烟雾病的临床和影像学特点分析

目的分析烟雾病的临床和影像学特点。方法总结45例烟雾病患者临床和影像学特点,其中17例经磁共振成像血管造影（MRA）确诊,26例经数字减影血管造影（DSA）确诊,2例经CT血管造影（CTA）确诊。结果本组患者中年龄最小6岁,最大58岁,≤15岁年龄组发病8例,〉15岁年龄组发病37例。发病年龄高峰在40岁左右。本组中19例为脑梗死,均是多发性脑梗死,26例为出血性脑卒中,表现为脑室出血10例,基底节区出血9例,脑叶出血5例,SAH2例。结论烟雾病在成年发病多于儿童和青少年。出血性脑卒中以脑室和基底节区出血多见,脑梗死常表现为多发性脑梗死。MRA、DSA和CTA均能明确脑血管病变的部位和性质,CT和MRI可见脑卒中病变部位呈多发性特点。     

数字减影血管造影对脑梗死患者颈部血管的诊断价值研究

目的:分析数字减影血管造影(DSA)对脑梗死患者颈部血管的诊断价值。方法:选取医院收治的30例行DSA诊断和介入手术治疗的脑梗死患者,所有患者均行CT血管造影(CTA)和磁共振血管造影(MRA)检查,分别比较DSA、CTA及MRA对颈部血管的诊断情况。结果:DSA对脑梗死患者颈部血管狭窄程度的检出率明显高于CTA检查,其差异有统计学意义(x^2=4.71,P<0.05)。DSA对脑梗死患者颈部血管狭窄程度的检出率高于MRA检查,其差异有统计学意义(x^2=8.44,P<0.05)。患者术后颈部血管狭窄率较术前明显下降,其差异有统计学意义(x^2=8.06,P<0.01),神经功能症状明显改善。随访3~24个月,患者均无颈部血管狭窄的发生,其中短暂性脑缺血发作2例,心肌梗死1例,发生新的梗死灶4例,死亡1例。结论:DSA对脑梗死患者颈部血管狭窄程度的检出率高于CTA及MRA检查,对术前诊断脑梗死患者颈部血管狭窄程度具有重要的评估价值;且经介入手术治疗后具有良好的临床疗效,可有效降低颈部血管狭窄率,减轻患者的神经功能症状。     

不同管电压及噪声指数在双下肢CTA中的应用

目的 研究应用不同的管电压和图像噪声指数并且保证图像质量来降低患者所受的辐射剂量在双下肢CTA中的应用。方法 70例行双下肢CTA血管成像的患者,根据不同身体质量指数分成了两组,分别是对照组以及观察组,管电压分别为100 kV、80 kV,噪声指数分别为15、20。使用GE Light Speed64 VCT机,采用自动管电流调节技术。计算两组患者所受辐射剂量。统计学根据计量资料以（x±s）实行标识,利用t检验方法,根据P < 0.05为差异存在一定的统计学意义。结果 观察组剂量长度乘积（DLP）和有效剂量（ED）均较对照组降低53%,两组间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 根据患者BMI数值,降低管电压和合适的范围之内增加噪声指数,在保证图像质量的前提下,能够更好的减轻病人所受到的辐射剂量。     

Intranasal vaccination with ebola virus GP amino acids 258–601 protects mice against lethal challenge

Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) leads to lethal hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate as high as 90%, thus posing a serious global public health concern. However, while several vaccines based on the EBOV glycoprotein have been confirmed to be effective in animal experiments, no licensed vaccines or effective treatments have been approved since the first outbreak was reported in 1976. In this study, we prepared the extracellular domain of the EBOV GP protein (designated as N20) by prokaryotic expression and purification via chromatography. Using CTA1-DD (designated as H45) as a mucosal adjuvant, we evaluated the immunogenicity of N20 by intranasal administration and the associated protective efficacy against mouse-adapted EBOV challenge in mice. We found that intranasal vaccination with H45-adjuvanted N20 could stimulate humoral immunity, as supported by GP-specific IgG titers; Th1 cellular immunity, based on IgG subclasses and IFN-γ/IL-4 secreting cells; and mucosal immunity, based on the presence of anti-EBOV IgA in vaginal lavages. We also confirmed that the vaccine could completely protect mice against a lethal mouse-adapted EBOV (MA-EBOV) challenge with few side effects (based on weight loss). In comparison, mice that received N20 or H45 alone succumbed to lethal MA-EBOV challenge. Therefore, mucosal vaccination with H45-adjuvanted N20 represents a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of EBOV in an effective, safe, and convenient manner.     

CT血管造影对颈部血管狭窄性病变的诊断分析

目的探讨颈部血管狭窄性病变行CT血管造影(CTA)检查的诊断效果。方法选取2012年6月至2013年6月收治的43例患者进行检查,随机分为实验组22例,对照组21例,实验组采用64排螺旋CT血管造影检查,对照组采用超声检查,比较两种方法对颈部血管病变的诊断结果。结果实验组的诊断准确率为95.5%,对照组的诊断准确率为76.2%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用64排螺旋CT血管造影技术,通过血管后重建能够立体、直观地显示血管情况,准确判断椎动脉狭窄、闭塞情况,从而为临床治疗提供科学依据,值得推广应用。     

