the diagnosis of THS, paracavernous meningiomas in 4 patients, pituitary macroadenomas with cavernous sinus infiltration in 3 patients, Meckel's cave neurinoma in 1 patient, and suprasellar epidermoid in 1 patient were surgically proven MRI findings. Other pathological MRI findings were leptomeningeal metastases in 3 patients, granulomatous pachymeningitis sequelae in 2 patients, and aneurysm with compression on cavernous sinus in 1 patient. Three patients had normal MRI findings. The incidence of radiologically proven diagnosis of THS among the patients with the clinical findings suggesting THS seemed to be low in our study. In conclusion, MRI is the most valuable imaging technique to distinguish THS from other THS-like entities, and permits a precise assessment, management, and therapeutic planning of the underlying pathological conditions. Electronic Publication     

Progesterone receptor expression in orbital cavernous hemangiomas

Orbital cavernous hemangiomas (OCH) have thick and highly cellular vascular walls. Ultrastructural studies have demonstrated the smooth muscle nature of these cells. Vascular neoplasms can modify their morphological and clinical features under hormonal stimulation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of smooth muscle markers and sex steroid receptors in 12 cases of OCH. Orbital cases were compared with cutaneous hemangiomas and subcutaneous angioleiomyomas. Smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin were localized in spindle cells of the vascular walls of all 12 cases studied. OCH showed immunohistochemical positivity with progesterone receptor (PR) antibody both in smooth muscular and in endothelial cells. For comparison, sex steroid receptors were studied in 10 cases of cutaneous cavernous hemangioma and in 10 cases of subcutaneous angioleiomyoma. PR was found in smooth muscle and endothelial cells of 6 out of 10 cases of subcutaneous angioleiomyoma and in none of the cases of cutaneous cavernous hemangioma. No positivity was obtained with estrogen receptor (ER) antibody in any of the cases tested. The present data suggest that OCH share morphological and immunohistochemical features with subcutaneous angioleiomyomas. Furthermore, immunohistochemical positivity with PR antibody indicates that OCH have to be added to the list of mesenchymal lesions that express sex steroid receptors. Received: 15 July 1999 / Accepted: 14 September 1999     

Diagnostics and surgical treatment strategy for rectal cavernous hemangiomas based on three case examples

A 20-year-old man with a congenital vascular malformation extending from the anal canal into the distal sigmoid had had recurrent perianal blood loss as a neonate. A hemangioma was diagnosed for the first time in 1978. The patient received regular and frequent gastroenterological treatment until admission. Decisive for the indication for surgery was the patient’s need for blood infusions and shorter bleeding intervals in June 1998. Surgical therapy consisted of deep anterior rectosigmoid resection with coloanal pouch anastomosis. In a second case of a 27-year-old woman a sigmoid hemangioma was diagnosed in conjunction with emergency sigmoid resectioning. Because of recurrent hemorrhages a coloanal pouch was also established here in a second step. The third case involved a 19-year-old woman with a 12-year history of repeated perianal hemorrhages. After sigmoid discontinuity resection we carried out proctectomy with descendostoma creation due to renewed severe intractable perianal bleeding. The histological examination revealed a rectal hemangioma that had caused the repeated perianal hemorrhages. Surgical reconstruction was then achieved by coloanal pouch anastomosis. In view of the good functional and perioperative results, current surgical therapy should aim at preserving continuity and continence by coloanal pouch anastomosis. Accepted: 12 November 1999     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的影像特点

目的 探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤(CSCH)的影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的CSCH的影像表现,其中男3例,女14例,平均47.4岁;均行MRI平扫及增强检查;8例行CT检查,其中3例加做CT增强扫描.结果 17例CSCH的影像表现如下:(1)常见于中年女性,呈"哑铃形"或"葫芦状",边缘清晰,有占位效应,很少出现瘤周水肿、瘤内出血及钙化.(2)T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,信号均匀,增强后明显强化;T2WI高信号及出现延迟强化效应为其特征.(3)CT表现为高密度,明显强化.可有临近骨质的压迫性吸收,无骨质增生.(4)DSA显示血管正常或出现静脉期染色.结论 CSCH有比较典型的影像表现特点,结合临床病史,有助于术前诊断.     

