Limited positive predictive value of diffusion tensor tractography in determining clinically relevant white matter damage in brain stem cavernous malformations: A retrospective study in a single center surgical cohort

PurposeDiffusion tensor tractography (DTT) might reflect the postoperative clinical outcome of the patients with brain stem (BS) tumors correlating well with the neurological symptoms, but cavernous malformation (CM) is a hemorrhagic tumor prone to artifacts that may limit DTT. We set out to determine the correlation of DTT findings with the neurological examination before and after surgical resection in patients with BSCMs.Materials and methodsDTT findings were evaluated bilaterally for fiber tract displacement or deviation, deformation and interruption in every patient before and after the surgery. Neurological examination was performed at admission, discharge and outpatient follow-up visit. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of DTT were calculated both pre- and post-operatively.ResultsThere were 25 patients (9 men 16 women) with a mean age of 39.5 ± 13.9 years. The mean size of the CMs was 6909 ± 8374 mm³ (range: 180–38,220 mm³) The mean follow-up time was 42.7 ± 23.2 months (range: 8 to 112 months). Preoperatively, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of DTT for corticospinal tracts (CST) and medial lemnisci (ML) were 100%, 60%, 38.4%, 100% and 87.5%, 11.7%, 31.8%, 66.6%, respectively. Postoperatively, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of DTT for CSTs and ML were 100%, 64.7%, 40%, 100% and 100%, 0%, 33.3%, 66.6%, respectively.ConclusionPositive findings on DTT such as fiber tract deviation, deformation, disruption or interruption should be taken cautiously before drawing conclusions of a clinically relevant damage of white matter tracts.     

经静脉途径应用Eval胶联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的 探讨经静脉入路应用Eval胶联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘（CS-DAVF）的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年10月收治的17例CS-DAVF的临床资料。所有病人均经静脉入路应用Eval胶联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗。结果 术后即刻DSA显示,17例CS-DAVF均完全栓塞。术后早期出现治疗相关并发症5 例（29.41%）,其中头痛2例,动眼神经麻痹2例,外展神经麻痹1 例。术后随访3~24个月,平均7.3个月;改良Rankin量表评分0分16 例,1分1例（遗留动眼神经麻痹）。结论 经静脉入路使用Eval胶联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗CS-DAVF,效果良好,治愈率高,并发症少。     

神经内镜辅助下海绵窦穿刺血管内栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨无静脉通路的海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的治疗方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析神经内镜辅助下海绵窦穿刺血管内栓塞治疗的1例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床资料,并结合文献进行分析。结果 术后即刻造影显示瘘口栓塞完全,无异常显影。术后2个月门诊随访,双眼球结膜无充血,无突眼症状,视力、视野及眼球运动均正常,无颅内杂音,无头晕头痛等表现。结论 神经内镜辅助下经蝶窦穿刺海绵窦是治疗经典入路失败的海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的一种可行的选择。     

覆膜支架在颈内动脉海绵窦段病变治疗中的应用

目的 评价应用覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉海绵窦段病变的价值.方法 采用覆膜支架治疗11例颈内动脉海绵窦段病变,其中颈内动脉海绵窦瘘5例,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤6例,术后1年行全脑血管造影随访和临床随访.结果 11例患者中,成功应用覆膜支架治疗9例,成功置入覆膜支架的9例患者,术后即刻血管造影显示病变完全消失,临床症状逐渐好转,无手术相关并发症,术后1年行全脑血管造影复查8例,结果显示病变消失,责任动脉均保持通畅.结论 覆膜支架在处理颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤或颈内动脉海绵窦瘘方面,有治疗成功率高,疗效好,并发症少,复发率低等特点,值得推广.     

脑干海绵状血管瘤治疗的研究进展

脑干海绵状血管瘤(brain stem caverous malformation,BSCM)是一种特殊类型的海绵状血管瘤(cavernous malformation,CM).与幕上病灶相比,BSCM具有更明显的出血倾向,引起的临床症状也更严重,手术切除是根治BSCM的唯一方法.近年来,随着神经影像学的进步,神经导航、神经电生理监测的应用以及显微神经外科技术的提高,BSCM的手术效果明显提高.笔者结合自己的临床经验,对BSCM的发病特点、临床治疗和预后等做一综述. 一、发病特点 BSCM的发病率占颅内CM的9％～35％,可发生于任何年龄,多见于20～50岁患者,中脑、桥脑及延髓均可被累及,其中桥脑最多见[1].临床上桥脑病例约占65％以上.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中合并门静脉海绵样变性的处理体会(附10例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术中合并门静脉海绵样变性(cavernous transfor-mation of the portal vein,CTPV)的处理方法。方法:回顾分析2009年7月至2012年6月为10例胆囊良性疾病合并CTPV患者行LC的临床资料。9例患者于术前经彩色多谱勒超声、CT及DSA检查明确合并CTPV;1例患者术中发生大量出血,中转开腹证实合并CTPV并门静脉右支纵行劈裂损伤。结果:7例患者顺利完成手术,3例中转开腹。手术时间45～130 min,平均(60±15)min;术中出血量5～100 ml,平均(65±25)ml。术后1例发生毛细胆管漏,余者均无胆漏、出血等并发症发生。患者均顺利出院,术后平均住院(3.2±1.0)d。结论:术前明确诊断,术中仔细辨别变性迂曲血管,必要时行预防性缝扎止血,解剖困难时及时中转开腹,为合并门静脉海绵样变性的患者行LC是可行的。     

No more fear of the cavernous sinuses!

After a review of the anatomy of the cavernous sinuses (CS), this work presents the clinical picture and imaging protocol of lesions which occur in this area. It outlines extension and imaging features of these lesions. It emphasises MRI appearance, such as T1, T2 and diffusion signal, type of contrast medium uptake. A complementary CT scan is performed if an associated abnormality of the base of the skull is suspected on MRI (lysis, condensation). This paper proposes a straightforward classification system depending on imaging and sets out the principal symptoms of the main aetiologies of CS lesions which are represented by various diseases such as tumours, inflammations, vascular abnormalities. Complementary to imaging, their diagnosis is based on clinical data i.e. known cancer, signs suggesting inflammation. Its rich iconography allows this article to be used as a reference in current clinical practice.