出血型烟雾病的临床分析

目的探讨出血型烟雾病的临床治疗效果。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,分析本院收治的出血型烟雾病患者临床资料,根据CTA检查结果实施手术治疗。结果手术治疗均顺利进行,所有患者术后进行格拉斯格评分：Ⅰ级15例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级1例。术后均未出现脑缺血和再出血。结论脉络膜前动脉的破裂出血后采取积极有效的措施避免再出血的发生,是治疗烟雾病脑出血的有效措施。     

64层螺旋CTA在缺血性脑血管病中的应用价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）在缺血性脑血管病（ICD）中的应用价值。方法：收集50例拟诊脑梗死的患者,同时进行64层螺旋CTA和DSA检查,将64层螺旋CTA和DSA结果进行对照。结果：以DSA为金标准,CTA检出脑梗死患者头颈部动脉狭窄的敏感度为97.8%,特异度为76.4%。结论：64层螺旋CTA能够清晰地显示头颈部动脉的狭窄,可作为DSA诊疗前重要的筛查技术。     

CT血管成像在诊断和评价维持性血液透析患者肿胀手综合症中的应用

目的探讨CT血管成像在诊断和评价血液透析患者肿胀手综合症中的应用价值。方法对10例应用自体动静脉内瘘并形成前臂或上肢整个肿胀维持性血液透析患者,应用64排CT血管成像技术(CT angiography,CTA)进行检查,观察瘘体血管的血栓形成部位、狭窄程度及侧支循环情况。结果 10例患者经CTA技术后均明确内瘘病变的部位。头静脉狭窄3例,其中轻度1例,中度1例,重度1例;锁骨下静脉狭窄2例,轻、重度各1例,无名静脉中度狭窄1例,闭塞1例。上腔静脉重度狭窄1例,闭塞2例。结论当维持性血液透析患者发生肿胀手综合征时,64排CT血管成像技术不仅对诊断并可对手术干预提供很有价值的帮助。     

Clinical evaluation and follow-up outcome of presurgical plan by Dextroscope: a prospective controlled study in patients with skull base tumors

Background

Patient-specific approach design, comprehensive evaluation on perioperative data, and follow-up of postoperative life quality (KPS) were carried out to evaluate the application of VR technology of Dextroscope in procedures of patients with skull base tumors.

Methods

Eighty-four patients with skull base tumors involved in this research were randomized into 2 groups (test group and control group), each with 42 patients. Before operation, image data such as MR, MRA, or CTA of head were collected and imported into the Dextroscope workstation. The detailed preoperative plans were made in the test group, but no Dextroscope plans in control group. The resection rate of tumors, preoperative evaluation including the duration of operation, total blood loss, the postoperative LOS, the number of cases with cerebrovascular injury complications in operation, and postoperative KPS of patients on discharge and the sixth month follow-up in the 2 groups were recorded and compared.

Results

The total resection rate of tumors was 83.33% in test group and 71.42% in the control group (P > .05). The total resection rate of meningioma was 86.67% in test group and 76.47% in control group. The total resection rates of trigeminal Schwannoma in the 2 groups were all 100% (P > .05). The duration of operation and the postoperative LOS of each patient were 5.25 ± 0.64 hours and 8.50 ± 1.10 days in the test group and 7.36 ± 0.87 hours and 12.50 ± 1.52 days in the control group, respectively (P < .05). Total blood loss of each patient was 456.75 ± 55.76 mL in the test group and 523.85 ± 66.78 mL in the control group (P > 05). There were 3 cases with complications of cerebral vessels injury in the test group and 7 cases in the control group (P < .05). During follow-up, KPS of patients in the test group on discharge (85.75 ± 9.68) was significantly superior to that in the control group (81.66 ± 9.24; P < .05). The KPS of patients on the sixth-month follow-up in the test group was 92.35 ± 9.95, which was significantly superior to that in the control group (85.6 ± 9.34; P < .05). Karnofsky performance scores of patients in the test group improved significantly from discharge to the sixth month after procedure (P < .05), whereas there were adverse results in the test group (P < .05). The 2 cases with CSF leakage were cured completely.

Conclusion

The preoperative plans with VR technology in patients with skull base tumor or CSF leakage operations can help certain the diagnosis, individually locate the position of skull base lesions, and design patient-specific approach, which also facilitate to shorten operation duration and the postoperative LOS, reduce total blood loss and injury of vessels in operation, and improve the postoperative KPS.     

Nonrigid registration for subtraction CT angiography applied to the carotids and cranial arteries

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an established tool for vascular imaging. However, high-intensity nonvascular structures in the contrast image can seriously hamper luminal visualization. This is an issue for three-dimensional visualization, where high-intensity structures might cover the underlying vasculature. But also in two dimensions, calcified plaques adjacent to the contrast-enhanced vessel lumen impede correct determination of the vessel boundary. High-intensity structures can be eliminated using subtraction CTA, where a native image is subtracted from the contrast image. However, patient and organ motion limits the widespread application of this technique. We propose to use nonrigid image registration to solve this problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For each patient, a native image and a contrast image are recorded, respectively, before and after contrast administration. The native image is registered to the contrast image using an automatic intensity-based nonrigid three-dimensional registration algorithm. Both images are merged in a fused image, allowing the user to switch between a view of the arteries, the bone or both. The procedure has been applied to 95 patients. RESULTS: In all cases, subtraction CTA using nonrigid registration allows for a significantly better artifacts removal than subtraction CTA without registration. Image quality of all images was judged adequate for clinical use. The average total processing time for each dataset is about 30 minutes. CONCLUSION: Nonrigid registration can allow for a great reduction in subtraction artifacts for subtraction CTA, resulting in a clear view of the vasculature.