经导管动脉栓塞联合外科手术治疗肝血管瘤40例临床分析

目的比较外科手术与经导管动脉栓塞法（TAE）治疗肝血管瘤患者的疗效和术后并发症,探讨肝血管瘤治疗方法的合理选择.方法 40例肝血管瘤（CHL）患者随机分为介入组与介入加手术组（综合组）,介入组20例,行TACE 1～5次,平均3.5次;综合组20例,先行TACE 1～4次,平均3.1次,2～4周后行手术治疗.结果综合组与介入组1 a、2 a生存率分别为90%、76%和78.6%、40%,两组生存率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 CHL疗效介入加手术治疗优于单纯行TACE治疗,能有效提高生存期,不良反应轻微,是治疗中晚期肝癌的有效方法之一.     

平阳霉素碘油乳剂治疗肝血管瘤的临床应用价值

目的　评价和探讨平阳霉素碘油乳剂 (PLE)治疗肝血管瘤的临床应用和疗效。方法　治疗肝血管瘤 12例 ,瘤体最小 3 .3cm× 3 .0cm ,最大 12 .0cm× 13 .0cm ,采用Seldinger技术股动脉插管 ,将导管超选择至肿瘤供血动脉插管后 ,注入平阳霉素碘油乳剂 ,并用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞供血动脉。术后定期复查。结果　介入治疗栓塞后碘油沉积良好 ,所有瘤体均有不同程度缩小 ,术后无严重并发症发生。结论　平阳霉素碘油乳剂治疗肝血管瘤安全、有效 ,并发症少 ,可成为治疗肝血管瘤的重要手段。     

脑内海绵状血管瘤的MRI和CT诊断

目的分析脑内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI影像学特点。方法回顾性分析68例CT和MRI表现,并比较CT和MRI优缺点。结果海绵状血管瘤位于幕上55例,幕下脑干4例,小脑9例。68例病灶有出血54例,钙化17例。MRI检查。T1加权像病灶显示为短T1高信号,周边为轻度低信号影;T2加权像病灶中央呈高、低混杂信号影,周边为极低黑色信号环。增强有轻度强化或无强化。CT平扫为斑片状不规则形高密度区。增强后有轻度强化或无强化。结论应用MRI诊断脑内海绵状血管瘤,其敏感性高,特异性强。对脑内海绵状血管瘤的显示MRI明显优于CT。     

海绵窦区肿瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的探讨海绵窦区肿瘤的显微外科手术入路方式。方法采用显微外科手术治疗海绵窦区肿瘤31例,其中海绵窦本身的肿瘤11例,毗邻侵及海绵窦的肿瘤20例;侵袭性垂体腺瘤11例,脑膜瘤15例,神经纤维瘤5侧。结果31例海绵窦区肿瘤采用显微外科手术治疗,次全切10例,效果良好,无死亡;主要并发症是颅神经损伤,有6例症状加重,5例出现新的损伤。结论海绵窦区手术是神经外科的难题,合适的手术入路扣良好的显微手术技能是手术成功的关键。     

三维动态增强MR血管成像对门静脉海绵样变性的诊断

目的分析门静脉海绵样变性（CTPV）在三维动态增强磁共振血管成像（3D—DCEMRA）上的表现和特征,并评价其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析了经临床及DSA检查证实的11例门静脉海绵样变性的3D—DCEMRA的特征性表现。结果本组11例CTPV中,门静脉主干闭塞见于6例,门静脉主干及左右支均受累者3例,单纯左支或右支闭塞2例。9例3D—DCEMRA清楚地显示了数条迂曲的侧支循环静脉跨过阻塞部位向肝内匐形延伸,其中7例可在网状扩张的门静脉腔内显示细条状、小点状低信号血栓影,6例清楚地显示门静脉全程多条细小迂曲的侧支循环静脉缠绕在一起,扭曲成网状的血管结构。结论3D—DCEMRA能准确地提供CTPV的位置、严重程度等信息,可直观地评价本病,为临床采取正确的治疗措施提供可靠依据。